1
|
Sugiura M, Kandori H. Photoisomerization pathway of the microbial rhodopsin chromophore in solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1435-1443. [PMID: 38886314 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerization is a key photochemical reaction in microbial and animal rhodopsins. It is well established that such photoisomerization is highly selective; all-trans to 13-cis, and 11-cis to all-trans forms in microbial and animal rhodopsins, respectively. Nevertheless, unusual photoisomerization pathways have been discovered recently in microbial rhodopsins. In an enzymerhodopsin NeoR, the all-trans chromophore is isomerized into the 7-cis form exclusively, which is stable at room temperature. Although, the 7-cis form is produced by illumination of retinal, formation of the 7-cis form was never reported for a protonated Schiff base of all-trans retinal in solution. Present HPLC analysis of retinal oximes prepared by hydroxylamine reaction revealed that all-trans and 7-cis forms cannot be separated from the syn peaks under the standard HPLC conditions, while it is possible by the analysis of the anti-peaks. Consequently, we found formation of the 7-cis form by the photoreaction of all-trans chromophore in solution, regardless of the protonation state of the Schiff base. Upon light absorption of all-trans protonated retinal Schiff base in solution, excited-state relaxation accompanies double-bond isomerization, producing 7-cis, 9-cis, 11-cis, or 13-cis form. In contrast, specific chromophore-protein interaction enforces selective isomerization into the 13-cis form in many microbial rhodopsins, but into 7-cis in NeoR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asido M, Wachtveitl J. Photochemistry of the Light-Driven Sodium Pump Krokinobacter eikastus Rhodopsin 2 and Its Implications on Microbial Rhodopsin Research: Retrospective and Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3766-3773. [PMID: 36919947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the light-driven sodium pump Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2) in 2013 has changed the paradigm that cation transport in microbial rhodopsins is restricted to the translocation of protons. Even though this finding is already remarkable by itself, it also reignited more general discussions about the functional mechanism of ion transport. The unique composition of the retinal binding pocket in KR2 with a tight interaction between the retinal Schiff base and its respective counterion D116 also has interesting implications on the photochemical pathway of the chromophore. Here, we discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of the KR2 functionality from the primary event of photon absorption by all-trans retinal up to the actual protein response in the later phases of the photocycle, mainly from the point of view of optical spectroscopy. In this context, we furthermore highlight some of the ongoing debates on the photochemistry of microbial rhodopsins and give some perspectives for promising future directions in this field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Asido
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agathangelou D, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Del Carmen Marín M, Roy PP, Brazard J, Kandori H, Jung KH, Léonard J, Buckup T, Ferré N, Olivucci M, Haacke S. Effect of point mutations on the ultrafast photo-isomerization of Anabaena sensory rhodopsin. Faraday Discuss 2019; 207:55-75. [PMID: 29388996 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) is a particular microbial retinal protein for which light-adaptation leads to the ability to bind both the all-trans, 15-anti (AT) and the 13-cis, 15-syn (13C) isomers of the protonated Schiff base of retinal (PSBR). In the context of obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which retinal proteins catalyse the PSBR photo-isomerization reaction, ASR is a model system allowing to study, within the same protein, the protein-PSBR interactions for two different PSBR conformers at the same time. A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of AT and 13C, and their photo-products in wild-type ASR obtained through femtosecond (pump-) four-wave-mixing is reported for the first time, and compared to bacterio- and channelrhodopsin. As part of an extensive study of ASR mutants with blue-shifted absorption spectra, we present here a detailed computational analysis of the origin of the mutation-induced blue-shift of the absorption spectra, and identify electrostatic interactions as dominating steric effects that would entail a red-shift. The excited state lifetimes and isomerization reaction times (IRT) for the three mutants V112N, W76F, and L83Q are studied experimentally by femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, in all three mutants, isomerization is accelerated for AT with respect to wild-type ASR, and this the more, the shorter the wavelength of maximum absorption. On the contrary, the 13C photo-reaction is slightly slowed down, leading to an inversion of the ESLs of AT and 13C, with respect to wt-ASR, in the blue-most absorbing mutant L83Q. Possible mechanisms for these mutation effects, and their steric and electrostatic origins are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Agathangelou
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Inst. de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bull JN, West CW, Anstöter CS, da Silva G, Bieske EJ, Verlet JRR. Ultrafast photoisomerisation of an isolated retinoid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10567-10579. [PMID: 31073587 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced excited state dynamics of gas-phase trans-retinoate (deprotonated trans-retinoic acid, trans-RA-) are studied using tandem ion mobility spectrometry coupled with laser spectroscopy, and frequency-, angle- and time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Photoexcitation of the bright S3(ππ*) ← S0 transition leads to internal conversion to the S1(ππ*) state on a ≈80 fs timescale followed by recovery of S0 and concomitant isomerisation to give the 13-cis (major) and 9-cis (minor) photoisomers on a ≈180 fs timescale. The sub-200 fs stereoselective photoisomerisation parallels that for the retinal protonated Schiff base chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin. Measurements on trans-RA- in methanol using the solution photoisomerisation action spectroscopy technique show that 13-cis-RA- is also the principal photoisomer, although the 13-cis and 9-cis photoisomers are formed with an inverted branching ratio with photon energy in methanol when compared with the gas phase, presumably due to solvent-induced modification of potential energy surfaces and inhibition of electron detachment processes. Comparison of the gas-phase time-resolved data with transient absorption spectroscopy measurements on retinoic acid in methanol suggest that photoisomerisation is roughly six times slower in solution. This work provides clear evidence that solvation significantly affects the photoisomerisation dynamics of retinoid molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Christopher W West
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Intrinsic photoisomerization dynamics of protonated Schiff-base retinal. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1210. [PMID: 30872581 PMCID: PMC6418104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal protonated Schiff-base (RPSB) in its all-trans form is found in bacterial rhodopsins, whereas visual rhodopsin proteins host 11-cis RPSB. In both cases, photoexcitation initiates fast isomerization of the retinal chromophore, leading to proton transport, storage of chemical energy or signaling. It is an unsolved problem, to which degree this is due to protein interactions or intrinsic RPSB quantum properties. Here, we report on time-resolved action-spectroscopy studies, which show, that upon photoexcitation, cis isomers of RPSB have an almost barrierless fast 400 fs decay, whereas all-trans isomers exhibit a barrier-controlled slow 3 ps decay. Moreover, formation of the 11-cis isomer is greatly favored for all-trans RPSB when isolated. The very fast photoresponse of visual photoreceptors is thus directly related to intrinsic retinal properties, whereas bacterial rhodopsins tune the excited state potential-energy surface to lower the barrier for particular double-bond isomerization, thus changing both the timescale and specificity of the photoisomerization. The primary photoresponse of protonated Schiff-base retinal in visual and bacterial rhodopsins is fast sub-ps isomerisation. Here, the authors show that the fast photoisomerization of rhodopsin is related to an intrinsic retinal property, whereas bacterial rhodopsins tune the excited-state potential-energy surface and improve the isomerization timescale and specificity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barata-Morgado R, Sánchez ML, Muñoz-Losa A, Martín ME, Olivares Del Valle FJ, Aguilar MA. How Methylation Modifies the Photophysics of the Native All- trans-Retinal Protonated Schiff Base: A CASPT2/MD Study in Gas Phase and in Methanol. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3096-3106. [PMID: 29489369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparison between the free-energy surfaces of the all- trans-retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) and its 10-methylated derivative in gas phase and methanol solution is performed at CASSCF//CASSCF and CASPT2//CASSCF levels. Solvent effects were included using the average solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics method. This is a QM/MM (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) method that makes use of the mean field approximation. It is found that the methyl group bonded to C10 produces noticeable changes in the solution free-energy profile of the S1 excited state, mainly in the relative stability of the minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) with respect to the Franck-Condon (FC) point. The conical intersections yielding the 9- cis and 11- cis isomers are stabilized while that yielding the 13- cis isomer is destabilized; in fact, it becomes inaccessible by excitation to S1. Furthermore, the planar S1 minimum is not present in the methylated compound. The solvent notably stabilizes the S2 excited state at the FC geometry. Therefore, if the S2 state has an effect on the photoisomerization dynamics, it must be because it permits the RPSB population to branch around the FC point. All these changes combine to speed up the photoisomerization in the 10-methylated compound with respect to the native compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rute Barata-Morgado
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - M Luz Sánchez
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Dpto. Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado , University of Extremadura , Avda. Universidad s/n , Cáceres 10003 , Spain
| | - M Elena Martín
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Francisco J Olivares Del Valle
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Manuel A Aguilar
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mališ M, Novak J, Zgrablić G, Parmigiani F, Došlić N. Mechanism of ultrafast non-reactive deactivation of the retinal chromophore in non-polar solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25970-25978. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03293e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Counterion sensitive photodynamics of the retinal chromophore in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mališ
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
- Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire
| | - J. Novak
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - G. Zgrablić
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Treste
- T-ReX Laboratory
- Trieste
- Italy
- Politehnika Pula
| | - F. Parmigiani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Treste
- T-ReX Laboratory
- Trieste
- Italy
- Department of Physics
| | - N. Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Tahawy MMT, Nenov A, Garavelli M. Photoelectrochromism in the Retinal Protonated Schiff Base Chromophore: Photoisomerization Speed and Selectivity under a Homogeneous Electric Field at Different Operational Regimes. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4460-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M. T. El-Tahawy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician″, Universita’ degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2 I - 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician″, Universita’ degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2 I - 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician″, Universita’ degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2 I - 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, Centre
Nationale de Recherche Scientifique, 46 allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schapiro I. The Origin of Bond Selectivity and Excited-State Reactivity in Retinal Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3353-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber
Center for Molecular
Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valsson O, Filippi C, Casida ME. Regarding the use and misuse of retinal protonated Schiff base photochemistry as a test case for time-dependent density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4916354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Cheminal A, Léonard J, Kim SY, Jung KH, Kandori H, Haacke S. 100 fs photo-isomerization with vibrational coherences but low quantum yield in Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25429-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Counter-intuitive photochemistry: in Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin, the retinal 13-cis isomer isomerizes much faster than all-trans ASR, but with a 3-times lower quantum yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Cheminal
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg – CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg – CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces
- Sogang University
- Mapo-Gu
- South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces
- Sogang University
- Mapo-Gu
- South Korea
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg – CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pepino AJ, Burgos Paci MA, Peláez WJ, Argüello GA. An experimental and theoretical study of the photoisomerization and thermal reversion on 5-arylmethylene-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12927-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the photochemical behaviour of the GFP chromophore has attracted widespread attention among scientists. Results for a new chromophore analog are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Pepino
- INFIQC-Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- UNC
- Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - M. A. Burgos Paci
- INFIQC-Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- UNC
- Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - W. J. Peláez
- INFIQC-Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- UNC
- Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - G. A. Argüello
- INFIQC-Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- UNC
- Córdoba
- Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Punwong C, Owens J, Martínez TJ. Direct QM/MM Excited-State Dynamics of Retinal Protonated Schiff Base in Isolation and Methanol Solution. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:704-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5038798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chutintorn Punwong
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, and Trace
Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Jane Owens
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huntress MM, Gozem S, Malley KR, Jailaubekov AE, Vasileiou C, Vengris M, Geiger JH, Borhan B, Schapiro I, Larsen DS, Olivucci M. Toward an Understanding of the Retinal Chromophore in Rhodopsin Mimics. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10053-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305935t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Huntress
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
43402, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
43402, United States
| | - Konstantin R. Malley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenure,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Askat E. Jailaubekov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenure,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chrysoula Vasileiou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan 48824,
United States
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenure,
Davis, California 95616, United States
- Faculty of
Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio
10 LT10223 Vilnius,
Lithuania
| | - James H. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan 48824,
United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan 48824,
United States
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
43402, United States
| | - Delmar S. Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenure,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
43402, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wand A, Gdor I, Zhu J, Sheves M, Ruhman S. Shedding New Light on Retinal Protein Photochemistry. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2013; 64:437-58. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Wand
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Itay Gdor
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muñoz-Losa A, Fdez. Galván I, Aguilar MA, Martín ME. Simultaneous Solvent and Counterion Effects on the Absorption Properties of a Model of the Rhodopsin Chromophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:1548-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ct301090v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Química
Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, Badajoz,
06071, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Química
Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, Badajoz,
06071, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Aguilar
- Química
Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, Badajoz,
06071, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Química
Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, Badajoz,
06071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wand A, Loevsky B, Friedman N, Sheves M, Ruhman S. Probing Ultrafast Photochemistry of Retinal Proteins in the Near-IR: Bacteriorhodopsin and Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin vs Retinal Protonated Schiff Base in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4670-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309189y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Wand
- Institute of Chemistry
and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Boris Loevsky
- Institute of Chemistry
and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Noga Friedman
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute of Chemistry
and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Messina F, El-Zohry AM, Mohammed OF, Chergui M. The Role of Site-Specific Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in the Solvation Dynamics of N-Acetyltryptophanamide. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10730-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305363y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Messina
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide
(LSU), ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, station 6, CH-1015
Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed M. El-Zohry
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide
(LSU), ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, station 6, CH-1015
Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide
(LSU), ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, station 6, CH-1015
Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Laricheva EN, Gozem S, Rinaldi S, Melaccio F, Valentini A, Olivucci M. Origin of Fluorescence in 11-cis Locked Bovine Rhodopsin. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:2559-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ct3002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena N. Laricheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Center
for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department
of Chemistry, Center
for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Siena, via De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Melaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Siena, via De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Siena, via De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department
of Chemistry, Center
for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Siena, via De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sovdat T, Bassolino G, Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Fletcher SP, Kukura P. Backbone modification of retinal induces protein-like excited state dynamics in solution. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8318-20. [PMID: 22536821 DOI: 10.1021/ja3007929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The drastically different reactivity of the retinal chromophore in solution compared to the protein environment is poorly understood. Here, we show that the addition of a methyl group to the C═C backbone of all-trans retinal protonated Schiff base accelerates the electronic decay in solution making it comparable to the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. Contrary to the notion that reaction speed and efficiency are linked, we observe a concomitant 50% reduction in the isomerization yield. Our results demonstrate that minimal synthetic engineering of potential energy surfaces based on theoretical predictions can induce drastic changes in electronic dynamics toward those observed in an evolution-optimized protein pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sovdat
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Braem O, Penfold TJ, Cannizzo A, Chergui M. A femtosecond fluorescence study of vibrational relaxation and cooling dynamics of UV dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3513-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
23
|
Bräm O, Messina F, El-Zohry AM, Cannizzo A, Chergui M. Polychromatic femtosecond fluorescence studies of metal–polypyridine complexes in solution. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Valsson O, Angeli C, Filippi C. Excitation energies of retinal chromophores: critical role of the structural model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11015-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
25
|
Kraack JP, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Evidence for the Two-State-Two-Mode model in retinal protonated Schiff-bases from pump degenerate four-wave-mixing experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13979-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42248d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Zgrablić G, Novello AM, Parmigiani F. Population Branching in the Conical Intersection of the Retinal Chromophore Revealed by Multipulse Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:955-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja205763x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Zgrablić
- T-ReX Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science
Park, I-34012 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Novello
- T-ReX Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science
Park, I-34012 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
- Department of Condensed Matter
Physics, University of Geneva, Rue du Général-
Dufour 24, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Parmigiani
- T-ReX Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science
Park, I-34012 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, Università degli studi di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar KS, Selvaraju C, Malar EJP, Natarajan P. Existence of a new emitting singlet state of proflavine: femtosecond dynamics of the excited state processes and quantum chemical studies in different solvents. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:37-45. [PMID: 22145576 DOI: 10.1021/jp207495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) shows fluorescence emission with lifetime, 4.6 ± 0.2 ns, in all the solvents irrespective of the solvent polarity. To understand this unusual photophysical property, investigations were carried out using steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the pico- and femtosecond time domain. Molecular geometries in the ground and low-lying excited states of proflavine were examined by complete structural optimization using ab initio quantum chemical computations at HF/6-311++G** and CIS/6-311++G** levels. Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to study the excitation energies in the low-lying excited states. The steady state absorption and emission spectral details of proflavine are found to be influenced by solvents. The femtosecond fluorescence decay of the proflavine in all the solvents follows triexponential function with two ultrafast decay components (τ(1) and τ(2)) in addition to the nanosecond component. The ultrafast decay component, τ(1), is attributed to the solvation dynamics of the particular solvent used. The second ultrafast decay component, τ(2), is found to vary from 50 to 215 ps depending upon the solvent. The amplitudes of the ultrafast decay components vary with the wavelength and show time dependent spectral shift in the emission maximum. The observation is interpreted that the time dependent spectral shift is not only due to solvation dynamics but also due to the existence of more than one emitting state of proflavine in the solvent used. Time resolved area normalized emission spectral (TRANES) analysis shows an isoemissive point, indicating the presence of two emitting states in homogeneous solution. Detailed femtosecond fluorescence decay analysis allows us to isolate the two independent emitting components of the close lying singlet states. The CIS and TDDFT calculations also support the existence of the close lying emitting states. The near constant lifetime observed for proflavine in different solvents is suggested to be due to the similar dipole moments of the ground and the evolved emitting singlet state of the dye from the Franck-Condon excited state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannan Senthil Kumar
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600 113, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Muñoz-Losa A, Martín ME, Galván IF, Sánchez ML, Aguilar MA. Solvent Effects on the Radiative and Nonradiative Decay of a Model of the Rhodopsin Chromophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:4050-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200295r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Luz Sánchez
- Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Aguilar
- Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kraack JP, Buckup T, Hampp N, Motzkus M. Ground- and Excited-State Vibrational Coherence Dynamics in Bacteriorhodopsin Probed With Degenerate Four-Wave-Mixing Experiments. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1851-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
30
|
Zhang XX, Würth C, Zhao L, Resch-Genger U, Ernsting NP, Sajadi M. Femtosecond broadband fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy: improved setup and photometric correction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:063108. [PMID: 21721675 DOI: 10.1063/1.3597674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A setup for fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy (FLUPS) is described which has 80 fs temporal response (fwhm) for emission in the spectral range 425-750 nm. Broadband phase matching is achieved with tilted gate pulses at 1340 nm. Background from harmonics of the gate pulse is removed and sensitivity increased compared to previous designs. Photometric calibration of the upconversion process is performed with a set of fluorescent dyes. For Coumarin 153 in methanol the peak position, bandwidth, and asymmetry depending on delay time are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-X Zhang
- Photonics Center, College of Physical Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Loevsky B, Wand A, Bismuth O, Friedman N, Sheves M, Ruhman S. A New Spectral Window on Retinal Protein Photochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1626-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1087387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Loevsky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amir Wand
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Oshrat Bismuth
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Noga Friedman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kraack JP, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Vibrational analysis of excited and ground electronic states of all-trans retinal protonated Schiff-bases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21402-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Bräm O, Oskouei AA, Tortschanoff A, van Mourik F, Madrid M, Echave J, Cannizzo A, Chergui M. Relaxation dynamics of tryptophan in water: A UV fluorescence up-conversion and molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9034-42. [PMID: 20698563 DOI: 10.1021/jp101778u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on an ultrafast experimental and simulations study of the early relaxation events of photoexcited tryptophan in water. Experimentally, we used fluorescence up-conversion in both polychromatic and single wavelength detection modes in the 300-480 nm range with polarization dependence. We report on the time evolution of the Stokes shift, bandwidth, and anisotropy from tens of femtoseconds to picoseconds. These observables contain signatures of the simultaneous occurrence of intramolecular and solvent-molecule interactions, which we disentangle with the help of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We also observe a breakdown of the linear response approximation to describe our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Bräm
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, SB, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Malhado JP, Spezia R, Hynes JT. Dynamical Friction Effects on the Photoisomerization of a Model Protonated Schiff Base in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:3720-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106096m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Malhado
- Département de Chimie, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Spezia
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l’Environement, CNRS UMR 8587, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, Bd. F. Mitterrand, 91025 Evry, France
| | - James T. Hynes
- Département de Chimie, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oskouei AA, Tortschanoff A, Bräm O, van Mourik F, Cannizzo A, Chergui M. Three pulse UV photon echo studies of molecules in solution: Effect of the chirp. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:064506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3463448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
36
|
Valsson O, Filippi C. Photoisomerization of Model Retinal Chromophores: Insight from Quantum Monte Carlo and Multiconfigurational Perturbation Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900692y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Valsson
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Filippi
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Briand J, Bräm O, Réhault J, Léonard J, Cannizzo A, Chergui M, Zanirato V, Olivucci M, Helbing J, Haacke S. Coherent ultrafast torsional motion and isomerization of a biomimetic dipolar photoswitch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3178-87. [PMID: 20237707 DOI: 10.1039/b918603d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion, UV-Vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopy are used to study the photo-isomerization dynamics of a new type of zwitterionic photoswitch based on a N-alkylated indanylidene pyrroline Schiff base framework (ZW-NAIP). The system is biomimetic, as it mimics the photophysics of retinal, in coupling excited state charge translocation and isomerization. While the fluorescence lifetime is 140 fs, excited state absorption persists over 230 fs in the form of a vibrational wavepacket according to twisting of the isomerizing double bond. After a short "dark" time window in the UV-visible spectra, which we associate with the passage through a conical intersection (CI), the wavepacket appears on the ground state potential energy surface, as evidenced by the transient mid-IR data. This allows for a precise timing of the photoreaction all the way from the initial Franck-Condon region, through the CI and into both ground state isomers, until incoherent vibrational relaxation dominates the dynamics. The photo-reaction dynamics remarkably follow those observed for retinal in rhodopsin, with the additional benefit that in ZW-NAIP the conformational change reverses the zwitterion dipole moment direction. Last, the pronounced low-frequency coherences make these molecules ideal systems for investigating wavepacket dynamics in the vicinity of a CI and for coherent control experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Briand
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, Strasbourg University, CNRS, IPCMS-DON, 23, rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zgrablić G, Ricci M, Novello AM, Parmigiani F. Dependence of Photochemical Reactivity of the All-trans Retinal Protonated Schiff Base on the Solvent and the Excitation Wavelength. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:507-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Comparing photochemistry of n- and tert-butylamine all-trans retinal protonated Schiff-base: Effects of C N configurational inhomogeneity. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|