1
|
Juan Liang W, Xin Wu W, Lu Z, Feng Bai Y, Feng F, Jun Jin W. Stimulus responsive luminescence and application of rotor type 1,1'-([2,2'-bithiophene]-3,3'-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one) and 3'-acetyl-[2,2'-bithiophene]-3-carbaldehyde as molecular rotors. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121395. [PMID: 35605424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two dithiophene aldehyde/ketone derivatives are designed as luminescence molecular rotors, i.e., 1,1'-([2,2'-bithiophene]-3,3'-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one) (BTBE) and 3'-acetyl-[2,2'-bithiophene]-3-carbaldehyde (BTAC). Their absorption and luminescence properties, as well as the stimulus responsive luminescence characteristics of water spikes are studied in detail. In order to further explore relationship of luminescence and molecular structure, three reference compounds are also synthesized, named 1-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)ethanone (MTE), 2-methylthiophene-3-carbaldehyde (MTC) and 4H-cyclohepta[1,2-b:7,6-b']dithiophen-4-one (CDTO). BTBE and BTAC have two obvious absorption bands in the short wavelength region with peak wavelengths of about 212 nm and 260 nm, respectively, while there is a weak trailing type absorption band in the range of about 300-400 nm. Their fluorescence spectra show two luminescence bands in the range of 280-350 nm and 400-600 nm, respectively, and the latter is stronger. Compared with the absorption and luminescence spectra of the reference compounds, it is determined that two absorption bands of BTBE and BTAC in shorter wavelength region are derived from the single thiophene ring carbonyl planar unit, while the absorption band in longer region are derived from the integrated structure of dithiophene carbonyl. The fluorescence bands with peaks of about 300 nm and 470 nm originate respectively from the localized F-C vertical excited states (LE), i.e., the excited state from single planar thienyl-carbonyl unit, and integrated excited state (IE), i.e., the excited state from integrated di-thienyl-carbonyl rings linked covalently with less dihedral angle and greater degree of conjugation at excited state. The crystal structure data show that two thiophene rings possess larger dihedral angles in crystal states, 86.9° for BTBE and 60.8° for BTAC, respectively. However, theoretical calculation results prove the conformational stabilization energy changes little, less than 1.5 kcal/mol, as dihedral angle changes from 50° to 100°. Hydrogen bonding is sufficient to overcome the energy required for this conformational change. Therefore, both BTBE and BTAC can produce water stimulation response luminescence behavior. This stimulating response behavior of BTBE and BTAC can be applied to the preparation of water writable film materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, PR China
| | - Wen Xin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, PR China
| | - Yun Feng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, PR China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, PR China.
| | - Wei Jun Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, PR China; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valandro SR, He R, Bullock JD, Arman H, Schanze KS. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in trans-(N-Heterocyclic carbene)platinum(II) Acetylide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10065-10074. [PMID: 33908257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study probes femto- and picosecond excited-state dynamics of a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand-containing platinum(II) complexes of the type trans-(NHC)2PtII(CC-Ar)2, where CC-Ar is an arylacetylide. By using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, two dynamic processes are observed: an ultrafast singlet → triplet intersystem crossing (<0.3 ps), followed by geometric/electronic relaxation that takes place on a 2-10 ps time scale. The geometric/electronic relaxation is attributed to ligand torsional modes, mainly arising from twisting of the aryl units relative to the square-planar PtL4 unit. The dynamics of this relaxation process depend somewhat on steric constraints induced by substituent groups attached to the (benz)imidazole and phenyl ligands. The geometric relaxation dynamics slow with increasing solvent viscosity. The experimental studies also reveal that the different conformers can be photoselected by varying the excitation at different near-UV wavelengths. To corroborate the experimental findings, density functional theory calculations were conducted to probe the effects of geometry and steric hindrance on the ground-state energy surface. The calculations suggest that the barrier for torsion of the CC-Ar units increases as N-substituents on the NHC ligands increase in the order CH3 < cyclohexyl < n-butyl and as the CC-Ar units are substituted in the 3 and 5 positions with tert-butyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvano R Valandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ru He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - James D Bullock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cook AR, Girimonti A, Sreearunothai P, Asaoka S, Miller JR. Dynamic broadening alters triplet extinction coefficients in fluorene oligomers and polymers. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5132798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Cook
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Anthony Girimonti
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - Sadayuki Asaoka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - John R. Miller
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang YC, Cheng YC. C-N Bond Rotation Controls Photoinduced Electron Transfer in an Aminostyrene-Stilbene Donor-Acceptor System. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4333-4341. [PMID: 31034231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate energy transfer and electron transfer in a dimethylsilylene-spaced aminostyrene-stilbene donor-acceptor dimer using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Our results confirm that the vertical S3, S2, and S1 excited states are, respectively, a local excitation on the aminostyrene, local excitation on the stilbene, and the charge-transferred (CT) excited state with electron transfer from aminostyrene to stilbene. In addition, an energy minimum with the C-N bond of the amino group twisted at about 90° is also identified on the S1 potential energy surface. This S1 state exhibits a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) character. A potential energy scan along the C-N bond torsional angle reveals a conical intersection between the S2 stilbene local excitation and the S1 CT/TICT state at a torsional angle of ∼60°. We thus propose that the conical intersection dominates the electron transfer dynamics in the donor-acceptor dimer and copolymers alike, and the energy barrier along the C-N bond rotation controls the efficiency of such a process. Moreover, we show that despite the zero oscillator strength of the S1 excited states in the CT and TICT minima, an emissive S1 state with a V-shaped conformational structure can be located. The energy of this V-shape CT structure is thermally accessible; therefore, it is expected to be responsible for the CT emission band of the dimer observed in polar solvents. Our data provide a clear explanation of the complex solvent-dependent dual emission and photoinduced electron transfer properties observed experimentally in the dimer and copolymer systems. More importantly, the identifications of the conical intersection and energy barrier along the C-N bond rotation provide a novel synthetic route for controlling emissive properties and electron transfer dynamics in similar systems, which might be useful in the design of novel organic optoelectronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chin Huang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. , Da-an District, Taipei City 106 , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. , Da-an District, Taipei City 106 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rautela R, Joshi NK, Novakovic S, Wong WWH, White JM, Ghiggino KP, Paige MF, Steer RP. Determinants of the efficiency of photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation in the solid state: zinc porphyrin derivatives in PVA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23471-23482. [PMID: 28829080 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, photophysical and computational studies designed to expose and explain the differences in the efficiencies of non-coherent photon upconversion (NCPU) by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) have been carried out for a new series of alkyl-substituted diphenyl and tetraphenyl zinc porphyrins, both in fluid solution and in solid films. Systematic variations in the alkyl-substitution of the phenyl groups in both the di- and tetraphenyl porphyrins introduces small, but well-understood changes in their spectroscopic and photophysical properties and in their TTA efficiencies. In degassed toluene solution TTA occurs for all derivatives and produces the fluorescent S2 product states in all cases. In PVA matrices, however, none of the di-phenylporphyrins exhibit measurable NCPU whereas all the tetraphenyl-substituted compounds remain upconversion-active. In PVA the NCPU efficiencies of the zinc tetraphenylporphyrins vary significantly with their steric characteristics; the most sterically crowded tetraphenyl derivative exhibits the greatest efficiency. DFT-D computations have been undertaken and help reveal the sources of these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Rautela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Neeraj K Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Sacha Novakovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Matthew F Paige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Ronald P Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng CH, Wang WZ, Peng SM, Chen IC. Excited state dynamics of symmetric and asymmetric Cr 3(dpa) 4Cl 2 measured using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:25471-25477. [PMID: 28900646 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03968a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the excited-state dynamics of an extended metal atom chain complex, Cr3(dpa)4Cl2 (dpa = dipyridylamide), in tetrahydrofuran solution were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Upon excitation at a wavelength of 330 nm, two distinct excited-state absorption species with varied dynamics were identified and assigned to the symmetric (s-) and unsymmetric (u-) Cr3(dpa)4Cl2. The major species is s-Cr3(dpa)4Cl2 that undergoes rapid conversion at less than 100 fs from the ligand-centred π-π* state, which is the initially accessed state, to the metal-centred d-d state and then vibrational cooling accompanying the structural relaxation at a time constant ∼2.2 ps. Most of the s-form is recovered to the ground state at ∼200 ps. For u-Cr3(dpa)4Cl2, a similar rapid conversion to d-d states is observed, and the geometric/vibrational relaxation is ∼0.8 ps. The second recovery of the ground state with approximately equal amplitude is observed at a time constant of ∼5 ns. This might be because many d-d states exist and about half of them inefficiently couple with the ground state surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Han Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao HH, Chung MR, Huang C, Lin SMH, Chen CH, Luh TY, Chen IC. Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Dimethylsilylene-Spaced Aminostyrene Stilbene Monomer Using Time-Resolved Techniques. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7079-7088. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hsiao Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ru Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Chiling Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Sandra Meng-Hsuan Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung, Taiwan 40724, Republic of China
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China
| | - I-Chia Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Huang J, Du L, Lan Z. Photoinduced Ultrafast Intramolecular Excited-State Energy Transfer in the Silylene-Bridged Biphenyl and Stilbene (SBS) System: A Nonadiabatic Dynamics Point of View. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6937-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Likai Du
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsu CS, Liu KL, Tan KS, Yen HY, Chen IC. Dynamics of structural relaxation of stilbene 3 in solution, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelle, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate reverse micelle. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10187-95. [PMID: 25105555 DOI: 10.1021/jp503969u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of the excited states of stilbene 3 in various solvents, confined environment cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle, and water/bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/hexane reverse micelle are investigated. In the time-resolved decay curves of fluorescence measured in solution at excitation wavelength 256 or 266 nm, stilbene 3 underwent initially an ultrafast internal conversion to the S2 state or was directly excited at the S2 then via a conformational relaxation with time constant 1.1-4.6 ps. This relaxation process displays a linear dependence on solvent viscosity. Slow relaxation in deuterated methanol and water is explained that the vibrational energy is efficiently coupled to the librational modes of solvent. The conformational relaxation rate decreases slightly in the CTAB micelle but is greatly hindered in the AOT reverse micelle with small cavities. According to the results of anisotropy measurements, in both CTAB and AOT reverse micelles with a cavity diameter as large as ∼7 nm, the dynamics of molecular rotation remain significantly hindered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Sheng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen CH, Huang YC, Liao WC, Lim TS, Liu KL, Chen IC, Luh TY. Controlling Conformations in Alternating Dialkylsilylene-Spaced Donor-Acceptor Copolymers by a Cooperative Thorpe-Ingold Effect and Polymer Folding. Chemistry 2011; 18:334-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|