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Zhong W, Zhang J, Lin Y, Li S, Yang Y, Wang WJ, Si C, Kühn FE, Zhao Z, Cai XM, Tang BZ. Multi-site isomerization of synergistically regulated stimuli-responsive AIE materials toward multi-level decryption. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3920-3927. [PMID: 38487249 PMCID: PMC10935665 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials are highly sensitive and rapidly responsive to external signals, making them ideal solid materials for anti-counterfeiting encryption. However, the limited conformational and packing variations resulting from regio-isomerization with a single substituent restricts the stimuli-responsive behavior of these materials. In this work, several AIE-active regio-structural isomers based on the salicylaldehyde Schiff base scaffold have been straightforwardly obtained through multiple substitutions with bromide and triphenylamine moieties. Solvent-effect experiments demonstrate their different orders of charge-transfer and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer upon photoexcitation, indicating the regulation of excited-state processes via multi-site isomerization. These isomers also demonstrate mechanochromism and acidichromism, allowing for adjustable stimuli-responsive effects. As a demonstration, p-Br-TPA with both mechanochromism and acidichromism can be synergistically utilized for multi-level decryption. This study successfully regulates the evolution of excited states through multi-site isomerization, offering a general approach for achieving tunable stimuli-responsive properties in AIE-active salicylaldehyde Schiff bases toward multi-level decryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiren Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hongkong 999077 China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Shouji Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Wen-Jin Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München München D-85747 Germany
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Xu-Min Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hongkong 999077 China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 China
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Lin D, Wei Y, Peng A, Zhang H, Zhong C, Lu D, Zhang H, Zheng X, Yang L, Feng Q, Xie L, Huang W. Stereoselective gridization and polygridization with centrosymmetric molecular packing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1756. [PMID: 32273512 PMCID: PMC7145858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gridarenes, with well-defined edges and vertices, represent versatile nanoscale building blocks for the installation of frameworks and architectures but suffer from difficulty in stereoselective control during their synthesis. Here we report a diastereoselective gridization of superelectrophilic diazafluorene-containing substrates (AmBn) with crescent shapes into Drawing Hands grids (DHGs). The meso-selectivity reaches 75.6% diastereomeric excess (de) during the gridization of A1B1-type substrates and maintains ~80% de during the polygridization of A2B2-type monomers. Such stereocontrol originates from the centrosymmetric molecular packing of two charge-delocalized superelectrophiles with synergistically π–π stacking attractions and coulombic repulsions. As meso-stereoregular structures show 20∼30 nm in length, the rigid ring/chain-alternating polygrids have a Mark–Houwink exponent of 1.651 and a molecular weight (M) dependence of the hydrodynamic radius Rh ∼ M1.13. Via the simulation of chain collapse, meso-configured polygridarenes still adopt rod-like conformations that facilitate the high rigidity of organic nanopolymers, distinguished from toroid backbones of rac-type polygrids. Gridarenes with well-defined edges and vertices represent versatile nanoscale building blocks for installating frameworks but suffer from lack of stereoselective control during their synthesis. Here, the authors report a diastereoselective gridization of superelectrophilic diazafluorene-containing substrates with crescent shapes into Drawing Hands grids (DHGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Lin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aizhong Peng
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - He Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhong
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiangping Zheng
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Quanyou Feng
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Lin D, Wei Y, Ou C, Huang H, Xie L, Tang L, Huang W. Carbon Cationic Relay via Superelectrophiles: Synthesis of Spiro-diazafluorenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:6220-6223. [PMID: 27978634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superelectrophilic-initiated carbon cationic relay reactions of diazafluorenones with phenols were developed to provide strategically novel and atom-economic access to spirodiazafluorenes via tandem Friedel-Crafts reaction, nucleophilic addition, and intramolecular cyclization sequences. A range of spirodiazafluorenes that are difficult to synthesize with traditional protocols has been constructed successfully in middle to high yields using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Lin
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Li XY, Sun YG, Huo P, Shao MY, Ji SF, Zhu QY, Dai J. Metal centered oxidation or ligand centered oxidation of metal dithiolene? Spectral, electrochemical and structural studies on a nickel-4-pyridine-1,2-dithiolate system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4016-23. [PMID: 23392287 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex Et(4)N[Ni(4-pedt)(2)] (1) (4-pedt = 1-(pyridine-4-yl) ethylene-1,2-dithiolate) was synthesized to investigate the behaviour of metal dithiolene compounds upon protonation and oxidation by absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry and structural analyses and to further understand the electronic states of the dithiolene compounds. It is unexpected that the 915 nm NIR transition band is not shifted when H(+) is added, and it is only affected (blue-shifted) when the compound is oxidized. All the evidence of electronic spectra indicates that the NIR band is relevant to the central [Ni(edt)(2)] moiety (edt = ethylenedithiolate), not the behaviour of individual Ni ions or ligands. It is also not the band of intermolecular interaction of a dimer. The moderately intense band appearing at 655 nm upon protonation is assigned to the intramolecular charge-transfer band between the [Ni(edt)(2)] moiety and the pyridine. The redox potentials of the metal dithiolene are sensitive to the protonation of the pyridyl group. The structures of monocationic complex and the protonated compounds [Ni(4-Hpedt)(2)]·ClO(4)·H(2)O (2) and [Ni(4-Hpedt)(2)]·PhSO(3)·2DMF (3) were characterized by single crystal X-ray determination. The structural data demonstrate that the oxidation of the monoanionic dithiolene complex to neutral does not change the Ni-S bond distances obviously, which further indicates that the process is not only the metal centered oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Zhao JF, Chen L, Sun PJ, Hou XY, Zhao XH, Li WJ, Xie LH, Qian Y, Shi NE, Lai WY, Fan QL, Huang W. One-pot synthesis of 2-bromo-4,5-diazafluoren-9-one via a tandem oxidation–bromination-rearrangement of phenanthroline and its hammer-shaped donor–acceptor organic semiconductors. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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