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Portela-Pino J, Talavera M, Chiussi S, Bolaño S, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL. Development of robust chiroptical systems through spirobifluorenes. Chirality 2024; 36:e23624. [PMID: 37823399 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical responses are valuable for the structural determination of dissymmetric molecules. However, the development of everyday applications based on chiroptical systems is yet to come. We have been earlier using axially chiral allenes for the construction of linear, cyclic, and cage-shaped molecules that present remarkable chiroptical responses. Additionally, we have developed chiral surfaces through upstanding chiral architectures. Since the goal is to obtain robust chiroptical materials, more recently we have been studying spirobifluorenes (SBFs), a well-established building block in optoelectronic applications. After theoretical and experimental demonstration, the suitability of chiral SBFs for the development of robust chiroptical systems was certified by the construction all-carbon double helices, flexible shape-persistent macrocycles, chiral frameworks for surface functionalization, and structures featuring helical or spiroconjugated molecular orbitals. Here, we give an overview of our contribution to these matters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Talavera
- University of Vigo, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Vigo, Spain
| | - Stefano Chiussi
- CINTECX, University of Vigo, Applied Physic Department, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Bolaño
- University of Vigo, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Vigo, Spain
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2
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Ozcelik A, Aranda D, Pereira-Cameselle R, Talavera M, Covelo B, Santoro F, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL. ON/OFF Spiroconjugation through Peripheral Functionalization: Impact on the Reactivity and Chiroptical Properties of Spirobifluorenes. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100554. [PMID: 35415974 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spirobifluorenes are an important class of spiro compounds frequently used in the field of organic electronics. However, harnessing spiroconjugation to obtain high-performance in such structural motifs remains unexplored. We herein propose that peripheral functionalization may serve as a useful tool to control spiroconjugation in an ON/OFF manner on both chemical reactivity and photophysical properties. In particular, the ratio of mono- and di-functionalized spirobifluorenes found experimentally during their synthesis were found to be 3/2, 7/2, and 12/2 for phenyl, nitro-phenyl and amino-phenyl analogues, respectively. These remarkable reactivity differences correlate with the spiroconjugation character evaluated theoretically at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Additionally, comparison of experimental and predicted optical and chiroptical responses shows that spiroconjugated molecular orbitals have a significant or negligible involvement on the main electronic transitions depending on the peripheral functionality of the spirobifluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - María Talavera
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berta Covelo
- CACTI (Centro de Apoyo Científico-Tecnológico a la Investigación), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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3
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Ozcelik A, Pereira R, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso Gómez JL. A Tetracyanobutadiene Spirobifluorene: Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution and Chiroptical Properties. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Raquel Pereira
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Physical Chemistry SPAIN
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, Alonso-Gómez JL. From Allenes to Spirobifluorenes: On the Way to Device-compatible Chiroptical Systems. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201013164534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a huge growth in the construction of chiral systems to
expand the scope of chiroptical applications. Dependence of chiroptical response on molecular
conformation typically leads to low chiroptical intensities of chiral systems that feature
several conformations in solution. In this respect, allenes were employed for the preparation
of open and cyclic oligomers as well as molecular cages, presenting remarkable chiroptical
responses in solution. Their molecular chirality was also transferred to metal surfaces, yet
photoisomerization of allenes limited their further exploration. In search of a more robust
chiral axis, theoretical and experimental studies confirmed that spirobifluorenes could give
rise to stable systems with tailored optical and chiroptical properties. Additionally, incorporating
a conformational lock into spirobifluorene cyclic architectures served as an efficient
strategy towards the generation of distinct helical molecular orbitals. This review article outlines our results on developing
device-compatible chiroptical systems through axially chiral allenes and spirobifluorenes. The contribution
from other research groups is presented briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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5
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Ozcelik A, Aranda D, Gil‐Guerrero S, Pola‐Otero XA, Talavera M, Wang L, Behera SK, Gierschner J, Peña‐Gallego Á, Santoro F, Pereira‐Cameselle R, Alonso‐Gómez JL. Distinct Helical Molecular Orbitals through Conformational Lock**. Chemistry 2020; 26:17342-17349. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Vigo Campus Universitario 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Pisa Italy
- Departamento de Química Física Universidad de Málaga Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 Málaga 29010 Spain
| | - Sara Gil‐Guerrero
- Departamento de Química Física Universidad de Vigo Campus Universitario 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Xaquín A. Pola‐Otero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Vigo Campus Universitario 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Maria Talavera
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Liangxuan Wang
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ángeles Peña‐Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física Universidad de Vigo Campus Universitario 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Pisa Italy
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6
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Kirinda VC, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Hartley CS. ortho
‐Phenylene‐Based Macrocyclic Hydrocarbons Assembled Using Olefin Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj C. Kirinda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University 45056 Oxford OH USA
| | | | | | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University 45056 Oxford OH USA
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Ozcelik A, Peña-Gallego MDLÁ, Pereira-Cameselle R, Alonso-Gómez JL. Design and synthesis of chiral spirobifluorenes. Chirality 2020; 32:464-473. [PMID: 32053262 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiroptical spectroscopic methods serve as a practical tool for the structural characterization of chiral systems based on the interaction with polarized light. The higher sensitivity of these methods, compared with their achiral counterparts, not only enables the determination of absolute configuration and conformational preferences, but also supramolecular interactions may be monitored. In order to expand the applicability of chiroptical systems, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. As a proof of principle, we previously constructed chiroptical interfaces via thioacetate-derivatized allenes. Because of the photoisomerization issues associated with allenes, we have recently proposed their replacement by spirobifluorenes to achieve robust chiroptical systems. Thus, we hereby present the design and synthesis of chiral spirobifluorenes bearing thioacetates suitable for suface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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8
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Arias-Coronado VC, Pereira-Cameselle R, Ozcelik A, Talavera M, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL, Bolaño S. Spirobifluorene Metallaaromatics. Chemistry 2019; 25:13496-13499. [PMID: 31430403 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spirobifluorene derivatives find use in many end-user applications. Therefore, further expansion of their scope is the focus of many research studies. However, although the optical properties of spirobifluorenes can be greatly tuned through incorporation of metal complexes, to date, spirobifluorene metallaaromatics remain unknown. Taking advantage of the versatility of our methodology for the synthesis of metallaaromatic systems, this work reports the first metallaaromatic spirobifluorene compound. The presence of an Ir atom was found to redshift the absorption maximum by ca. 1.1 eV compared to bare spirobifluorene. Additionally, X-ray analysis as well as anisotropy of the current-induced density calculations revealed this compound to be of aromatic nature. The high stability in solution, solid state, under air, and at high temperature, as well as distinct optical properties of this new class of compounds are expected to open new frontiers for chiroptical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Arias-Coronado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Talavera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Bolaño
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Castro-Fernández S, Peña-Gallego Á, Mosquera RA, Alonso-Gómez JL. Chiroptical Symmetry Analysis: Exciton Chirality-Based Formulae to Understand the Chiroptical Responses of Cn and Dn Symmetric Systems. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010141. [PMID: 30609677 PMCID: PMC6337451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high sensitivity of chiroptical responses to conformational changes and supramolecular interactions has prompted an increasing interest in the development of chiroptical applications. However, prediction of and understanding the chiroptical responses of the necessary large systems may not be affordable for calculations at high levels of theory. In order to facilitate the development of chiroptical applications, methodologies capable of evaluating the chiroptical responses of large systems are necessary. The exciton chirality method has been extensively used for the interaction between two independent chromophores through the Davydov model. For systems presenting C2 or D2 symmetry, one can get the same results by applying the selection rules. In the present article, the analysis of the selection rules for systems with symmetries Cn and Dn with n = 3 and 4 is used to uncover the origin of their chiroptical responses. We foresee that the use of the Chiroptical Symmetry Analysis (CSA) for systems presenting the symmetries explored herein, as well as for systems presenting higher symmetries will serve as a useful tool for the development of chiroptical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Químicas, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Químicas, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Ricardo A Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Químicas, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Químicas, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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10
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, von Weber A, Paszkiewicz M, Carlotti M, Paintner T, Zhang L, Lin T, Zhang YQ, Barth JV, van den Nobelen T, Chiechi RC, Jakob M, Heiz U, Chiussi S, Kartouzian A, Klappenberger F, Alonso-Gómez JL. Device-Compatible Chiroptical Surfaces through Self-Assembly of Enantiopure Allenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4548-4553. [PMID: 29551068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical methods have been proven to be superior compared to their achiral counterparts for the structural elucidation of many compounds. To expand the use of chiroptical systems to everyday applications, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. Particularly, tailored and robust interfaces compatible with standard device operation conditions are required. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of chiral allenes and their use for the functionalization of gold surfaces. The self-assembly results in a monolayer-thin room-temperature-stable upstanding chiral architecture as ascertained by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, these nanostructures anchored to device-compatible substrates feature intense chiroptical second harmonic generation. Both straightforward preparation of the device-compatible interfaces along with their chiroptical nature provide major prospects for everyday applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A von Weber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - M Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , Groningen 9747 AG , The Netherlands
| | - T Paintner
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - L Zhang
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - T Lin
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - Y-Q Zhang
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - J V Barth
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | | | - R C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , Groningen 9747 AG , The Netherlands
| | - M Jakob
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - U Heiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | | | - A Kartouzian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
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Lepelmeier J, Alonso-Gómez JL, Mortaheb F, Boesl U, Heiz U, Kartouzian A. Chiroptical inversion for isolated vibronic transitions of supersonic beam-cooled molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 28650046 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02596c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular dichroism-resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (CD-REMPI) was used for CD measurements on several single vibronic transitions of supersonic beam-cooled (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol. Due to the low molecular densities within a supersonic beam and the expected small anisotropy factor of 1-phenylethanol in the permille region, the precision of the experimental method had to be significantly improved. Therefore, a single laser pulse evaluation combined with a twin-peak technique enabled within the used supersonic beam setup is presented. For the electronic transition S0 → S1 of (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol (π → π* transition of the phenyl ring at 266 nm) ten different vibrational modes as well as the 0-transition were investigated with one-color (1 + 1) CD-REMPI. The results deliver new experimental insights on the influence of molecular vibrations on the anisotropy factor. TD-DFT theoretical predictions show how the angle between the electronic and magnetic transition dipole moments of the electronic transition can be modified by different vibrational modes, making even a flip of the sign of the anisotropy factor possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lepelmeier
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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12
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Castro-Fernández S, Yang R, García AP, Garzón IL, Xu H, Petrovic AG, Alonso-Gómez JL. Diverse Chiral Scaffolds from Diethynylspiranes: All-Carbon Double Helices and Flexible Shape-Persistent Macrocycles. Chemistry 2017; 23:11747-11751. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Vigo; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n Vigo 36310 Spain
| | - Ren Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu, Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - A. Patricio García
- Instituto de Física; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apartado Postal 20-364 01000 México, D. F. México
| | - Ignacio L. Garzón
- Instituto de Física; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apartado Postal 20-364 01000 México, D. F. México
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu, Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Ana G. Petrovic
- Department of Life Sciences; New York Institute of Technology; 1855 Broadway New York NY 10023 USA
| | - J. Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Vigo; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n Vigo 36310 Spain
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13
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Kinney ZJ, Hartley CS. Twisted Macrocycles with Folded ortho-Phenylene Subunits. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4821-4827. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias J. Kinney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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