1
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Tomasini M, Voccia M, Caporaso L, Szostak M, Poater A. Tuning the steric hindrance of alkylamines: a predictive model of steric editing of planar amines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13405-13414. [PMID: 39183899 PMCID: PMC11339794 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03873h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amines are one of the most prevalent functional groups in chemistry. Perhaps even more importantly, amines represent one of the most ubiquitous moieties within the realm of bioactive natural products and life-saving pharmaceuticals. The archetypal geometrical property of amines is their sp3 hybridization with the lone pair of nitrogen occupying the apex of the pyramid. Herein, we present a blueprint for quantifying the properties of extremely sterically hindered alkylamines. These amines reach planarity around the nitrogen atom due to the excessive steric hindrance, which results in a conformational re-modeling of the amine moiety. Crucially, the steric properties of amines are characterized by the %V Bur index, which we show is a general predictive parameter for evaluating the properties of sterically hindered amines. Computational studies on the acidic nature and the reactivity of organometallic Au and Pd complexes are outlined. Density functional theory calculations permit for predictive catalysis, ordering the mapping of extremely hindered tertiary amines by employing artificial intelligence via machine learning. Overall, the study outlines the correlation between the unusual geometry and the key thermodynamic and kinetic properties of extremely hindered alkylamines. The steric hindrance, as quantified by %V Bur, is the crucial factor influencing the observed trends and the space required to accommodate sterically hindered tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasini
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Maria Voccia
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark New Jersey 07102 USA
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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2
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Mathew R, Verma P, Barak A, Adithya Lakshmanna Y. Excited-State Dynamics in 4-[4'(Dimethylamino)styryl]pyridine, a Photobase: Role of Photoinitiated Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7419-7428. [PMID: 37647516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The photoinitiated proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process in photoacid-based adducts is predominantly governed by the evolution of the electron-proton transfer state. However, such a process is underexplored in the case of photobases as the excited states evolve through multiple competitive channels. Here, we elucidate the excited-state dynamics of a photobase, 4-[4'-(dimethylamino)styryl]pyridine (DMASP), in the presence of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) that enables PCET. Transient absorption measurements show the evolution of a protonated species in the excited state with a time constant of ∼2.5 ps. Fluorescence upconversion measurements reveal the signatures of an emissive intramolecular charge transfer state and a protonated state. The role of such states is further confirmed by time-resolved measurements in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and computational analysis. Furthermore, the proton-abstraction dynamics of DMASP is analyzed in bulk methanol and butanol solvents. The extent of proton abstraction by DMASP is found to be higher in the presence of HFIP when compared with the normal alcohols over a time period of a few picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Mathew
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Preetika Verma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Arvind Barak
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Yapamanu Adithya Lakshmanna
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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3
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Wickhorst PJ, Druzhinin SI, Ihmels H, Müller M, Sutera Sardo M, Schönherr H, Viola G. A Dimethylaminophenyl‐Substituted Naphtho[1,2‐
b
]quinolizinium as a Multicolor NIR Probe for the Fluorimetric Detection of Intracellular Nucleic Acids and Proteins. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jonas Wickhorst
- Department of Chemistry – Biology University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ) Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Department of Chemistry – Biology University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ) Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry – Biology University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ) Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Department of Chemistry – Biology University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ) Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | | | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry – Biology University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ) Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Women's and Child's health Oncohematology laboratory University of Padova Via Giustiniani 2 I-35128 Padova Italy
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4
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Banert K, Heck M, Ihle A, Kronawitt J, Pester T, Shoker T. Steric Hindrance Underestimated: It is a Long, Long Way to Tri- tert-alkylamines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5138-5148. [PMID: 29630365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ten different processes (Methods A-J) were tested to prepare tertiary amines bearing bulky alkyl groups. In particular, SN1 alkylation of secondary amines with the help of 1-adamantyl triflate (Method D) and reaction of N-chlorodialkylamines with organometallic reagents (Method H), but also attack of the latter reagents at iminium salts, which were generated in situ by N-alkylation of imines (Method J), led to trialkylamines with unprecedented steric congestion. These products showed a restriction of the rotation about the C-N bond. Consequently, equilibration of rotamers was slow on the NMR time scale resulting in distinguishable sets of NMR data at room temperature. Furthermore, tertiary amines with bulky alkyl substituents underwent Hofmann-like elimination when heating in toluene to form an olefin and a secondary amine. Since the tendency to take part in this decay reaction correlated with the degree of steric hindrance around the nitrogen atom, Hofmann elimination at ambient temperature, which made the isolation of the tertiary amine difficult, was observed in special cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Banert
- Chemnitz University of Technology , Organic Chemistry , Strasse der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Manuel Heck
- Chemnitz University of Technology , Organic Chemistry , Strasse der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Chemnitz University of Technology , Organic Chemistry , Strasse der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Julia Kronawitt
- Chemnitz University of Technology , Organic Chemistry , Strasse der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Tom Pester
- Chemnitz University of Technology , Organic Chemistry , Strasse der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Tharallah Shoker
- Chemnitz University of Technology , Organic Chemistry , Strasse der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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5
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Naicker D, Friedrich HB, Pansuriya PB. Iridium and rhodium “PNP” aminodiphosphine complexes used as catalysts in the oxidation of styrene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New Ir and Rh “PNP” aminodiphosphine complexes are effective catalysts in styrene oxidation withtert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. The Ir catalysts were more active than the Rh catalysts with high yields to benzaldehyde in comparison to styrene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunesha Naicker
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Holger B. Friedrich
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Pramod B. Pansuriya
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
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6
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Druzhinin SI, Galievsky VA, Demeter A, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina T, Dubbaka SR, Knochel P, Mayer P, Grosse C, Stalke D, Zachariasse KA. Two-State Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) with 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (MMD) and Its Meta-Isomer mMMD. Ground State Amino Twist Not Essential for ICT. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11820-36. [PMID: 26559045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From X-ray structure analysis, amino twist angles of 90.0° for 2,4-dimethyl-3-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (mMMD), 82.7° for 4-(di-tert-butylamino)benzonitrile (DTABN), and 88.7° for 6-cyanobenzoquinuclidine (CBQ) are determined, all considerably larger than the 57.4° of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (MMD). This large twist leads to lengthening of the amino-phenyl bond, 143.5 pm (mMMD), 144.1 pm (DTABN), 144.6 pm (CBQ), and 141.4 pm (MMD), as compared with 136.5 pm for the planar 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). As a consequence, the electronic coupling between the amino and phenyl subgroups in mMMD, DTABN, CBQ, and MMD is much weaker than in DMABN, as seen from the strongly reduced molar absorption coefficients. The fluorescence spectrum of MMD in n-hexane at 25 °C consists of two emissions, from a locally excited (LE) and an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state, with a fluorescence quantum yield ratio Φ'(ICT)/Φ(LE) of 12.8. In MeCN, a single ICT emission is found. With mMMD in n-hexane, in contrast, only LE fluorescence is observed, whereas the spectrum in MeCN originates from the ICT state. These differences are also seen from the half-widths of the overall fluorescence bands, which in n-hexane are larger for MMD than for mMMD, decreasing with solvent polarity for MMD and increasing for mMMD, reflecting the disappearance of LE and the onset of ICT in the overall spectra, respectively. From solvatochromic measurements the dipole moments μe(ICT) of MMD (16 D) and mMMD (15 D) are obtained. Femtosecond excited state absorption (ESA) spectra at 22 °C, together with the dual (LE + ICT) fluorescence, reveal that MMD in n-hexane undergoes a reversible LE ⇄ ICT reaction, with LE as the precursor, with a forward rate constant ka = 5.6 × 10(12) s(-1) and a back-reaction kd ∼ 0.05 × 10(12) s(-1). With MMD in the strongly polar solvent MeCN, ICT is faster: ka = 10 × 10(12) s(-1). In the case of mMMD in n-hexane, the ESA spectra show that ICT does not take place, contrary to MeCN, in which ka = 2.5 × 10(12) s(-1). The ICT reactions with MMD and mMMD are much faster than that of the parent compound DMABN in MeCN, with ka = 0.24 × 10(12) s(-1). Because of the very short ICT reaction times of 180 fs (MMD, n-hexane), 100 fs (MMD, MeCN), and 400 fs (mMMD, MeCN), it is clear that the picosecond fluorescence decays of these systems appear to be single exponential, due to the insufficient time resolution of 3 ps. It is concluded that the faster LE → ICT reaction of MMD as compared with DMABN (ka = 0.24 × 10(12) s(-1) in MeCN) is caused by a smaller energy gap ΔE(S1,S2) between the lowest singlet excited states and not by the large amino twist angle. Similarly, the larger ΔE(S1,S2) of mMMD as compared with MMD is held responsible for its smaller ICT efficiency (no reaction in n-hexane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor A Galievsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Attila Demeter
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 286, 1519 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey A Kovalenko
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Srinivas R Dubbaka
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Grosse
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaas A Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Boroff JA, Matesich ZD, Canache Stuetzer D, Schmidtke Sobeck SJ. Solvent impact on the photophysical properties and excited state behavior of p-aminobenzoic acids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Gómez I, Castro PJ, Reguero M. Insight into the Mechanisms of Luminescence of Aminobenzonitrile and Dimethylaminobenzonitrile in Polar Solvents. An ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1983-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez
- Departament
de Química
Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C.
Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona , Spain
| | - Pedro J. Castro
- Departament
de Química
Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C.
Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona , Spain
| | - Mar Reguero
- Departament
de Química
Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C.
Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona , Spain
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9
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Mercier Y, Reguero M. Looking for the species responsible of the anomalous fluorescence band in ortho-, meta- and para-(di-tert-butylamino)benzonitrile. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Zgierski MZ, Lim EC, Fujiwara T. Intramolecular charge transfer in di-tert-butylaminobenzonitriles and 2,4,6-tricyanoanilines: A computational TDDFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Catalán J. Can the dipolarity of the medium induce the formation of charge transfer structures? An unexpected finding in the photophysics of DMABN. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7734-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Zachariasse KA. Intramolecular charge transfer with crystal violet lactone in acetonitrile as a function of temperature: reaction is not solvent-controlled. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7721-36. [PMID: 23865629 DOI: 10.1021/jp405530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) with crystal violet lactone (CVL) in the excited singlet state takes place in solvents more polar than n-hexane, such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile (MeCN). In these solvents, the fluorescence spectrum of CVL consists of two emission bands, from a locally excited (LE) and an ICT state. The dominant deactivation channel of the lowest excited singlet state is internal conversion, as the quantum yields of fluorescence (0.007) and intersystem crossing (0.015) in MeCN at 25 °C are very small. CVL is a weakly coupled electron donor/acceptor (D/A) molecule, similar to an exciplex (1)(A(-)D(+)). A solvatochromic treatment of the LE and ICT emission maxima results in the dipole moments μe(LE) = 17 D and μe(ICT) = 33 D, much larger than those previously reported. This discrepancy is attributed to different Onsager radii and spectral fluorimeter calibration. The LE and ICT fluorescence decays of CVL in MeCN are double exponential. As determined by global analysis, the LE and ICT decays at 25 °C have the times τ2 = 9.2 ps and τ1 = 1180 ps, with an amplitude ratio of 35.3 for LE. From these parameters, the rate constants ka = 106 × 10(9) s(-1) and kd = 3.0 × 10(9) s(-1) of the forward and backward reaction in the LE ⇄ ICT equilibrium are calculated, resulting in a free enthalpy difference ΔG of -8.9 kJ/mol. The amplitude ratio of the ICT fluorescence decay equals -1.0, which signifies that the ICT state is not prepared by light absorption in the S0 ground state, but originates exclusively from the directly excited LE precursor. From the temperature dependence of the fluorescence decays of CVL in MeCN (-45 to 75 °C), activation energies E(a) = 3.9 kJ/mol (LE → ICT) and E(d) = 23.6 kJ/mol (ICT → LE) are obtained, giving an enthalpy difference ΔH (= E(a) - E(d)) of -19.7 kJ/mol, and an entropy difference ΔS = -35.5 J mol(-1) K(-1). These data show that the ICT reaction of CVL in MeCN is not barrierless. The ICT reaction time of 9.2 ps is much longer than the mean solvent relaxation time of MeCN (0.26 ps), indicating, in contrast with earlier reports in the literature, that the reaction is not solvent controlled. This conclusion is supported by the observation of double exponential LE and ICT fluorescence with the same decay times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany.
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13
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Photophysics of Push-Pull Distyrylfurans, Thiophenes and Pyridines by Fast and Ultrafast Techniques. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:970-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Aloïse S, Pawlowska Z, Ruckebusch C, Sliwa M, Dubois J, Poizat O, Buntinx G, Perrier A, Maurel F, Jacques P, Malval JP, Poisson L, Piani G, Abe J. A two-step ICT process for solvatochromic betaine pyridinium revealed by ultrafast spectroscopy, multivariate curve resolution, and TDDFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1945-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Thayer MP, McGuire C, Stennett EMS, Lockhart MK, Canache D, Novak M, Schmidtke SJ. pH-dependent spectral properties of para-aminobenzoic acid and its derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 84:227-232. [PMID: 21993255 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The local environment dictates the structural and functional properties of many important chemical and biological systems. The impact of pH on the photophysical properties of a series of para-aminobenzoic acids is examined using a combination of experimental spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Following photoexcitation, PABA derivatives may undergo an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) resulting in the formation of a zwitterionic species. The thermodynamics of the excited state reaction and temperature-dependence of the radiative emission processes are evaluated through variable temperature fluorescence spectroscopy carried out in a range of aqueous buffers. Quantum chemical calculations are used to analyze structural changes with modifications at the amine position and different protonation states. The ICT is only observed in the tertiary amine, which calculations show has more sp(2) character than the primary or secondary amines. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the ICT reaction is driven by entropy.
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16
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Galievsky VA, Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina T, Mayer P, Zachariasse KA. Presence and Absence of Excited State Intramolecular Charge Transfer with the Six Isomers of Dicyano-N,N-dimethylaniline and Dicyano-(N-methyl-N-isopropyl)aniline. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10823-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2045614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Galievsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Attila Demeter
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Chan CTL, Cheng CCW, Ho KYF, Kwok WM. Femtosecond broadband time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption study of the intramolecular charge transfer state of methyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16306-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Carlotti B, Spalletti A, Šindler-Kulyk M, Elisei F. Ultrafast photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer in push–pull distyryl furan and benzofuran: solvent and molecular structure effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4519-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02337j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Galievsky VA, Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Mayer P, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina TA, Zachariasse KA. Ultrafast Intramolecular Charge Transfer with N-(4-Cyanophenyl)carbazole. Evidence for a LE Precursor and Dual LE + ICT Fluorescence. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12622-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Galievsky
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Attila Demeter
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Peter Mayer
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
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Kienle M, Wagner AJ, Dunst C, Knochel P. Preparation of Heterocyclic Amines by an Oxidative Amination of Zinc Organometallics Mediated by CuI: A New Oxidative Cycloamination for the Preparation of Annulated Indole Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sonoda Y, Tsuzuki S, Goto M, Tohnai N, Yoshida M. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Properties of Nitro-Substituted Diphenylpolyenes: Effects of Intramolecular Planarization and Intermolecular Interactions in Crystals. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:172-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907441p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Sonoda
- Nanotechnology Research Institute and Technical Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Institute of Computational Sciences, AIST, Umezono 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Nanotechnology Research Institute and Technical Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Institute of Computational Sciences, AIST, Umezono 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Midori Goto
- Nanotechnology Research Institute and Technical Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Institute of Computational Sciences, AIST, Umezono 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Nanotechnology Research Institute and Technical Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Institute of Computational Sciences, AIST, Umezono 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Nanotechnology Research Institute and Technical Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Institute of Computational Sciences, AIST, Umezono 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zachariasse KA, Druzhinin SI, Galievsky VA, Kovalenko S, Senyushkina TA, Mayer P, Noltemeyer M, Boggio-Pasqua M, Robb MA. Counterintuitive Absence of an Excited-State Intramolecular Charge Transfer Reaction with 2,4,6-Tricyanoanilines. Experimental and Computational Results. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2693-710. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8078925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Victor A. Galievsky
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Sergey Kovalenko
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Peter Mayer
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Mathias Noltemeyer
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Michael A. Robb
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
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Druzhinin SI, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina TA, Demeter A, Machinek R, Noltemeyer M, Zachariasse KA. Intramolecular Charge Transfer with the Planarized 4-Cyanofluorazene and Its Flexible Counterpart 4-Cyano-N-phenylpyrrole. Picosecond Fluorescence Decays and Femtosecond Excited-State Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8238-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8037413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Attila Demeter
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Reinhard Machinek
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Mathias Noltemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
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Shaikh M, Mohanty J, Bhasikuttan AC, Pal H. Tuning dual emission behavior of p-dialkylaminobenzonitriles by supramolecular interactions with cyclodextrin hosts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:979-85. [DOI: 10.1039/b719518d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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