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Ion mobility spectrometry: Current status and application for chemical warfare agents detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Okumura A. In-Line Ozonation for Sensitive Air-Monitoring of a Mustard-Gas Simulant by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1532-1537. [PMID: 26091887 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive method for real-time air-monitoring of mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD), which is a lethal blister agent, is proposed. Humidified air containing a HD simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2CEES), was mixed with ozone and then analyzed by using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometer. Mass-spectral ion peaks attributable to protonated molecules of intact, monooxygenated, and dioxygenated 2CEES (MH(+), MOH(+), and MO(2)H(+), respectively) were observed. As ozone concentration was increased from zero to 30 ppm, the signal intensity of MH(+) sharply decreased, that of MOH(+) increased once and then decreased, and that of MO(2)H(+) sharply increased until reaching a plateau. The signal intensity of MO(2)H(+) at the plateau was 40 times higher than that of MH(+) and 100 times higher than that of MOH(+) in the case without in-line ozonation. Twenty-ppm ozone gas was adequate to give a linear calibration curve for 2CEES obtained by detecting the MO(2)H(+) signal in the concentration range up to 60 μg/m(3), which is high enough for hygiene management. In the low concentration range lower than 3 μg/m(3), which is equal to the short-term exposure limit for HD, calibration plots unexpectedly fell off the linear calibration curve, but 0.6-μg/m(3) vapor was actually detected with the signal-to-noise ratio of nine. Ozone was generated from instrumentation air by using a simple and inexpensive home-made generator. 2CEES was ozonated in 1-m extended sampling tube in only 1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Okumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo, 185-8601, Japan,
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Okumura A, Takada Y, Watanabe S, Hashimoto H, Ezawa N, Seto Y, Sekiguchi H, Maruko H, Takayama Y, Sekioka R, Yamaguchi S, Kishi S, Satoh T, Kondo T, Nagashima H, Nagoya T. Real-Time Air Monitoring of Mustard Gas and Lewisite 1 by Detecting Their In-Line Reaction Products by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Counterflow Ion Introduction. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1314-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Okumura
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Takada
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Susumu Watanabe
- Hitachi
High-Tech
Solutions Corporation, Mito, Ibaraki 319-0316, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hashimoto
- Hitachi
High-Tech
Solutions Corporation, Mito, Ibaraki 319-0316, Japan
| | - Naoya Ezawa
- Hitachi, Ltd., Defense
Systems Company, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8608, Japan
| | - Yasuo Seto
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekiguchi
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hisashi Maruko
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takayama
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Ryoji Sekioka
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kishi
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takafumi Satoh
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tomohide Kondo
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Nagashima
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nagoya
- National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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Smith JN, Noll RJ, Cooks RG. Facility monitoring of chemical warfare agent simulants in air using an automated, field-deployable, miniature mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1437-1444. [PMID: 21504010 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vapors of four chemical warfare agent (CWA) stimulants, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), diethyl malonate (DEM), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and methyl salicylate (MeS), were detected, identified, and quantitated using a fully automated, field-deployable, miniature mass spectrometer. Samples were ionized using a glow discharge electron ionization (GDEI) source, and ions were mass analyzed with a cylindrical ion trap (CIT) mass analyzer. A dual-tube thermal desorption system was used to trap compounds on 50:50 Tenax TA/Carboxen 569 sorbent before their thermal release. The sample concentrations ranged from low parts per billion [ppb] to two parts per million [ppm]. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.26 to 5.0 ppb. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are presented for each analyte. A sample of CEES at low ppb concentration was combined separately with two interferents, bleach (saturated vapor) and diesel fuel exhaust (1%), as a way to explore the capability of detecting the simulant in an environmental matrix. Also investigated was a mixture of the four CWA simulants (at concentrations in air ranging from 270 to 380 ppb). Tandem mass (MS/MS) spectral data were used to identify and quantify the individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonell N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Bera NC, Maeda S, Morokuma K, Viggiano AA. Theoretical Proton Affinity and Fluoride Affinity of Nerve Agent VX. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13189-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107718w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan C. Bera
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, United States
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, United States
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, United States
| | - Al A. Viggiano
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States, and Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, United States
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Midey AJ, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Bera NC, Maeda S, Morokuma K. Ion Chemistry of VX Surrogates and Ion Energetics Properties of VX: New Suggestions for VX Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3764-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Midey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas M. Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A. A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Narayan C. Bera
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Midey AJ, Miller TM, Viggiano AA. Kinetics of Ion−Molecule Reactions with Dimethyl Methylphosphonate at 298 K for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection of GX. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4982-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Midey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - Thomas M. Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - A. A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
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