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Edhborg F, Küçüköz B, Gray V, Albinsson B. Singlet Energy Transfer in Anthracene-Porphyrin Complexes: Mechanism, Geometry, and Implications for Intramolecular Photon Upconversion. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9934-9943. [PMID: 31647236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work we show that the mechanism for singlet excitation energy transfer (SET) in coordination complexes changes upon changing a single atom. SET is governed by two different mechanisms; Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based on Coulombic, through-space interactions, or Dexter energy transfer relying on exchange, through-bond interactions. On the basis of time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption measurements, we conduct a mechanistic study of SET from a set of photoexcited anthracene donors to axially coordinated porphyrin acceptors, revealing the effect of coordination geometry and a very profound effect of the porphyrin central metal atom. We found that FRET is the dominating mechanism of SET for complexes with zinc-octaethylporphyrin (ZnOEP) as the acceptor, while Dexter energy transfer is the dominating mechanism of SET in a corresponding ruthenium complex (RuOEP). In addition, by analyzing the coordination geometry of the complexes and its temperature dependence, the binding angle potential energy of axially coordinated porphyrin complexes could be estimated. The results of this study are of fundamental importance and are discussed with respect to the consequences for developing intramolecular triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion in coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Edhborg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Betül Küçüköz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Victor Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Lei Y, Zhu F, Wu B, Zhang T, Niu G, Xiong Z, Song Q. Photocurrent generation through electron-exciton interaction at the organic semiconductor donor/acceptor interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:16891-7. [PMID: 24002235 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report our effort to understand the photocurrent generation that is contributed via electron-exciton interaction at the donor/acceptor interface in organic solar cells (OSCs). Donor/acceptor bi-layer heterojunction OSCs, of the indium tin oxide/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C60)/molybdenum oxide/Al type, were employed to study the mechanism of photocurrent generation due to the electron-exciton interaction, where CuPc and C60 are the donor and the acceptor, respectively. It is shown that the electron-exciton interaction and the exciton dissociation processes co-exist at the CuPc/C60 interface in OSCs. Compared to conventional donor/acceptor bi-layer OSCs, the cells with the above configuration enable holes to be extracted at the C60 side while electrons can be collected at the CuPc side, resulting in a photocurrent in the reverse direction. The photocurrent thus observed is contributed to primarily by the charge carriers that are generated by the electron-exciton interaction at the CuPc/C60 interface, while charges derived from the exciton dissociation process also exist at the same interface. The mechanism of photocurrent generation due to electron-exciton interaction in the OSCs is further investigated, and it is manifested by the transient photovoltage characteristics and the external quantum efficiency measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Hondros CJ, Aravindu K, Diers JR, Holten D, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF. Effects of Linker Torsional Constraints on the Rate of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Porphyrin Dyads. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11076-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Hondros
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
92521-0403, United States
| | - Kunche Aravindu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695-8204, United States
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
92521-0403, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889,
United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695-8204, United States
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
92521-0403, United States
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Tsuchiya T, Jakubikova E. Role of Noncoplanar Conformation in Facilitating Ground State Hole Transfer in Oxidized Porphyrin Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10107-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307285z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United
States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United
States
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Pan J, Lin S, Woodbury NW. Bacteriochlorophyll Excited-State Quenching Pathways in Bacterial Reaction Centers with the Primary Donor Oxidized. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2014-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- The Biodesign
Institute at Arizona
State University, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5201, United States
| | - Su Lin
- The Biodesign
Institute at Arizona
State University, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5201, United States
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University,
Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Neal W. Woodbury
- The Biodesign
Institute at Arizona
State University, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5201, United States
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University,
Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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Liu Y, Lin H, Li J, Dy JT, Tamaki K, Nakazaki J, Nakayama D, Nishiyama C, Uchida S, Kubo T, Segawa H. Ethynyl-linked push–pull porphyrin hetero-dimers for near-IR dye-sensitized solar cells: photovoltaic performances versus excited-state dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16703-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mikhalitsyna EA, Tyurin VS, Zamylatskov IA, Khrustalev VN, Beletskaya IP. Synthesis, characterization and cation-induced dimerization of new aza-crown ether-appended metalloporphyrins. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7624-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Göransson E, Boixel J, Monnereau C, Blart E, Pellegrin Y, Becker HC, Hammarström L, Odobel F. Photoinduced electron transfer in Zn(II)porphyrin-bridge-Pt(II)acetylide complexes: variation in rate with anchoring group and position of the bridge. Inorg Chem 2011; 49:9823-32. [PMID: 20919727 DOI: 10.1021/ic100605t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical characterization of two sets of zinc porphyrin platinum acetylide complexes are reported. The two sets of molecules differ in the way the bridging phenyl-ethynyl unit is attached to the porphyrin ring. One set is attached via an ethynyl unit on the β position, while the other set is attached via a phenyl unit on the meso position of the porphyrin. These were compared with previously studied complexes where attachment was made via an ethynyl unit on the meso position. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements showed in all systems a rapid quenching of the porphyrin singlet state. Electron transfer is suggested as the quenching mechanism, followed by an even faster recombination to form both the porphyrin ground and triplet excited states. This is supported by the variation in quenching rate and porphyrin triplet yield with solvent polarity, and the observation of an intermediate state in the meso-phenyl linked systems. The different linking motifs between the dyads resulted in significant variations in electron transfer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Göransson
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Nieves-Bernier EJ, Diers JR, Taniguchi M, Holten D, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS. Probing the rate of hole transfer in oxidized synthetic chlorin dyads via site-specific (13)C-labeling. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3193-202. [PMID: 20429592 DOI: 10.1021/jo100527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding electronic communication among interacting constituents of multicomponent molecular architectures is important for rational design in diverse fields including artificial photosynthesis and molecular electronics. One strategy for examining ground-state hole/electron transfer in an oxidized tetrapyrrolic array relies on analysis of the hyperfine interactions observed in the EPR spectrum of the pi-cation radical. This strategy has been previously employed to probe the hole/electron-transfer process in oxidized multiporphyrin arrays of normal isotopic composition, wherein (1)H and (14)N serve as the hyperfine "clocks", and in arrays containing site-specific (13)C-labels, which serve as additional hyperfine clocks. Herein, the hyperfine-clock strategy is applied to dyads of dihydroporphyrins (chlorins). Chlorins are more closely related structurally to chlorophylls than are porphyrins. A de novo synthetic strategy has been employed to introduce a (13)C label at the 19-position of the chlorin macrocycle, which is a site of large electron/hole density and is accessible synthetically beginning with (13)C-nitromethane. The resulting singly (13)C-labeled chlorin was coupled with an unlabeled chlorin to give a dyad wherein a diphenylethyne linker spans the 10-positions of the two zinc chlorins. EPR studies of the monocations of both the natural abundance and (13)C-labeled zinc chlorin dyads and benchmark zinc chlorin monomers reveal that the time scale for hole/electron transfer is in the 4-7 ns range, which is 5-10-fold longer than that in analogous porphyrin arrays. The slower hole/electron transfer rate observed for the chlorin versus porphyrin dyads is attributed to the fact that the HOMO is a(1u)-like for the chlorins versus a(2u)-like for the porphyrins; the a(1u)-like orbital exhibits little (or no) electron/hole density at the site of linker attachment whereas the a(2u)-like orbital exhibits significant electron/hole density at this site. Collectively, the studies of the chlorin and porphyrin dyads provide insights into the structural features that influence the hole/electron-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías J Nieves-Bernier
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Ave, St. Louis, USA, Tel. 314-747-0701, 314-362-8599, fax 314-747-5191
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Ave, St. Louis, USA, Tel. 314-747-0701, 314-362-8599, fax 314-747-5191
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Song HE, Taniguchi M, Diers JR, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D. Linker Dependence of Energy and Hole Transfer in Neutral and Oxidized Multiporphyrin Arrays. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16483-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9072558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-eun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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