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Li J, Li Y, Wu B, Xie M, Hu Y. Proton Transfer Processes in 2-Butenenitrile Dimer Cation Studied by Mass-Selective Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4694-4700. [PMID: 38833155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
2-Butenenitrile (2-Bu) is a recently discovered crucial interstellar molecule. Herein, an abnormal NH band was observed in the infrared spectrum of the 2-Bu dimer cation, suggestive of a proton transfer reaction within the cluster. Through a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the IR spectrum of (2-Bu)2+, we discovered not only the formation of a new C-N bond through the attachment of one 2-Bu to another but also the occurrence of a proton transfer reaction in the cluster. This proton was identified as originating from the methyl group of the attaching 2-Bu in the cluster based on the analysis of IR spectra of (2-Bu)+ and [2-Bu-acrylonitrile (AN)]+. Furthermore, the detailed reaction process of this ion-molecule reaction is examined with theoretical calculation. This finding contributes significantly to our deeper understanding of ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase and the formation of nitrogen-containing prebiotic molecules in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yujian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Min Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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2
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Goettl SJ, He C, Paul D, Nikolayev AA, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas-Phase Study of the Elementary Reaction of the D1-Ethynyl Radical (C 2D; X 2Σ +) with Propylene (C 3H 6; X 1A') under Single-Collision Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1889-1898. [PMID: 35289624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bimolecular gas-phase reactions of the D1-ethynyl radical (C2D; X2Σ+) with propylene (C3H6; X1A') and partially substituted D3-3,3,3-propylene (C2H3CD3; X1A') were studied under single collision conditions utilizing the crossed molecular beams technique. Combining our laboratory data with electronic structure and statistical calculations, the D1-ethynyl radical is found to add without barrier to the C1 and C2 carbons of the propylene reactant, resulting in doublet C5H6D intermediate(s) with lifetime(s) longer than their rotational period(s). These intermediates undergo isomerization and unimolecular decomposition via atomic hydrogen loss through tight exit transition states forming predominantly cis/trans-3-penten-1-yne ((HCC)CH═CH(CH3)) and, to a minor amount, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yne ((HCC)C(CH3)═CH2) via overall exoergic reactions. Although the title reaction does not lead to the cyclopentadiene molecule (c-C5H6, X1A1), high-temperature environments can convert the identified acyclic C5H6 isomers through hydrogen atom assisted isomerization to cyclopentadiene (c-C5H6, X1A1). Since both the ethynyl radical and propylene reactants have been observed in cold interstellar environments such as TMC-1 and the reaction is exoergic and all barriers lie below the energy of the separated reactants, these C5H6 product isomers are predicted to form in those low-temperature regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Dababrata Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Nikolayev
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russian Federation.,Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy N Azyazov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russian Federation.,Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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3
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Sleiman C, El Dib G, Rosi M, Skouteris D, Balucani N, Canosa A. Low temperature kinetics and theoretical studies of the reaction CN + CH 3NH 2: a potential source of cyanamide and methyl cyanamide in the interstellar medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5478-5489. [PMID: 29082409 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between cyano radicals (which are ubiquitous in interstellar clouds) and methylamine (a molecule detected in various interstellar sources) has been investigated in a synergistic experimental and theoretical study. The reaction has been found to be very fast in the entire range of temperatures investigated (23-297 K) by using a CRESU apparatus coupled to pulsed laser photolysis - laser induced fluorescence. The global experimental rate coefficient is given by In addition, dedicated electronic structure calculations of the underlying potential energy surface have been performed, together with capture theory and RRKM calculations. The experimental data have been interpreted in the light of the theoretical calculations and the product branching ratio has been established. According to the present study, in the range of temperatures investigated the title reaction is an efficient interstellar route of formation of cyanamide, NH2CN, another interstellar species. The second most important channel is the one leading to methyl cyanamide, CH3NHCN (an isomer of aminoacetonitrile), via a CN/H exchange mechanism with a yield of 12% of the global reaction in the entire range of temperatures explored. For a possible inclusion in future astrochemical models we suggest, by referring to the usual expression the following values: α = 3.68 × 10-12 cm3 molec-1 s-1, β = -1.80, γ = 7.79 K for the channel leading to NH2CN + CH3; α = 5.05 × 10-13 cm3 molec-1 s-1, β = -1.82, γ = 7.93 K for the channel leading to CH3NHCN + H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Sleiman
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251 du CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Bat. 11C, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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4
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Yang T, Dangi BB, Kaiser RI, Bertels LW, Head-Gordon M. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Formation of the 2-Methyl-1-silacycloprop-2-enylidene Molecule via the Crossed Beam Reactions of the Silylidyne Radical (SiH; X(2)Π) with Methylacetylene (CH3CCH; X(1)A1) and D4-Methylacetylene (CD3CCD; X(1)A1). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4872-83. [PMID: 26837568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bimolecular gas-phase reactions of the ground-state silylidyne radical (SiH; X(2)Π) with methylacetylene (CH3CCH; X(1)A1) and D4-methylacetylene (CD3CCD; X(1)A1) were explored at collision energies of 30 kJ mol(-1) under single-collision conditions exploiting the crossed molecular beam technique and complemented by electronic structure calculations. These studies reveal that the reactions follow indirect scattering dynamics, have no entrance barriers, and are initiated by the addition of the silylidyne radical to the carbon-carbon triple bond of the methylacetylene molecule either to one carbon atom (C1; [i1]/[i2]) or to both carbon atoms concurrently (C1-C2; [i3]). The collision complexes [i1]/[i2] eventually isomerize via ring-closure to the c-SiC3H5 doublet radical intermediate [i3], which is identified as the decomposing reaction intermediate. The hydrogen atom is emitted almost perpendicularly to the rotational plane of the fragmenting complex resulting in a sideways scattering dynamics with the reaction being overall exoergic by -12 ± 11 kJ mol(-1) (experimental) and -1 ± 3 kJ mol(-1) (computational) to form the cyclic 2-methyl-1-silacycloprop-2-enylidene molecule (c-SiC3H4; p1). In line with computational data, experiments of silylidyne with D4-methylacetylene (CD3CCD; X(1)A1) depict that the hydrogen is emitted solely from the silylidyne moiety but not from methylacetylene. The dynamics are compared to those of the related D1-silylidyne (SiD; X(2)Π)-acetylene (HCCH; X(1)Σg(+)) reaction studied previously in our group, and from there, we discovered that the methyl group acts primarily as a spectator in the title reaction. The formation of 2-methyl-1-silacycloprop-2-enylidene under single-collision conditions via a bimolecular gas-phase reaction augments our knowledge of the hitherto poorly understood silylidyne (SiH; X(2)Π) radical reactions with small hydrocarbon molecules leading to the synthesis of organosilicon molecules in cold molecular clouds and in carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Beni B Dangi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Luke W Bertels
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Trevitt AJ, Goulay F. Insights into gas-phase reaction mechanisms of small carbon radicals using isomer-resolved product detection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5867-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase radical reactions of CN and CH with small hydrocarbons are overviewed with emphasis on isomer-resolved product detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Fabien Goulay
- Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
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6
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Maity S, Dangi BB, Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Lin HM, E HP, Sun BJ, Chang AHH. Combined crossed molecular beam and ab initio investigation of the reaction of boron monoxide (BO; X(2)Σ(+)) with 1,3-butadiene (CH2CHCHCH2; X(1)Ag) and its deuterated counterparts. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1094-107. [PMID: 25626151 DOI: 10.1021/jp511715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the boron monoxide ((11)BO; X(2)Σ(+)) radical with 1,3-butadiene (CH2CHCHCH2; X(1)Ag) and its partially deuterated counterparts, 1,3-butadiene-d2 (CH2CDCDCH2; X(1)Ag) and 1,3-butadiene-d4 (CD2CHCHCD2; X(1)Ag), were investigated under single collision conditions exploiting a crossed molecular beams machine. The experimental data were combined with the state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure calculations and statistical RRKM calculations to investigate the underlying chemical reaction dynamics and reaction mechanisms computationally. Our investigations revealed that the reaction followed indirect scattering dynamics through the formation of (11)BOC4H6 doublet radical intermediates via the barrierless addition of the (11)BO radical to the terminal carbon atom (C1/C4) and/or the central carbon atom (C2/C3) of 1,3-butadiene. The resulting long-lived (11)BOC4H6 intermediate(s) underwent isomerization and/or unimolecular decomposition involving eventually at least two distinct atomic hydrogen loss pathways to 1,3-butadienyl-1-oxoboranes (CH2CHCHCH(11)BO) and 1,3-butadienyl-2-oxoboranes (CH2C ((11)BO)CHCH2) in overall exoergic reactions via tight exit transition states. Utilizing partially deuterated 1,3-butadiene-d2 and -d4, we revealed that the hydrogen loss from the methylene moiety (CH2) dominated with 70 ± 10% compared to an atomic hydrogen loss from the methylidyne group (CH) of only 30 ± 10%; these data agree nicely with the theoretically predicted branching ratio of 80% versus 19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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7
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Maity S, Dangi BB, Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, An Y, Sun BJ, Chang AHH. Combined crossed molecular beam and ab initio investigation of the multichannel reaction of boron monoxide (BO; X2Σ+) with Propylene (CH3CHCH2; X1A'): competing atomic hydrogen and methyl loss pathways. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9632-45. [PMID: 25238644 DOI: 10.1021/jp507001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction dynamics of boron monoxide ((11)BO; X(2)Σ(+)) with propylene (CH(3)CHCH(2); X(1)A') were investigated under single collision conditions at a collision energy of 22.5 ± 1.3 kJ mol(-1). The crossed molecular beam investigation combined with ab initio electronic structure and statistical (RRKM) calculations reveals that the reaction follows indirect scattering dynamics and proceeds via the barrierless addition of boron monoxide radical with its radical center located at the boron atom. This addition takes place to either the terminal carbon atom (C1) and/or the central carbon atom (C2) of propylene reactant forming (11)BOC(3)H(6) intermediate(s). The long-lived (11)BOC(3)H(6) doublet intermediate(s) underwent unimolecular decomposition involving at least three competing reaction mechanisms via an atomic hydrogen loss from the vinyl group, an atomic hydrogen loss from the methyl group, and a methyl group elimination to form cis-/trans-1-propenyl-oxo-borane (CH(3)CHCH(11)BO), 3-propenyl-oxo-borane (CH(2)CHCH(2)(11)BO), and ethenyl-oxo-borane (CH(2)CH(11)BO), respectively. Utilizing partially deuterated propylene (CD(3)CHCH(2) and CH(3)CDCD(2)), we reveal that the loss of a vinyl hydrogen atom is the dominant hydrogen elimination pathway (85 ± 10%) forming cis-/trans-1-propenyl-oxo-borane, compared to the loss of a methyl hydrogen atom (15 ± 10%) leading to 3-propenyl-oxo-borane. The branching ratios for an atomic hydrogen loss from the vinyl group, an atomic hydrogen loss from the methyl group, and a methyl group loss are experimentally derived to be 26 ± 8%:5 ± 3%:69 ± 15%, respectively; these data correlate nicely with the branching ratios calculated via RRKM theory of 19%:5%:75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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8
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Sun BJ, Huang CH, Chen SY, Chen SH, Kaiser RI, Chang AHH. Theoretical Study on Reaction Mechanism of Ground-State Cyano Radical with 1,3-Butadiene: Prospect of Pyridine Formation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7715-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5056864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No.1 Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - C. H. Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No.1 Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - S. Y. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No.1 Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - S. H. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No.1 Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - R. I. Kaiser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - A. H. H. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No.1 Sec. 2 Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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9
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Maity S, Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Ganoe B, Fau S, Perera A, Bartlett RJ. Gas-Phase Synthesis of Boronylallene (H 2CCCH(BO)) under Single Collision Conditions: A Crossed Molecular Beams and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3810-3819. [PMID: 24806514 DOI: 10.1021/jp501595n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase reaction between the boron monoxide radical (11BO; X2Σ+) and allene (H2CCCH2; X1A1) was investigated experimentally under single collision conditions using the crossed molecular beam technique and theoretically exploiting ab initio electronic structure and statistical (RRKM) calculations. The reaction was found to follow indirect (complex forming) scattering dynamics and proceeded via the formation of a van der Waals complex (11BOC3H4). This complex isomerized via addition of the boron monoxide radical (11BO; X2Σ+) with the radical center located at the boron atom to the terminal carbon atom of the allene molecule forming a H2CCCH211BO intermediate on the doublet surface. The chemically activated H2CCCH211BO intermediate underwent unimolecular decomposition via atomic hydrogen elimination from the terminal carbon atom holding the boronyl group through a tight exit transition state to synthesize the boronylallene product (H2CCCH11BO) in a slightly exoergic reaction (55 ± 11 kJ mol-1). Statistical (RRKM) calculations suggest that minor reaction channels lead to the products 3-propynyloxoborane (CH2(11BO)CCH) and 1-propynyloxoborane (CH3CC11BO) with fractions of 1.5% and 0.2%, respectively. The title reaction was also compared with the cyano (CN; X2Σ+)-allene and boronyl-methylacetylene reactions to probe similarities, but also differences of these isoelectronic systems. Our investigation presents a novel gas phase synthesis and characterization of a hitherto elusive organyloxoborane (RBO) monomer-boronylallene-which is inherently tricky to isolate in the condensed phase except in matrix studies; our work further demonstrates that the crossed molecular beams approach presents a useful tool in investigating the chemistry and synthesis of highly reactive organyloxoboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Dorian S N Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Brad Ganoe
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Stefan Fau
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ajith Perera
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rodney J Bartlett
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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10
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Jeilani YA, Nguyen HT, Newallo D, Dimandja JMD, Nguyen MT. Free radical routes for prebiotic formation of DNA nucleobases from formamide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:21084-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Trevitt AJ, Soorkia S, Savee JD, Selby TS, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA, Leone SR. Branching Fractions of the CN + C3H6 Reaction Using Synchrotron Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: Evidence for the 3-Cyanopropene Product. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13467-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208496r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Satchin Soorkia
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John D. Savee
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Talitha S. Selby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Washington County, West Bend, Wisconsin 53095, United States
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Maksyutenko P, Parker DSN, Zhang F, Kaiser RI. An LIF characterization of supersonic BO (X2Σ+) and CN (X2Σ+) radical sources for crossed beam studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:083107. [PMID: 21895233 DOI: 10.1063/1.3624695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various ablation sources generating supersonic boron monoxide (BO; X(2)Σ(+)) radical beams utilizing oxygen (O(2)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), methanol (CH(3)OH), and water (H(2)O) as seeding gases were characterized in a crossed molecular beams setup by mass resolved time-of-flight spectroscopy and spectroscopically via laser induced fluorescence. Intensities of the sources as well as rovibrational energy distributions were analyzed. The molecular oxygen source was found to produce excessive amount of an unwanted BO(2) byproduct. Internal vibrational energy of boron monoxide generated in the water and methanol sources was too high to be considered for the study of dynamics of ground state radicals. The best combination of intensity, purity, and low internal energy was found in the carbon dioxide source to generate boron monoxide. We successfully tested the boron monoxide (BO; X(2)Σ(+)) radical beam source in crossed beams reactions with acetylene (C(2)H(2)) and ethylene (C(2)H(4)). The source was also compared with supersonic beams of the isoelectronic cyano (CN; X(2)Σ(+)) radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Maksyutenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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13
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Bennett CJ, Morales SB, Le Picard SD, Canosa A, Sims IR, Shih YH, Chang AHH, Gu X, Zhang F, Kaiser RI. A chemical dynamics, kinetics, and theoretical study on the reaction of the cyano radical (CN; X2Σ+) with phenylacetylene (C6H5CCH; X1A1). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8737-49. [DOI: 10.1039/b925072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Huang CH, Kaiser RI, Chang AHH. Theoretical Study on the Reaction of Ground State Cyano Radical with Propylene in Titan’s Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:12675-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905081u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - R. I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - A. H. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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15
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Balucani N. Elementary reactions and their role in gas-phase prebiotic chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2304-2335. [PMID: 19564951 PMCID: PMC2695279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex organic molecules in a reactor filled with gaseous mixtures possibly reproducing the primitive terrestrial atmosphere and ocean demonstrated more than 50 years ago that inorganic synthesis of prebiotic molecules is possible, provided that some form of energy is provided to the system. After that groundbreaking experiment, gas-phase prebiotic molecules have been observed in a wide variety of extraterrestrial objects (including interstellar clouds, comets and planetary atmospheres) where the physical conditions vary widely. A thorough characterization of the chemical evolution of those objects relies on a multi-disciplinary approach: 1) observations allow us to identify the molecules and their number densities as they are nowadays; 2) the chemistry which lies behind their formation starting from atoms and simple molecules is accounted for by complex reaction networks; 3) for a realistic modeling of such networks, a number of experimental parameters are needed and, therefore, the relevant molecular processes should be fully characterized in laboratory experiments. A survey of the available literature reveals, however, that much information is still lacking if it is true that only a small percentage of the elementary reactions considered in the models have been characterized in laboratory experiments. New experimental approaches to characterize the relevant elementary reactions in laboratory are presented and the implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; E-Mail:
; Tel. +39-075-585-5513; Fax: +39-075-585-5606
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