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Solanki SH, Patil SR. Phase studies of ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN)/sugar surfactant microemulsions: effect of chain length of alkanes and length of the hydrophobic chain of the non-ionic surfactant. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2021-2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microemulsions were formulated with the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) used instead of water as the polar phase, hydrocarbon solvents (n-alkanes) and sugar-based non-ionic surfactants, and their phase behaviour and microstructure were investigated. The sugar-based non-ionic surfactants used are non-toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Due to these properties, their use in microemulsion systems is a clear alternative to the conventionally used non-ionic surfactants from the class of alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers (C
i
E
j
). The influence of n-alkanes with different chain lengths and of sugar-based nonionic surfactants with hydrophobic chains of different lengths on the microemulsion system was also investigated. The results obtained for the microemulsions with EAN described here are similar to those obtained for microemulsion systems formulated with water as the polar solvent. Liquid crystalline (LC) phases were observed in microemulsion systems with sugar-based nonionic surfactants having longer hydrocarbon chains, at lower temperatures and higher surfactant mass fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep R. Patil
- School of Engineering and Technology, Navrachana University , Vadodara 391410 , India
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2
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Wang R, Huang X. Anionic-Surfactant-Stabilized Hydrophobic Ionic-Liquid-Based Bicontinuous Microemulsion as a Medium for Enzymatic Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20699-20709. [PMID: 34396015 PMCID: PMC8359135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic ionic liquid [C8mim][PF6] (1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate)-based bicontinuous microemulsion stabilized by the anionic surfactant [C4mim][AOT] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) was first tried as a medium for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-triggered oxidative polymerization of aniline. The effects of the mass ratio of [C8mim][PF6]-to-water (α), the mass fraction of [C4mim][AOT] in the total mixture (γ), and temperature (T) on the enzymatic polymerization were investigated using UV-vis-NIR absorption, electron spin resonance, and small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy techniques. The bicontinuous microemulsion is demonstrated to play a template role in the biosynthesis of polyaniline (PANI). The conductivity of the resulting PANI depends on the microemulsion microstructure and the microstructure- and T-dependent catalytic properties of the solubilized HRP. With the increase in α, the conductivity of the synthesized PANI decreases due to the increase in the template curvature (decrease of the microdomain size) and the decrease in the activity and stability of HRP. Compared with α, γ has little effect on the microdomain size of the template; so, the γ-dependent change in the conductivity of PANI is mainly caused by the changes of the microstructure-dependent activity and stability of HRP. Over the range of 20-35 °C, T has little effect on the microdomain size, but it greatly changes the activity and stability of HRP. With the increase in T, the activity of HRP increases steadily, but its stability decreases significantly, which should be one of the reasons why the conductivity of PANI decreases with increasing T. In conclusion, lower values of α, γ, and T are favorable for the biosynthesis of conductive PANI. The present study not only deepens the insight into the role of the template in the process of PANI synthesis, but also opens up a green new way for the biosynthesis of the conducting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xirong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, China
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3
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Gradzielski M, Duvail M, de Molina PM, Simon M, Talmon Y, Zemb T. Using Microemulsions: Formulation Based on Knowledge of Their Mesostructure. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5671-5740. [PMID: 33955731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions, as thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are known and have been studied for more than 70 years. However, even today there are still quite a number of unclear aspects, and more recent research work has modified and extended our picture. This review gives a short overview of how the understanding of microemulsions has developed, the current view on their properties and structural features, and in particular, how they are related to applications. We also discuss more recent developments regarding nonclassical microemulsions such as surfactant-free (ultraflexible) microemulsions or ones containing uncommon solvents or amphiphiles (like antagonistic salts). These new findings challenge to some extent our previous understanding of microemulsions, which therefore has to be extended to look at the different types of microemulsions in a unified way. In particular, the flexibility of the amphiphilic film is the key property to classify different microemulsion types and their properties in this review. Such a classification of microemulsions requires a thorough determination of their structural properties, and therefore, the experimental methods to determine microemulsion structure and dynamics are reviewed briefly, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in the field of direct imaging by means of electron microscopy. Based on this classification of microemulsions, we then discuss their applications, where the application demands have to be met by the properties of the microemulsion, which in turn are controlled by the flexibility of their amphiphilic interface. Another frequently important aspect for applications is the control of the rheological properties. Normally, microemulsions are low viscous and therefore enhancing viscosity has to be achieved by either having high concentrations (often not wished for) or additives, which do not significantly interfere with the microemulsion. Accordingly, this review gives a comprehensive account of the properties of microemulsions, including most recent developments and bringing them together from a united viewpoint, with an emphasis on how this affects the way of formulating microemulsions for a given application with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam Simon
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
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4
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Biocompatible Solvents and Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants as Sustainable Components to Formulate Environmentally Friendly Organized Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091378. [PMID: 33922597 PMCID: PMC8122929 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we deal with the formation and application of biocompatible water-in-oil microemulsions commonly known as reverse micelles (RMs). These RMs are extremely important to facilitate the dissolution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds for biocompatibility in applications in drug delivery, food science, and nanomedicine. The combination of two wisely chosen types of compounds such as biocompatible non-polar solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) with amphiphilic character (surface-active ionic liquids, SAILs) can be used to generate organized systems that perfectly align with the Green Chemistry concepts. Thus, we describe the current state of SAILs (protic and aprotic) to prepare RMs using non-polar but safe solvents such as esters derived from fatty acids, among others. Moreover, the use of the biocompatible solvents as the external phase in RMs and microemulsions/nanoemulsions with the other commonly used biocompatible surfactants is detailed showing the diversity of preparations and important applications. As shown by multiple examples, the properties of the RMs can be modified by changes in the type of surfactant and/or external solvents but a key fact to note is that all these modifications generate novel systems with dissimilar properties. These interesting properties cannot be anticipated or extrapolated, and deep analysis is always required. Finally, the works presented provide valuable information about the use of biocompatible RMs, making them a green and promising alternative toward efficient and sustainable chemistry.
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Wang J, Li W, Zhao K. Effects of ionic liquids on microstructure and thermal stability of microemulsions by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Wang R, Jin W, Huang X. Construction of zwitterionic surfactant-stabilized hydrophobic ionic liquid-based bicontinuous microemulsion and microstructure-dependent activity of solubilized lipase. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Pontoni D, DiMichiel M, Deutsch M. Nanoscale Structure in Short‐Chain Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1887-1897. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pontoni
- Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM) ESRF – The European Synchrotron 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38043 Grenoble France
| | - Marco DiMichiel
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38043 Grenoble France
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Dept. & Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
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8
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9
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Solanki SH, Patil SR. Phase behavior and microstructure of sugar surfactant-ionic liquid microemulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1731528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz H. Solanki
- School of Engineering and Technology, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
| | - Sandeep R. Patil
- School of Engineering and Technology, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
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10
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Pontoni D, DiMichiel M, Deutsch M. Temperature evolution of the bulk nano-structure in a homologous series of room temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Warr GG, Atkin R. Solvophobicity and amphiphilic self-assembly in neoteric and nanostructured solvents. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Wang R, Huang X. Anionic surfactant-stabilized hydrophobic ionic liquid-based bicontinuous microemulsion: Formulation, microstructure and laccase kinetics. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Thater JC, Stubenrauch C, Glatter O, Klemmer H, Sottmann T. Microstructure of ionic liquid (EAN)-rich and oil-rich microemulsions studied by SANS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 21:160-170. [PMID: 30515509 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we investigated the phase behavior of microemulsions consisting of the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), an n-alkane and a nonionic alkyl polyglycolether (CiEj). We found the same general trends as for the aqueous counterparts, i.e. a transition from an oil-in-EAN microemulsion via a bicontinuous microemulsion to an EAN-in-oil microemulsion with increasing temperature. However, unlike what happens in the corresponding aqueous systems, in EAN-in-oil microemulsions only a very small amount of EAN was detected by NMR-measurements. This is why we investigated the phase behavior and microstructure of EAN-rich n-dodecane-in-EAN microemulsions and oil-rich EAN-in-n-octane microemulsions. We found that the ionic liquid emulsification failure boundary has an extraordinarily small slope, which suggests that the amphiphilic film loses its ability to solubilize EAN with an increase in temperature by only a few degrees. The analysis of the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) curves unambiguously shows that this behavior is due to the fact that the EAN molecules form a substructure with a characteristic length scale of Λ ≈ 8 Å inside the EAN-in-oil droplets. In more detail, the analysis of the SANS data with the GIFT method revealed a transition from spherical to cylindrical structures approaching the respective critical endpoint temperatures. By using the respective form factors and combining them with a Gaussian spatial intensity distribution to account for the EAN sub-structure we were able to describe the scattering curves nearly quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Thater
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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14
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Wang R, Feng Z, Jin W, Huang X. Phase Behavior of the Anionic Surfactant [Bmim][AOT]-Stabilized Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid-Based Microemulsions and the Effect of n-Alcohols. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Education Ministry of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Education Ministry of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Education Ministry of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xirong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Education Ministry of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Hashimoto K, Fujii K, Kusano T, Hirosawa K, Shibayama M. Small-angle X-ray scattering study on nano-scale structures controlled by water content in a binary water/ionic liquid system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18355-18360. [PMID: 29938721 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the water-in-ionic-liquid microemulsions (ME) formed in a binary water/ionic liquid system, without organic solvents, using a surfactant ionic liquid (SAIL) based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mIm+) as the cation and dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT-) as the anion. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that MEs were stably formed in the binary water/SAIL solutions in the low water content region (water volume fraction, φw < 0.1), and the ME size systematically increased with increasing φw. We further investigated the nanostructures of the high φw region using a combination of SAXS and rheological measurements and found that the MEs changed to a stacked lamellar structure comprising SAIL bilayers and water phases at φw > 0.12. At the largest water content, φw = 0.99, vesicle structures were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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16
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Lian Y, Zhao K. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of micelles and microemulsions formed in a hydrophilic ionic liquid: the relaxation mechanism and interior parameters. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Permittivity, conductivity and volume fraction of continuous and dispersed phases of micelles and non-aqueous microemulsions formed in ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Lian
- Key Laboratory for Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Hebei
- China
| | - Kongshuang Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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17
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Pontoni D, Haddad J, Di Michiel M, Deutsch M. Self-segregated nanostructure in room temperature ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6947-6955. [PMID: 28849840 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nanosegregated bulk structure, and its evolution with the cation's alkyl length n, are studied by X-ray scattering for an unprecedentedly broad homologous series of a model room-temperature ionic liquid, [CnMIM][NTf2] (n = 4-22). A tri-periodic local structure is found, with the lateral periodicities, dII and dIII independent of n, and a longitudinal one, dI, linearly increasing with n. The results are consistent with a local structure comprising alternating layers of polar headgroups and apolar, interdigitated, partly overlapping, cations' alkyl tails, of an average macroscopic mass density close to that of liquid alkanes. A slope decrease in the linear dI(n) suggests a change from a lower to a higher rate of increase with n of chain overlap for n ≥ 12. The order decay lengths of the layering, and of the lateral chain packing, increase with n, as expected from the increasing van der Waals interaction's domination of the structure. The headgroups' lateral packing decay length decreases with n, due to increasing frustration between the longer lateral periodicity preferred by the headgroups, and the shorter lateral periodicity preferred by the chains. A comparison of the bulk and surface structures highlights the surface's ordering effect, which, however, does not induce here a surface phase different from the bulk, as it does in liquid crystals and liquid alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pontoni
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron and Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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18
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Weiss H, Mars J, Li H, Kircher G, Ivanova O, Feoktystov A, Soltwedel O, Bier M, Mezger M. Mesoscopic Correlation Functions in Heterogeneous Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:620-629. [PMID: 28001074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of ionic liquids composed of cations with long aliphatic side chains is structural heterogeneities on the nanometer length scale. This so-called microphase separation arises from the clustering of aliphatic moieties. The temperature dependence of the liquid bulk structure was studied by small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering for a set of methylimidazolium ([C18C1im]+, [C22C1im]+) based ionic liquids with tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FAP]-), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]-), and bis(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide ([NNf2]-) anions. The experimental data is quantitatively analyzed using a generalized Teubner-Strey model. Discussion of the resulting periodicity d and correlation length ξ shows that the structural heterogeneities are governed by the interplay between the alkyl chain length, the geometry of the anion, and entropic effects. Connections between the mesoscopic correlation functions, density, and entropy of fusion are discussed in comparison to alcohols. The observed dependencies allow predictions on the mesoscopic correlation functions based on macroscopic bulk quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hailong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kircher
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oxana Ivanova
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Olaf Soltwedel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Outstation at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Bier
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
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About the nanostructure of the ternary system water - [BMIm]PF 6 - TX-100. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 484:237-248. [PMID: 27619383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Many efforts have been made to formulate water-IL microemulsions. One of the most intensely studied systems is H2O - 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm]PF6) - 4-octylphenol polyethoxylate (TX-100) and it is not questioned that this system forms microemulsions. The nanostructures observed for traditional microemulsions are postulated with the surfactant being adsorbed at the interface such that the hydrophilic EO sides intrude into the water domains, while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains are immersed into [BMIm]PF6. However, the high polarity of [BMIm]PF6 and the observation that [BMIm]PF6 mixes well with oligoethylene oxides but hardly with non-polar solvents like toluene or alkanes are not in line with this picture. EXPERIMENTS We re-studied the ternary system H2O - [BMIm]PF6 - TX-100 by measuring phase diagrams, determining tie-lines, and carrying out ROESY NMR and PFG NMR measurements. FINDINGS We found that the hydrophobic part of the surfactant interacts neither with water nor with [BMIm]PF6, while both solvents interact with the hydrophilic part of the surfactant. We suggest that the surfactant is not adsorbed at the interface between water and the IL, but forms normal spherical or elongated micelles or even continuous aggregates with the hydrocarbon chains forming the interior of the aggregates.
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20
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Porada JH, Zauser D, Feucht B, Stubenrauch C. Tailored ionic liquid-based surfactants for the formation of microemulsions with water and a hydrophobic ionic liquid. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6352-6356. [PMID: 27405741 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions (μe) with water and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) usually require 45-60 wt% surfactant to solubilize equal amounts of water and IL. To increase the efficiency we designed a new class of surfactants by combining a hydrophilic but IL-ophobic carbohydrate-based part with a hydrophobic but IL-ophilic IL-based part. These surfactants allow formulating microemulsions with 20 wt% surfactant only which opens up a new arena for efficient water-IL μes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Porada
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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21
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Rahman A, Rahman MM, Mollah MYA, Susan MABH. Dynamic Percolation and Swollen Behavior of Nanodroplets in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate/Triton X-100/Cyclohexane Microemulsions. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6995-7002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adhip Rahman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M. Muhibur Rahman
- University Grants Commission of Bangladesh, 29/1 Agargaon, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M. Yousuf A. Mollah
- University Grants Commission of Bangladesh, 29/1 Agargaon, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Yu X, Li Q, Wang M, Du N, Huang X. Study on the catalytic performance of laccase in the hydrophobic ionic liquid-based bicontinuous microemulsion stabilized by polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactants. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:1713-1720. [PMID: 26686358 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To formulate a compatible green medium for the conversion of a hydrophobic substrate by a hydrophilic enzyme, we investigated the phase behavior of pseudo ternary hydrophobic ionic liquid (HIL)/buffer/polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactant (CnEm)/n-alcohol system and the effects of the components on the formulation of the HIL-based bicontinuous microemulsion. It is found that small head group of the surfactant, high concentration of n-alcohol (medium/long alkyl chain) and low cohesive energy density of the HIL result in low phase transition temperature. In the CnEm stabilized compatible bicontinuous microemulsion, the kinetics of laccase catalyzed oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol were also investigated. It is found that in addition to temperature, n-alcohol is the key parameter affecting the catalytic performance of laccase, and the optimum n-alcohol depends on the type of HIL as an oil phase. All the kinetic parameters, such as Km, kcat, kcat/Km, and Ea (apparent activation energy), indicate that the bicontinuous microemulsion consisting of [Omim]NTf2/buffer/CnEm/n-hexanol is a suitable medium for the laccase-catalyzed reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the formulation of HIL-based bicontinuous microemulsion for enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid & Interface Chemistry of the Education Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
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Misono T, Okada K, Sakai K, Abe M, Sakai H. Surface Adsorption and Micelle Formation of Polyoxyethylene-type Nonionic Surfactants in Mixtures of Water and Hydrophilic Imidazolium-type Ionic Liquid. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:499-506. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Misono
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kohei Okada
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Masahiko Abe
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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24
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Kang X, Ma X, Zhang J, Xing X, Mo G, Wu Z, Li Z, Han B. Formation of large nanodomains in liquid solutions near the phase boundary. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14286-14289. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large nanodomains were formed in liquid solutions near the phase separation point where the size of nanodomains increased dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jianling Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Guang Mo
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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25
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Misono T, Sekihara R, Endo T, Sakai K, Abe M, Sakai H. Ternary phase behavior of phytosterol ethoxylate, water, and imidazolium-based ionic liquid systems – Lyotropic liquid crystal formation over a wide range of compositions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Nanda R, Kumar A. Phase Behavior, Diffusion, Structural Characteristics, and pH of Aqueous Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Confined Media: Insights into Microviscosity and Microporsity in the [C4C4im][NTf2] + Water System. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:1641-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511318t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nanda
- Physical and Material Chemistry
Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Physical and Material Chemistry
Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
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27
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Kusano T, Fujii K, Hashimoto K, Shibayama M. Water-in-ionic liquid microemulsion formation in solvent mixture of aprotic and protic imidazolium-based ionic liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11890-11896. [PMID: 25226398 DOI: 10.1021/la502856k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report that water-in-ionic liquid microemulsions (MEs) are stably formed in an organic solvent-free system, i.e., a mixture of aprotic (aIL) and protic (pIL) imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) containing the anionic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT). Structural investigations using dynamic light, small-angle X-ray, and small-angle neutron scatterings were performed for MEs formed in mixtures of aprotic 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C8mIm(+)]) and protic 1-alkylimidazolium ([CnImH(+)], n = 4 or 8) IL with a common anion, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([TFSA(-)]). It was found that the ME structure strongly depends on the mixing composition of the aIL/pIL in the medium. The ME size appreciably increases with increasing pIL content in both [C8mIm(+)][TFSA(-)]/[C8ImH(+)][TFSA(-)] and [C8mIm(+)][TFSA(-)]/[C4ImH(+)][TFSA(-)] mixtures. The size is larger for the n = 8 system than that for the n = 4 system. These results indicate that the shell part of MEs is composed of both AOT and pIL cation, and the ME size can be tuned by pIL content in the aIL/pIL mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kusano
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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28
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Jiang HJ, FitzGerald PA, Dolan A, Atkin R, Warr GG. Amphiphilic Self-Assembly of Alkanols in Protic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9983-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504998t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Joy Jiang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul A. FitzGerald
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Dolan
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Centre
for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, Chemistry Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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29
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Thater JC, Gérard V, Stubenrauch C. Microemulsions with the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate: phase behavior, composition, and microstructure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8283-8289. [PMID: 25014727 DOI: 10.1021/la501899c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate properties of microemulsions which consist of the ionic liquid (IL) ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), the nonionic surfactant C12E3 and an n-alkane, namely n-dodecane or n-octane. The compositions of the coexisting phases are calculated from the densities and volumes of the respective phases. Since the interfacial tension between the water-rich and the oil-rich phase in traditional microemulsions (containing water and oil) relates to the microstructure, spinning drop tensiometry is used to measure the interfacial tension σab and to estimate the domain sizes. Finally, measuring the self-diffusion coefficients of all components via the Fourier Transform Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo (FTPGSE) NMR technique allowed distinguishing between continuous and discrete structures. Our results indicate that the general principles underlying water-n-alkane-CiEj microemulsions can indeed be transferred to oil-in-EAN droplet and the respective bicontinuous microemulsions, while differences are observed for EAN-in-oil droplet microemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Thater
- Universität Stuttgart , Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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30
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Sharma SC, Atkin R, Warr GG. The Effect of Ionic Liquid Hydrophobicity and Solvent Miscibility on Pluronic Amphiphile Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14568-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4086443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Atkin
- Centre
for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, Chemistry Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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32
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Liao Q, Chai J, Bai T, Wang D, Sun H, Liu N. Effect of Oil/Water Mass Ratios on the Composition and Solubilization of Microemulsion Systems Containing Tween/Alcohol/Alkane/NaCl Solution. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The composition and solubilization ability of microemulsion systems Tween (Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80)/1-butanol/decane/7.5 % NaCl solution at various oil/water mass ratios were studied. As oil/water mass ratios (α) increase, the solubility of the alcohol increases, and for the system containing Tween 60 or Tween 80, the mass fractions of the alcohol in the interfacial layer, AS
, increase, whereas for the system containing Tween 20, the mass fractions of the alcohol in the interfacial layer, AS
, decrease. Also, the solubilization ability (SP∗) of the microemulsion systems decreases. The solubilization ability of the microemulsion systems containing different Tween surfactants in descending order is Tween 60 > Tween 80 > Tween 20. The effects of alcohols and alkanes on the composition and solubilization abilities of microemulsion systems Tween/alcohol/alkane/NaCl solution were also investigated.
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33
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Amphiphilic behavior of two phosphonium based ionic liquids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 395:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Sharma SC, Warr GG. Phase behavior, self-assembly, and emulsification of Tween 80/water mixtures with limonene and perfluoromethyldecalin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11707-11713. [PMID: 22813083 DOI: 10.1021/la300942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior, microstructure, and emulsification of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), water, and d-limonene (LM) or perfluoromethyldecalin (PFMD) has been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and polarizing optical microscopy. In the Tween 80/water binary system, a micellar solution (L(1)), a hexagonal (H(1)) phase, and a water-swellable isotropic surfactant liquid (L(2)) phase are successively formed at 25 °C. LM can be solubilized into all of the phases formed by Tween 80/water mixtures, whereas no solubilization of PFMD occurs. The L(2) phase was found by small-angle neutron scattering to be bicontinuous with low interfacial curvature. Added water swells and amplifies the pre-existing amphiphilic structure. The stability of oil-in-H(1) complex emulsions is found to be sensitive to changes in structure that accompany solubilization.
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35
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Kunz W, Zemb T, Harrar A. Using ionic liquids to formulate microemulsions: Current state of affairs. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Chai JL, Wu YT, Li XQ, Yang B, Lu JJ. Effect of Oil/Water Ratios on the Phase Behavior and the Solubilization Ability of Microemulsion Systems Containing Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. J SOLUTION CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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37
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Harrar A, Zech O, Klaus A, Bauduin P, Kunz W. Influence of surfactant amphiphilicity on the phase behavior of IL-based microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:423-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Lian Y, Zhao K. Dielectric Analysis of Micelles and Microemulsions Formed in a Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid. I. Interaction and Percolation. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11368-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205493r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kongshuang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Harrar A, Zech O, Hartl R, Bauduin P, Zemb T, Kunz W. [emim][etSO4] as the polar phase in low-temperature-stable microemulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1635-1642. [PMID: 21226501 DOI: 10.1021/la1037316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that microemulsions with an IL as the continuous phase can be formed so that they are stable over a wide temperature range and have intermediary properties between flexible and stiff microemulsions. Three components (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][etSO(4)]), limonene, and octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X 100, abbreviated as TX-100)) were used. This ternary system has been characterized from ambient temperature down to -10 °C by means of conductivity, viscosity, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The SAXS data exhibit a characteristic single, broad scattering peak in conjunction with a typical q(-4) decay at large q values. The SAXS data have also been interpreted in terms of a dimensionless dilution plot, demonstrating that microstructures are neither isolated droplets nor a random flexible film structure but resemble molten liquid crystals (i.e., they are formed from locally cylindrical or planar structures). This semirigidity is attributed to a good match between the surfactant and the ionic liquid; this holds in a temperature range well below 0 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Harrar
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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40
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Smirnova NA, Safonova EA. Ionic liquids as surfactants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Gao L, Yin H, Wang D. Ionic liquids assisted formation of an oil/water emulsion stabilised by a carbon nanotube/ionic liquid composite layer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2535-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b920568n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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