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Theodoridis A, Papamokos G, Wiesenfeldt MP, Wollenburg M, Müllen K, Glorius F, Floudas G. Polarity Matters: Dielectric Relaxation in All- cis-Multifluorinated Cycloalkanes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3700-3709. [PMID: 33818098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polarity of all-cis-multifluorinated cyclohexanes can be fine-tuned by the number and relative orientation of fluoro substituents, giving rise to a series of compounds with strong dipole moments. Simulations provided the energetics, the dipole moments, and the respective molecular polarizabilities, while dielectric spectroscopy gave information on the dielectric permittivities and the molecular dynamics. In special cases, dipole moments in excess of 6 D and dielectric permittivities of over 300 were obtained by simulation and experiment. Melting temperatures within a given family of multifluorinated cyclohexanes were found to scale with the molecular volume. The less-symmetric all-cis-octafluorotetrahydronaphthalene did not readily crystallize, permitting an investigation of the molecular dynamics in an energetically unfavorable yet rigid and facially polarized isomer. The resulting dynamics above the glass temperature conform to the structural α-relaxation and to the celebrated Johari-Goldstein β-relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Papamokos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mario P Wiesenfeldt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Wollenburg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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2
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Dumslaff B, Reuss AN, Wagner M, Feng X, Narita A, Fytas G, Müllen K. Kovalent gebundene, ineinander verkettete Cyclohexa-m
-phenylene und ihre Selbstorganisation: Auf dem Weg zu supramolekularen 3D-Kohlenstoffnanostrukturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Dumslaff
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Anna N. Reuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- TU Dresden; Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Professur für Molekulare Funktionsmaterialien; 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - George Fytas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- IESL-FO.R.T.H; 71110 Heraklion Griechenland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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3
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Dumslaff B, Reuss AN, Wagner M, Feng X, Narita A, Fytas G, Müllen K. Covalently Interlocked Cyclohexa-m-phenylenes and Their Assembly: En Route to Supramolecular 3D Carbon Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10602-10606. [PMID: 28675616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In our search to cluster as many phenylene units as possible in a given space, we have proceeded to the three-dimensional world of benzene-based molecules by employing covalently interlocked cyclohexa-m-phenylenes, as present in the unique paddlewheel-shaped polyphenylene 10. A precursor was conceived, in which freely rotating m-chlorophenylene units provide sufficient solubility along with the necessary proximity for the final ring closure to give 10. Monitoring the assembly of solubilized tert-butyl derivatives of 10 into supramolecular carbon nanostructures by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS) revealed the dimensions of the initially formed aggregates as well as the amorphous character of the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna N Reuss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,IESL-FO.R.T.H, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Theodoratou A, Jonas U, Loppinet B, Geue T, Stangenberg R, Keller R, Li D, Berger R, Vermant J, Vlassopoulos D. Semifluorinated Alkanes at the Air-Water Interface: Tailoring Structure and Rheology at the Molecular Scale. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3139-3151. [PMID: 26978461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Semifluorinated alkanes form monolayers with interesting properties at the air-water interface due to their pronounced amphi-solvophobic nature and the stiffness of the fluorocarbons. In the present work, using a combination of structural and dynamic probes, we investigated how small molecular changes can be used to control the properties of such an interface, in particular its organization, rheology, and reversibility during compression-expansion cycles. Starting from a reference system perfluor(dodecyl)dodecane, we first retained the linear structure but changed the linkage groups between the alkyl chains and the fluorocarbons, by introducing either a phenyl group or two oxygens. Next, the molecular structure was changed from linear to branched, with four side chains (two fluorocarbons and two hydrocarbons) connected to extended aromatic cores. Neutron reflectivity at the air-water interface and scanning force microscopy on deposited films show how the changes in the molecular structure affect molecular arrangement relative to the interface. Rheological and compression-expansion measurements demonstrate the significant consequences of these changes in molecular structure and interactions on the interfacial properties. Remarkably, even with these simple molecules, a wide range of surface rheological behaviors can be engineered, from viscous over viscoelastic to brittle solids, for very similar values of the surface pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Theodoratou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete , 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas Geue
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rene Stangenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rabea Keller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete , 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Theodoratou A, Jonas U, Loppinet B, Geue T, Stangenberg R, Li D, Berger R, Vlassopoulos D. Photoswitching the mechanical properties in Langmuir layers of semifluorinated alkyl-azobenzenes at the air-water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:28844-52. [PMID: 26451399 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Semifluorinated alkyl-azobenzene derivatives (SFAB) can form stable Langmuir layers at the air-water interface. These systems combine the amphiphobic character of semifluorinated alkyl units as structure-directing motifs with photochromic behavior based on the well-known reversible cis-trans isomerization upon irradiation with UV and visible light. Herein, we report our investigations of the structural and dynamic tunability of these SFAB layers at the air-water interface in response to an external light stimulus. The monolayer structures and properties of [4-(heptadecafluorooctyl)phenyl](4-octylphenyl)diazene (F8-azo-H8) and bis(4-octylphenyl)diazene (H8-azo-H8) were studied by neutron reflectivity, surface pressure-area isotherms with compression-expansion cycles, and interfacial rheology. We find that UV irradiation reversibly influences the packing behavior of the azobenzene molecules and interpret this as a transition from organized layer structures with the main axis of the molecule vertically oriented in the trans form to random packing of the cis isomer. Interestingly, this trans-cis isomerization leads to an increase in surface pressure, which is accompanied by a decrease in viscoelastic moduli. These results suggest ways of tailoring the properties of responsive fluid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Theodoratou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Greece and University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Greece and University of Siegen, Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas Geue
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Dan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Greece and University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Tsourtou FD, Alexiadis O, Mavrantzas VG, Kolonias V, Housos E. Atomistic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation of the bulk phase self-assembly of semifluorinated alkanes. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Switchable dielectric permittivity with temperature and Dc-bias in a semifluorinated azobenzene derivative. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Elmahdy MM, Clark CG, Butt HJ, Müllen K, Floudas G. Dynamics and Kinetics of Structure Formation in Molecularly Tethered Fluorocarbon/Hydrocarbon Amphiphiles. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13812-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309465z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Elmahdy
- Department of Physics,
University
of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina and Foundation for Research and Technology-Biomedical
Research Institute, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C. G. Clark
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H.-J. Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G. Floudas
- Department of Physics,
University
of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina and Foundation for Research and Technology-Biomedical
Research Institute, Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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de Viguerie L, Keller R, Jonas U, Berger R, Clark CG, Klein CO, Geue T, Müllen K, Butt HJ, Vlassopoulos D. Effect of the molecular structure on the hierarchical self-assembly of semifluorinated alkanes at the air/water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8776-8786. [PMID: 21671602 DOI: 10.1021/la201377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Semifluorinated alkanes (C(n)F(2n+1)C(m)H(2m+1)), short FnHm display local phase separation of mutually incompatible hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chain moieties, which has been utilized as a structure-forming motif in supramolecular architectures. The packing of semifluorinated alkanes, nominally based on dodecyl subunits, such as perfluoro(dodecyl)dodecane (F12H12) and perfluoro(dodecyl)eicosane (F12H20), as well as a core extended analogue, 1,4-dibromo-2-((perfluoroundecyl)methoxy)-5-(dodecyloxy)benzene) (F11H1-core-H12), was studied at the air/water interface. Langmuir monolayers were investigated by means of neutron reflectivity directly at the air/water interface and scanning force microscopy after transfer to silicon wafers. Narrowly disperse surface micelles formed in all three cases; however, they were found to bear different morphologies with respect to molecular orientation and assembly dimensionality, which gives rise to different hierarchical aggregate topologies. For F12H12, micelles of ca. 30 nm in diameter, composed of several circular or "spherical cap" substructures, were observed and a monolayer model with the fluorocarbon block oriented toward air is proposed. F12H20 molecules formed larger (ca. 50 nm diameter) hexagonally shaped surface micelles that were hexagonally, densely packed, besides more elongated but tightly interlocked wormlike structures. Conversely, F11H1-core-H12 films organized into linear rows of elongated surface micelles with comparable width, but an average length of ca. 400 nm, apparently formed by antiparallel molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence de Viguerie
- Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Chemistry, physical chemistry, and uses of molecular fluorocarbon--hydrocarbon diblocks, triblocks, and related compounds--unique "apolar" components for self-assembled colloid and interface engineering. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1714-92. [PMID: 19296687 DOI: 10.1021/cr800260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (SOFFT-CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France.
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Clark CG, Floudas GA, Lee YJ, Graf R, Spiess HW, Müllen K. Molecularly Tethered Amphiphiles as 3-D Supramolecular Assembly Platforms: Unlocking a Trapped Conformation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8537-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Clark
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - George A. Floudas
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
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13
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Lee YJ, Clark CG, Graf R, Wagner M, Müllen K, Spiess HW. Solid-State Organization of Semifluorinated Alkanes Probed by 19F MAS NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:1360-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808406e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Lee
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher G. Clark
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Wolfgang Spiess
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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