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Pal R, Chattaraj PK. On the Nature of the Partial Covalent Bond between Noble Gas Elements and Noble Metal Atoms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073253. [PMID: 37050016 PMCID: PMC10096529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the nature of bonding between noble gases (Ng) and noble metals (M) from a quantum chemical perspective by investigating compounds such as NgMY (Y=CN, O, NO3, SO4, CO3), [NgM-(bipy)]+, NgMCCH, and MCCNgH complexes, where M=Cu, Ag, Au and Ng=Kr-Rn, with some complexes containing the lighter noble gas atoms as well. Despite having very low chemical reactivity, noble gases have been observed to form weak bonds with noble metals such as copper, gold, and silver. In this study, we explore the factors that contribute to this unusual bonding behavior, including the electronic structure of the atoms involved and the geometric configuration of the concerned fragments. We also investigate the metastable nature of the resulting complexes by studying the energetics of their possible dissociation and internal isomerization channels. The noble gas-binding ability of the bare metal cyanides are higher than most of their bromide counterparts, with CuCN and AgCN showing higher affinity than their chloride analogues as well. In contrast, the oxides seem to have lower binding power than their corresponding halides. In the oxide and the bipyridyl complexes, the Ng-binding ability follows the order Au > Cu > Ag. The dissociation energies calculated, considering the zero-point energy correction for possible dissociation channels, increase as we move down the noble gas group. The bond between the noble gases and the noble metals in the complexes are found to have comparable weightage of orbital and electrostatic interactions, suggestive of a partial covalent nature. The same is validated from the topological analysis of electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Liu YT, Li AY. Long-bonding and bonding nature in noble gas insertion compounds MNgBY of transition metal-boron bond. J Mol Model 2021; 27:360. [PMID: 34817695 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nature of inert gas bonding has always been an important topic. The bonds of noble gases cover the entire range of chemical bonds, from the weakest van der Waals forces, to non-covalent interactions, and to covalent bonds. Two types of methods were used to investigate the properties of chemical bonds in the inert gas inserted compound MNgBY with the transition metal M = Cu/Ag/Au and substituents Y = O/S/NH, one based on orbital analysis and the other based on electron density analysis. The NBO/NRT analysis shows that in these compounds there exists long-bonding striding the noble gas between the transitional metal and boron, similar to the noble gas insertion compounds HNgX of hydrohalide, and so a three-center four-electron bond exists among the M-Ng-B part. The electron density analyses show that the M-Ng bond between the metal Cu/Ag/Au and noble gas and the Ng-B bond in the Cu/Ag compounds are partial covalent but the Ng-B bond in Au compounds is a typical covalent bond. The large relativistic effects of Au cause the bonds in Au compounds shorter and stronger than the bonds in Ag/Cu compounds. The properties of the M-Ng and Ng-B bonds are not affected by substituents Y, but the bond lengths are sensitive to substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Pilmé J. Quantum chemical topology from tight augmented core densities. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1616-1627. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pilmé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique; CC 137 - 4, place Jussieu F. 75252 PARIS CEDEX 05 France
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Abstract
By combining the particle swarm optimization algorithm with first-principles calculation, the high-pressure phase diagram of Zn-F binary compounds was established. An unexpected stoichiometry of ZnF3 with space group Cccm is thermodynamically stable above 183 GPa. The new structure is fascinating with the appearance of Zn2+[F3]2- units. The stability of the new phase stems from the mixed ionic and covalent chemical bonding in ZnF3. The electronic properties indicate that Zn has a tendency to form high oxidation states under higher pressure. Our work is an important step in understanding the bonding behavior of Zn under extreme conditions and provides a valuable reference for experimental synthesis and identification of ZnF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
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How do halogen atoms affect Xe-Mo double bond? A theoretical study of X2XeMoY2 (X = F, Cl, Br; Y = F, Cl, Br). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pan S, Jana G, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Noble-Noble Strong Union: Gold at Its Best to Make a Bond with a Noble Gas Atom. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:173-187. [PMID: 30740292 PMCID: PMC6356865 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This Review presents the current status of the noble gas (Ng)‐noble metal chemistry, which began in 1977 with the detection of AuNe+ through mass spectroscopy and then grew from 2000 onwards; currently, the field is in a somewhat matured state. On one side, modern quantum chemistry is very effective in providing important insights into the structure, stability, and barrier for the decomposition of Ng compounds and, as a result, a plethora of viable Ng compounds have been predicted. On the other hand. experimental achievement also goes beyond microscopic detection and characterization through spectroscopic techniques and crystal structures at ambient temperature; for example, (AuXe4)2+(Sb2F11−)2 have also been obtained. The bonding between two noble elements of the periodic table can even reach the covalent limit. The relativistic effect makes gold a very special candidate to form a strong bond with Ng in comparison to copper and silver. Insertion compounds, which are metastable in nature, depending on their kinetic stability, display an even more fascinating bonding situation. The degree of covalency in Ng–M (M=noble metal) bonds of insertion compounds is far larger than that in non‐insertion compounds. In fact, in MNgCN (M=Cu, Ag, Au) molecules, the M−Ng and Ng−C bonds might be represented as classical 2c–2e σ bonds. Therefore, noble metals, particularly gold, provide the opportunity for experimental chemists to obtain sufficiently stable complexes with Ng at room temperature in order to characterize them by using experimental techniques and, with the intriguing bonding situation, to explore them with various computational tools from a theoretical perspective. This field is relatively young and, in the coming years, a lot of advancement is expected experimentally as well as theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73 Cordemex 97310 Mérida, Yuc. México
| | - Pratim K Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India.,Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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da Silva RS, Ballester MY. A theoretical study of energy transfer in Ar( 1S) + SO 2( X ̃ 1 A ') collisions: Cross sections and rate coefficients for vibrational transitions. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144309. [PMID: 30316261 DOI: 10.1063/1.5051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational transitions, induced by collisions between rare-gas atoms and molecules, play a key role in many problems of interest in physics and chemistry. A theoretical investigation of the translation-to-vibration (T-V) energy transfer process in argon atom and sulfur dioxide molecule collisions is presented here. For such a purpose, the framework of the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) methodology was followed over the range of translational energies 2 ≤ Etr/kcal mol-1 ≤ 100. A new realistic potential energy surface (PES) for the ArSO2 system was developed using pairwise addition for the four-body energy term within the double many-body expansion. The topological features of the obtained function are compared with a previous one reported by Hippler et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 90, 6158 (1986)]. To test the accuracy of the PES, additional coupled cluster singles and doubles method with a perturbative contribution of connected triples calculations were carried out for the global minimum configuration. From dynamical calculations, the cross sections for the T-V excitation process indicate a barrier-type mechanism due to strong repulsive interactions between SO2 molecules and the Ar atom. Corrections to zero-point energy leakage in QCT were carried out using vibrational energy quantum mechanical threshold of the complex and variations. Rate coefficients and cross sections are calculated for some vibrational transitions using pseudo-quantization approaches of the vibrational energy of products. Main attributes of the title molecular collision are discussed and compared with available information in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon S da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Maikel Y Ballester
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
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Xinying L. Stabilities and interactions of CuRnX and XCuRn (X = F – I): ab initio calculations. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1350293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xinying
- School of Physics and Electronics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
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Theoretical investigation on the covalence in AgRnX and XAgRn (X = F - I). J Mol Model 2017; 23:350. [PMID: 29164344 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CCSD(T) calculations were performed to investigate the stabilities and interaction mechanisms of the AgRnX and XAgRn (X = F - I) series. Dissociation energies and frontier orbital properties demonstrate an increased trend of stabilities. Ag spd hybrids and Rn/X sp hybrids come into the σAg-Rn and σAg-X bonding orbital. The nature of Ag-Rn, Ag-X and Rn-X interactions were investigated by atoms in molecules (AIM) theory. The negative energy density and positive Laplacian values, as well as small electron densities at bond critical points (BCPs), characterize the moderate strength with partial covalence of interactions. BCP properties (-G/V and G/ρ), electron density deformations and natural resonance theory (NRT) results display increased covalence down the periodic table.
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Xinying L, Junxia C. On the covalence in coinage-metal halides M 3X 3 (M = Cu, Ag and Au, X = F – I). Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1303206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xinying
- School of Physics and Electronics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Junxia
- School of Physics and Electronics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
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Peng F, Botana J, Wang Y, Ma Y, Miao M. Unexpected Trend in Stability of Xe-F Compounds under Pressure Driven by Xe-Xe Covalent Bonds. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4562-4567. [PMID: 27776206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenon difluoride is the first and the most stable of hundreds of noble-gas (Ng) compounds. These compounds reveal the rich chemistry of Ng's. No stable compound that contains a Ng-Ng bond has been reported previously. Recent experiments have shown intriguing behaviors of this exemplar compound under high pressure, including increased coordination numbers and an insulator-to-metal transition. None of the behaviors can be explained by electronic-structure calculations with fixed stoichiometry. We therefore conducted a structure search of xenon-fluorine compounds with various stoichiometries and studied their stabilities under pressure using first-principles calculations. Our results revealed, unexpectedly, that pressure stabilizes xenon-fluorine compounds selectively, including xenon tetrafluoride, xenon hexafluoride, and the xenon-rich compound Xe2F. Xenon difluoride becomes unstable above 81 GPa and yields metallic products. These compounds contain xenon-xenon covalent bonds and may form intercalated graphitic xenon lattices, which stabilize xenon-rich compounds and promote the decomposition of xenon difluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang 471022, P. R. China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
| | - Jorge Botana
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Miao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, California 91220, United States
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Makarewicz E, Gordon AJ, Berski S. The electronic structure of the xenon insertion compounds XXe–MX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I; M = B, Al, Ga). Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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