Magnetic Interactions in Two Heterobridged Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes: Orbital Complementarity or Countercomplementarity?

Theoretical Study on Magnetic Interaction in Pyrazole-Bridged Dinuclear Metal Complex: Possibility of Intramolecular Ferromagnetic Interaction by Orbital Counter-Complementarity

A possibility of the intramolecular ferromagnetic (FM) interaction in pyrazole-bridged dinuclear Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) complexes is examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When azide is used for additional bridging ligand, the complexes indicate the strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) interaction, while the AFM interaction becomes very weak when acetate ligand is used. In the acetate-bridged complexes, an energy split of the frontier orbitals suggests the orbital counter-complementarity effect between the dxy orbital pair, which contributes to the FM interaction; however, a significant overlap of other d-orbital pairs also suggests an existence of the AFM interaction. From those results, the orbital counter-complementarity effect is considered to be canceled out by the overlap of other d-orbital pairs.

A simple methodology for constructing ferromagnetically coupled Cr(iii) compounds

A large family of chromium(iii) dimers has been synthesised and magneto-structurally characterised using a combination of carboxylate and diethanolamine type ligands. The compounds have the general formula [Cr2(R1-deaH)2(O2CR2)Cl2]Cl where R1 = Me and R2 = H (1), Me (2), CMe3 (3), Ph (4), 3,5-(Cl)2Ph (5), (Me)5Ph (6), R1 = Et and R2 = H (7), Ph (8). The compound [Cr2(Me-deaH)2Cl4] (9) was synthesised in order to study the effect of removing/adding the carboxylate bridge on the observed magnetic behaviour. Direct current (DC) magnetic susceptibility measurements showed ferromagnetic (FM) exchange interactions between the Cr(iii) centres in the carboxylate bridged family with coupling constants in the range +0.37 < J < +8.02 cm-1. Removal of the carboxylate to produce the dialkoxide-bridged compound 9 resulted in antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange between the Cr(iii) ions. DFT calculations reveal the ferromagnetic exchange is the result of an orbital counter-complementarity effect occuring upon introduction of the bridging carboxylate.

Predetermined Ferromagnetic Coupling via Strict Control of M-O-M Angles

An imidazolidine-phenolate ligand HL yields quadruple-bridged (μ-NCN_{imidazolidine})₂(μ-O_phenolate)₂ ferromagnetic dinuclear nickel and cobalt complexes. Both kinds of bridges contribute to the ferromagnetic coupling, but the ferromagnetism of these samples is mainly ascribed to the double μ-O_phenolate links, on the basis of density functional theory calculations. These studies demonstrate not only that the short M-O-M angles of the M₂O₂ cores favors the parallel alignment of the electrons but also that these angles are the optimal ones for maximizing the ferromagnetic contribution in these complexes. And these acute angles, close to 90°, are predetermined by the geometrical constrictions imposed by the ligand itself. Thus, HL is an uncommon polydentate donor that induces ferromagnetism per se in its metal complexes by strict control of one geometric parameter, the M-O-M angle.

Four linear Cu(II)3 subunit-based coordination polymers with various inter-subunit connections, spin ground-states and intra-/inter-subunit magnetic couplings

Four new 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (atr)-based coordination polymers, {[Cu2(atr)(H2O)(μ-OH)2(pa)]·H2O}n (), {[Cu3(atr)2(H2O)2(μ-OH)2(npa)2]·2H2O}n (), {[Cu3(atr)5(dca)(μ-OH)(ClO4)2](ClO4)2}n () and {[Cu3(atr)2(H2O)(μ3-OH)(μ-OH)2(spa)]·1.5H2O}n () (pa(2-) = phthalate, npa(2-) = 3-nitrophthalate, dca(-) = dicyanamide and spa(3-) = 4-sulfophthalate), were successfully obtained by varying the carboxylate- and cyanide-modified magnetic bridges. Structural determinations reveal that the former three samples are bent one-dimensional chains constructed from linear Cu(II)3 subunits and different inter-subunit connections. In , linear {Cu3(μ-N1,N2-atr)2(μ-OH)2}(4+) and {Cu3(μ-COO)2(μ-OH)2}(4+) subunits are alternately connected in a sharing-vertex manner to give a ferrimagnetic S = 1/2 spin ground-state. The linear {Cu3(μ-N1,N2-atr)2(μ-OH)2}(4+) building block of is repeatedly bridged by pairs of single-atom bridging carboxylate groups of the npa(2-) ligand leading to a paramagnetic S = 1/2 spin ground-state. By contrast, each linear {Cu3(μ-N1,N2-atr)4}(6+) core in is periodically propagated by four-fold heterobridges (μ-OH(-), μ-ClO4(-), μ-N1,N2-atr and μ-dca(-)) to generate an overall diamagnetic S = 0 spin ground-state. Complex is a three-dimensional pillared-layer framework composed of linear {Cu3(μ-N1,N2-atr)2(μ-OH)2}(4+)-based layers and ditopic spa(3-) connectors, which exhibits a ferrimagnetic S = 1/2 spin ground-state and a metamagnetic transition resulting from the competition between the weak interchain/interlayer antiferromagnetic interaction and the enhanced external magnetic field. In addition, different intra- and inter-subunit magnetic strengths are observed in with the coupling constants 182 < -Jintra < 43 and -127 < Jinter < 51.2 cm(-1). These interesting magnetostructural results are significant and helpful for the cyclic polyazolate-based magnetic materials.

A (3,6)-connected layer with an unprecedented adeninate nucleobase-derived heptanuclear disc

A (3,6)-connected layer with an adeninate nucleobase-derived Cu^II₇ disc was reported, in which six spin-parallel Cu^II ions in the exterior of the disc are antiferromagnetically coupled with the central one to give an S = 5/2 ground-state.

Insights into the control of magnetic coupling in the Mn4(III) complex: from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic

Magnetic coupling interactions of a Mn(III)(4) system are investigated by calculations based on density functional theory combined with a broken-symmetry approach (DFT-BS). Three different interactions including ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling are concomitant in this complex. This magnetic phenomenon of the complex is due to the different bridging angles between the Mn(III) centers in the three different models and the orbital complementarity of the μ-pzbg and μ-OCH(3) bridging ligands, which is proven by the analyses of the molecular orbitals. According to the analyses of the magneto-structural correlation, it is revealed that the magnetic coupling interaction switches from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic at the point of the bridging angle Mn-(μ-OCH(3))-Mn = 99°, which is equal to the value in the origin crystal. Significant correlation between the magnetic properties and the component of the d orbitals in these systems shows that the larger contribution of the d(z(2)) orbital corresponds to the larger ferromagnetic coupling interaction. These results should provide a means to control the magnetic coupling of the polynuclear Mn systems, which is instructive for the design of new molecular magnetic materials.