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Teixeira R, Serra VV, Botequim D, Paulo PMR, Andrade SM, Costa SMB. Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines: Some Insights into Supramolecular Self-Assembly, Microencapsulation, and Imaging Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:4264. [PMID: 34299539 PMCID: PMC8306603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular interactions of anionic tetrasulfonate phenyl porphyrin (TPPS) with poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 2.0 and 4.0 (G2 and G4, respectively) forming H- or J-aggregates, as well as with human and bovine serum albumin proteins (HSA and BSA), were reviewed in the context of self-assembly molecular complementarity. The spectroscopic studies were extended to the association of aluminum phthtalocyanine (AlPCS4) detected with a PAMAM G4 dendrimer with fluorescence studies in both steady state and dynamic state, as well as due to the fluorescence quenching associated to electron-transfer with a distribution of lifetimes. The functionalization of TPPS with peripheral substituents enables the assignment of spontaneous pH-induced aggregates with different and well-defined morphologies. Other work reported in the literature, in particular with soft self-assembly materials, fall in the same area with particular interest for the environment. The microencapsulation of TPPS studies into polyelectrolyte capsules was developed quite recently and aroused much interest, which is well supported and complemented by the extensive data reported on the Imaging Microscopy section of the Luminescence of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines included in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Botequim
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suzana M Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M B Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Francisco AP, Botequim D, Prazeres DMF, Serra VV, Costa SMB, Laia CAT, Paulo PMR. Extreme Enhancement of Single-Molecule Fluorescence from Porphyrins Induced by Gold Nanodimer Antennas. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1542-1549. [PMID: 30862164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are typically weak emitters, which presents challenges to their optical detection by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. In this contribution, we explore the enhancement effect of gold nanodimer antennas on the fluorescence of porphyrins in order to enable their single-molecule optical detection. Four meso-substituted free-base porphyrins were evaluated: two cationic, one neutral, and one anionic porphyrin. The gold nanodimer antennas are able to enhance the emission from these porphyrins by a factor of 105-106 increase in the maximum detected photon rates. This extreme enhancement is due to the combination of an antenna effect on the excitation rate that is estimated to be above 104-fold and an emission efficiency that corresponds to an increase of 2-10 times in the porphyrin's fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Francisco
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica , Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - César A T Laia
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica , Portugal
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Biscaglia F, Frezza E, Zurlo E, Gobbo M. Linker dependent chirality of solvent induced self-assembled structures of porphyrin-α-helical peptide conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9568-9577. [PMID: 27722414 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent-promoted aggregation of porphyrins covalently linked to medium length peptides occurs with the formation of chiral supramolecular structures if the peptide chain can adopt an α-helical secondary structure. The circular dichroism spectra of different porphyrin-peptide conjugates show that the chiral arrangement of the porphyrins in the aggregates does not depend on the screw-sense of the peptide helix. Experimental evidence and molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the linker between the porphyrin and the peptide helix is responsible for the overall chirality of supramolecular structures. In particular when the linker is a chiral α-amino acid it is possible to tune the morphology of the chiral aggregates by inverting the configuration of the chiral center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biscaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Elisa Frezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Zurlo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy. and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, C. N. R., I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Yu C, Ma L, Li K, Li S, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yan D. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of hyperbranched polyglycerols and their encapsulation behaviors of small drug molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22446-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computer simulation could disclose more details about the conformations of HPGs and their encapsulation behaviors of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Shanlong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yannan Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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Garcia-Fernandez E, Paulo PMR, Costa SMB. Evaluation of electrostatic binding of PAMAM dendrimers and charged phthalocyanines by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4319-27. [PMID: 25574969 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed host-guest interactions between PAMAM dendrimers and charged phthalocyanine probes by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS). Our results show strong binding in water at low ionic strength with an affinity that decreases from KB ∼ 10(9) to 10(8) M(-1) upon decreasing the phthalocyanine charge of z = -4, -2 and -1. The binding affinity also decreases significantly upon salt addition leading to KB values of ca. 10(5)-10(6) M(-1). The changes of binding affinity probed by varying the phthalocyanine charge, and by changing the ionic strength or pH conditions, allowed us to evaluate the electrostatic contribution (Kel) in dendrimer-phthalocyanine interactions. In particular, this approach afforded values of electrostatic potential for PAMAM dendrimers in water at low ionic strength and at dendrimer concentrations in the nanomolar range. The electrostatic potential of PAMAM generations 4 and 7 are around 50 mV in close agreement with theoretical estimates using the Poisson-Boltzmann cell model. Interestingly, the nonelectrostatic binding is significant and contributes even more than electrostatic binding to dendrimer-phthalocyanine interactions. The nonelectrostatic binding contributes to an affinity of KB above 10(5) M(-1), as measured under conditions of low dendrimer charge and high ionic strength, which makes these dendrimers promising hosts as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia-Fernandez
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Garcia-Fernandez E, Paulo PMR. Deswelling and Electrolyte Dissipation in Free Diffusion of Charged PAMAM Dendrimers. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1472-1478. [PMID: 26269996 DOI: 10.1021/jz500531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion coefficient of charged PAMAM dendrimers was measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in aqueous solution at submicromolar concentrations. The solution pH was varied for conditions ranging from a fully charged to neutral charge dendrimer to infer about electrostatic swelling in the dilute regime. The diffusion coefficient of generation G4 increases by as much as 20% between high and low charge conditions due to the combined effects of polyelectrolyte deswelling and loss of electrolyte dissipation. By taking into account the electrolyte dissipation in the friction factor, we have found that the observed deswelling corresponds to a change of hydrodynamic radius between 7-13% for generation G4 and about 12% for generation G7. Simulations of molecular dynamics of dendrimer G4 show that counterion uptake by the dendrimer structure upon full protonation induces a 16% increase of its radius of gyration. The change in dendrimer size is slightly larger than that previously reported from neutron scattering techniques, thereby suggesting that electrostatic swelling is more pronounced at dilute dendrimer concentration and low ionic strength. It is confirmed that even higher generations, which have more congested molecular structures, can experience some degree of conformational change in response to a change of the dendrimer charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia-Fernandez
- Centro de Quı́mica Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Quı́mica Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Cordeiro RM, Miotto R, Baptista MS. Photodynamic Efficiency of Cationic meso-Porphyrins at Lipid Bilayers: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14618-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Cordeiro
- Centro de
Ciências Naturais
e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC,
Rua Santa Adélia 166, CEP 09210-170, Santo André (SP),
Brazil
| | - Ronei Miotto
- Centro de
Ciências Naturais
e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC,
Rua Santa Adélia 166, CEP 09210-170, Santo André (SP),
Brazil
| | - Maurício S. Baptista
- Departamento
de
Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes
748, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Costa SM, Andrade SM, Togashi DM, Paulo PM, Laia CA, Isabel Viseu M, Gonçalves da Silva AM. Optical spectroscopy and photochemistry of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies of excited singlet and triplet states of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in organized media of reverse micelles, vesicles, monolayers, and Langmuir-Blodgett films along with more complex supramolecular organizates with proteins and dendrimers, are reported. Self-assembly in these systems was followed by imaging and temporal fluorescence techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia M.B. Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suzana M. Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Denísio M. Togashi
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M.R. Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César A.T. Laia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Isabel Viseu
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Gonçalves da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Paulo PM, Costa SM. Photoinduced electron-transfer in supramolecular complex of zinc porphyrin with poly(amido amine) dendrimer donor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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LeBard DN, Matyushov DV. Ferroelectric Hydration Shells around Proteins: Electrostatics of the Protein−Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9246-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David N. LeBard
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
| | - Dmitry V. Matyushov
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
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11
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Paulo PMR. Temperature echoes revisited to probe the vibrational behavior of dendrimers. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:114901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3353952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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