First-Principles Study of Low Miller Index Ni3S2 Surfaces in Hydrotreating Conditions

3d Transition metal doping induced charge rearrangement and transfer to enhance overall water-splitting on Ni3S2 (101) facet: a first-principles calculation study

Cost-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts with good stability and high activity are in great demand to replace noble-metal-based catalysts for overall water-splitting. Ni3S2 has been considered a suitable electrocatalyst for either the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to its good conductivity and stability, but high performance remains a challenge. Based on density functional theory calculations, we propose a practical 3d-transition-metal (TM = Mn, Fe and Co) doping to enhance the catalytic performance for both HER and OER on the Ni3S2 (101) facet. The enhancement originates from TM-doping-induced charge rearrangement and charge transfer, which increases the surface activity and promotes catalytic behavior. In particular, Mn-doped Ni3S2 shows good bifunctional catalytic activity because it possesses more active sites, reduced hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG H*) for HER and low overpotential for OER. Importantly, this work not only provides a feasible means to design efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water-splitting but also provides insights into the mechanism of improving catalytic behavior.