1
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Lee S, Ree J. Effects of the Substituents on the Energy Flow of Toluene Derivatives in Collisions with N
2
and O
2. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su‐jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry EducationChonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
| | - Jongbaik Ree
- Department of Chemistry EducationChonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
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2
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Jusko P, Simon A, Banhatti S, Brünken S, Joblin C. Direct Evidence of the Benzylium and Tropylium Cations as the Two Long-Lived Isomers of C 7 H 7. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3182-3185. [PMID: 30238585 PMCID: PMC6420061 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Disentangling the isomeric structure of C7 H7 + is a longstanding experimental issue. We report here the full mid-infrared vibrational spectrum of C7 H7 + tagged with Ne obtained with infrared-predissociation spectroscopy at 10 K. Saturation depletion measurements were used to assign the contribution of benzylium and tropylium isomers and demonstrate that no other isomer is involved. Recorded spectral features compare well with density functional theory calculations. This opens perspectives for a better understanding and control of the formation paths leading to either tropylium or benzylium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Jusko
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shreyak Banhatti
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Sandra Brünken
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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3
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Jeong YJ, Ree J, Kim YH, Shin HK. Energy Transfer and Bond Dissociation in the o
-chlorotoluene + H 2
/Cl 2
/HCl Collisions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jongbaik Ree
- Department of Chemistry Education; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Yoo Hang Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Shin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nevada; Reno Nevada 89557 USA
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4
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Choe JC. Does the m-Nitrotoluene Cation Isomerize to the o- and p-Isomers before Dissociation? B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joong Chul Choe
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Seoul 04620 Korea
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5
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Bauer CA, Grimme S. How to Compute Electron Ionization Mass Spectra from First Principles. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3755-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Alexander Bauer
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical
Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical
Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Morsa D, Gabelica V, Rosu F, Oomens J, De Pauw E. Dissociation Pathways of Benzylpyridinium "Thermometer" Ions Depend on the Activation Regime: An IRMPD Spectroscopy Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3787-3791. [PMID: 26278748 DOI: 10.1021/jz501903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of benzylpyridinium "thermometer" ions is widely used to calibrate the internal energy of ions produced in mass spectrometry. The fragmentation mechanism is usually believed to yield a benzylium cation, although recent studies suggest the possibility of a rearrangement leading to the tropylium isomer, which would compromise the accuracy of energy calibrations. In this study, we used IRMPD spectroscopy to probe the dissociation pathways of the p-(tert-butyl)benzylpyridinium ion. Our results show that the formation of both benzylium and tropylium products is feasible depending on the activation regime and on the reaction time scale. Varying the trapping delays in the hexapole gives insight into a rearrangement mechanism occurring through consecutive reactions with an isomerization from benzylium to tropylium. Our work provides experimental validations for the established calibration procedure and highlights the adequacy of IRMPD spectroscopy to qualitatively resolve gas-phase rearrangement kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Morsa
- †Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liege, B6c Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- †Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liege, B6c Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- †Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liege, B6c Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jos Oomens
- ‡Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- §Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- †Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liege, B6c Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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7
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Seo J, Kim SJ, Shin SK. Energy- and Time-Dependent Branching to Competing Paths in Coupled Unimolecular Dissociations of Chlorotoluene Radical Cations. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.3.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Seo J, Kim SJ, Shin SK. Coupled unimolecular dissociation kinetics of bromotoluene radical cations. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11924-32. [PMID: 23914840 DOI: 10.1021/jp4031442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The unimolecular dissociations of o-, m-, and p-bromotoluene radical cations to C7H7(+) (benzylium and tropylium) are examined by considering the coupling of the three isomers in the dissociation pathways. The potential energy surface obtained from ab initio calculations suggests the interconversion of isomers through methylene and hydrogen migrations on the ring. The rate equations for each isomer are combined together to form a rate matrix for coupled reactions. The rate matrix contains the microcanonical rate constants for all elementary steps, which are calculated using Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory based on the molecular parameters obtained from density functional theory. The unimolecular dissociation rates for coupled reactions are determined by numerically solving the matrix equation. As a result of reaction coupling, the product branching ratio becomes time-dependent and the reaction rates of three isomers become parallel to one another as the energy increases, although their initial rates differently vary with energy. The calculated rate-energy curves fall below the time-resolved photodissociation data in the energy range 2.2-2.7 eV but are in line with the photoelectron photoion coincidence data in the energy range 2.7-3.5 eV. The discrepancy between experiment and theory in the low-energy region is ascribed to the uncertainties of the potential energy surface as well as the contribution of the radiative relaxation rate that has not been taken into account in the theoretical calculations. The rate-energy curves are then used to calculate the thermal reaction rate constants, and the Arrhenius parameters are determined in the temperature range 700-1300 K. Comparison of the activation energy and entropy obtained from the Arrhenius plot with the calculated enthalpy and entropy changes between the reactant and the highest-lying transition state suggests that a series of [1,2] H-atom migrations occurring near the entrance comprise the rate-determining steps and the subsequent [1,2] H-atom migrations play an important role in increasing the activation energy and decreasing the entropy by reducing the net flux to the exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Korea 789-784
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9
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Choe JC. Does the Gaseous Aniline Cation Isomerize to Methylpyridine Cations Before Dissociation? B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Dryza V, Chalyavi N, Sanelli JA, Bieske EJ. Electronic absorptions of the benzylium cation. J Chem Phys 2013. [PMID: 23206000 DOI: 10.1063/1.4767402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic transitions of the benzylium cation (Bz(+)) are investigated over the 250-550 nm range by monitoring the photodissociation of mass-selected C(7)H(7)(+)-Ar(n) (n = 1, 2) complexes in a tandem mass spectrometer. The Bz(+)-Ar spectrum displays two distinct band systems, the S(1)←S(0) band system extending from 370 to 530 nm with an origin at 19,067 ± 15 cm(-1), and a much stronger S(3)←S(0) band system extending from 270 to 320 nm with an origin at 32,035 ± 15 cm(-1). Whereas the S(1)←S(0) absorption exhibits well resolved vibrational progressions, the S(3)←S(0) absorption is broad and relatively structureless. Vibronic structure of the S(1)←S(0) system, which is interpreted with the aid of time-dependent density functional theory and Franck-Condon simulations, reflects the activity of four totally symmetric ring deformation modes (ν(5), ν(6), ν(9), ν(13)). We find no evidence for the ultraviolet absorption of the tropylium cation, which according to the neon matrix spectrum should occur over the 260 - 275 nm range [A. Nagy, J. Fulara, I. Garkusha, and J. Maier, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 50, 3022 (2011)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoras Dryza
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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Vallejo Narváez WE, Bacca Villota PV, Solano Espinoza EA. Relationships between DFT/RRKM Branching Ratios of the Complementary Fragment Ions [C5H5O]+ and [M – C5H5O]+ and Relative Abundances in the EI Mass Spectrum of N-(2-Furylmethyl)aniline. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12136-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer E. Vallejo Narváez
- Laboratorio
de Química Teórica (LQT),
Departamento de Química, Universidad de Nariño, Sede Torobajo, Calle 18 Carrera 50, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Paula V. Bacca Villota
- Laboratorio
de Química Teórica (LQT),
Departamento de Química, Universidad de Nariño, Sede Torobajo, Calle 18 Carrera 50, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Eduardo A. Solano Espinoza
- Laboratorio
de Química Teórica (LQT),
Departamento de Química, Universidad de Nariño, Sede Torobajo, Calle 18 Carrera 50, Pasto, Colombia
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12
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Jung SH, Yim MK, Choe JC. Loss of HCN from the Pyrazine Molecular Ion: A Theoretical Study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.7.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Nagy A, Fulara J, Garkusha I, Maier JP. On the benzylium/tropylium ion dichotomy: electronic absorption spectra in neon matrices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3022-5. [PMID: 21404390 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nagy
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Nagy A, Fulara J, Garkusha I, Maier JP. On the Benzylium/Tropylium Ion Dichotomy: Electronic Absorption Spectra in Neon Matrices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Bouchoux G, Winter JD, Flammang R, Gerbaux P. Aromatic Substitution Reactions between Ionized Benzene Derivatives and Neutral Methyl Isocyanide. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7408-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, UMR CNRS 7651, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Julien De Winter
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, CISMa, University of Mons-UMons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Robert Flammang
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, CISMa, University of Mons-UMons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, CISMa, University of Mons-UMons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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