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Courtney C, Siberchicot B. On the nature of noble gas - metal bond in silver aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23929-23936. [PMID: 37642525 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03416j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to extend the study of the nature of the bond between noble gas to nano- and sub nanoscale silver aggregates. In the framework of DFT-PAW calculations implemented in the abinit package, we carried out a thorough investigation on the nature of the bond between the six noble gases NG (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn) and numerous neutral silver aggregates Agn from the single atom Ag1 to the nanoparticle Ag147 using atoms-in-molecules (AIM) dual functional analysis,. We evaluated the impact of the silver aggregate size, the adsorption site and of the noble gas on the Ag-NG bond. Our study concluded on the favored adsorption of heavier noble gases (Kr, Xe and Rn) over that of lighter noble gases (He, Ne and Ar) on any aggregate size due to an enhanced chemical contribution in the bond. For these heavier noble gases, in accordance with studies carried out on surfaces, we noted their preferential adsorption on on-top sites rather than on hollow sites, which further evidences the chemical contribution to the bond. Moreover, the slight positive Bader charge on these heavier noble gases implies an electron transfer from the noble gas to the silver atom. Noble gas adsorption is favored on smaller, few-atom, two-dimensional clusters rather than on larger three-dimensional nanoparticles. Finally, we identified a universal power law with a unique exponent linking bond length and electronic density at the bond critical point for all aggregate sizes, noble gases and adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Siberchicot
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon CEDEX, France.
- CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91680, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
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Martini P, Kranabetter L, Goulart M, Rasul B, Gatchell M, Scheier P, Echt O. Atomic Gold Ions Clustered with Noble Gases: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9505-9513. [PMID: 31621319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectra of helium droplets doped with gold and ionized by electrons reveal HenAu+ cluster ions. Additional doping with heavy noble gases results in NenAu+, ArnAu+, KrnAu+, and XenAu+ cluster ions. The high stability predicted for covalently bonded Ar2Au+, Kr2Au+, and Xe2Au+ is reflected in their relatively high abundance. Surprisingly, the abundance of Ne2Au+, which is predicted to have zero covalent bonding character and no enhanced stability, features a local maximum, too. The predicted size and structure of complete solvation shells surrounding ions with essentially nondirectional bonding depends primarily on the ratio σ* of the ion-ligand versus the ligand-ligand distance. For Au+ solvated in helium and neon, the ratio σ* is slightly below 1, favoring icosahedral packing in agreement with a maximum observed in the corresponding abundance distributions at n = 12. HenAu+ appears to adopt two additional solvation shells of Ih symmetry, containing 20 and 12 atoms, respectively. For ArnAu+, with σ* ≈ 0.67, one would expect a solvation shell of octahedral symmetry, in agreement with an enhanced ion abundance at n = 6. Another anomaly in the ion abundance at Ar9Au+ matches a local maximum in its computed dissociation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Martini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Lorenz Kranabetter
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Marcelo Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Bilal Rasul
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- Department of Physics , University of Sargodha , 40100 Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Michael Gatchell
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- Department of Physics , Stockholm University , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstr. 25 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- Department of Physics , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire NH 03824 , United States
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Pilmé J. Electron localization function from density components. J Comput Chem 2016; 38:204-210. [PMID: 27859396 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work addresses the decomposition of the Electron Localization Function (ELF) into partial density contributions using an appealing split of kinetic energy densities. Regarding the degree of the electron localization, the relationship between ELF and its usual spin-polarized formula is discussed. A new polarized ELF formula, built from any subsystems of the density, and a localization function, quantifying the measure of electron localization for only a subpart of the total system are introduced. The methodology appears tailored to describe the electron localization in bonding patterns of subsystems, such as the local nucleophilic character. Beyond these striking examples, this work opens up opportunities to describe any electronic properties that depend only on subparts of the density in atoms, molecules, or solids. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pilmé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, CC 137 - 4, place Jussieu F. 75252 PARIS CEDEX 05 -, France
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Makarewicz E, Gordon AJ, Berski S. The electronic structure of the xenon insertion compounds XXe–MX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I; M = B, Al, Ga). Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mancera LA, Benoit DM. Vibrational anharmonicity of small gold and silver clusters using the VSCF method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:529-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the vibrational spectra of small neutral gold (Au2–Au10) and silver (Ag2–Au5) clusters using the vibrational self-consistent field method (VSCF) in order to account for anharmonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Mancera
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
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Shayeghi A, Schäfer R, Rayner DM, Johnston RL, Fielicke A. Charge-induced dipole vs. relativistically enhanced covalent interactions in Ar-tagged Au-Ag tetramers and pentamers. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:024310. [PMID: 26178108 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational spectra of Au(n)Ag(m)(+)⋅Ar(k) (n + m = 4, 5; k = 1-4) clusters are determined by far-infrared resonant multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in the range ν̃=100-250 cm(-1). The experimental spectra are assigned using density functional theory for geometries obtained by the Birmingham cluster genetic algorithm. Putative global minimum candidates of the Ar complexes are generated by adding Ar atoms to the Au(n)Ag(m)(+) low energy isomers and subsequent local optimization. Differential Ar binding energies indicate exceptionally strong Au-Ar bonds in Au-rich clusters, leading to fundamental changes to the IR spectra. The stronger Ar binding is attributed to a relativistically enhanced covalent character of the Au-Ar bond, while in Au-rich species charge-induced dipole interactions overcompensate the relativistic affinity to Au. Moreover, not only the absolute composition but also the topologies are essential in the description of Ar binding to a certain cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shayeghi
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Schäfer
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Rayner
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - R L Johnston
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Fielicke
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Shayeghi A, Johnston RL, Rayner DM, Schäfer R, Fielicke A. Zum Charakter der chemischen Bindung von Argonatomen mit gemischten Gold/Silber-Trimeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shayeghi A, Johnston RL, Rayner DM, Schäfer R, Fielicke A. The Nature of Bonding between Argon and Mixed Gold-Silver Trimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26206667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The controversial nature of chemical bonding between noble gases and noble metals is addressed. Experimental evidence of exceptionally strong Au-Ar bonds in Ar complexes of mixed Au-Ag trimers is presented. IR spectra reveal an enormous influence of the attached Ar atoms on vibrational modes, particularly in Au-rich trimers, where Ar atoms are heavily involved owing to a relativistically enhanced covalency. In Ag-rich trimers, vibrational transitions of the metal framework predominate, indicating a pure electrostatic character of the Ag-Ar bonds. The experimental findings are analyzed by means of DFT calculations, which show how the relativistic differences between Au and Ag are manifested in stronger Au-Ar binding energies. Because of the ability to vary composition and charge distribution, the trimers serve as ideal model systems to study the chemical nature of the bonding of noble gases to closed-shell systems containing gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Shayeghi
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany).
| | - Roy L Johnston
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (UK)
| | - David M Rayner
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6 (Canada)
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - André Fielicke
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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