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Zhuang L, Wang J, Wan J, Huang C. Why do dipole moments of HCl-water clusters fail to determine acid dissociation? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17910-17917. [PMID: 38888219 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This paper quantitatively examines why dipole moments of HCl(H2O)n=1-8 cannot serve as the dissociation criterion for acid molecules using the Hirshfeld-I approach. Also, we propose the possible experimental parameter 〈P(HCl)〉, whose statistical average enables the assessment of acid dissociation in mixed clusters. Furthermore, our calculations reveal that a minimum of four water molecules are necessary to dissociate an HCl molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Jianguo Wan
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Chuanfu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
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2
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Shi R, Zhao Z, Huang X, Wang P, Su Y, Sai L, Liang X, Han H, Zhao J. Ground-State Structures of Hydrated Calcium Ion Clusters From Comprehensive Genetic Algorithm Search. Front Chem 2021; 9:637750. [PMID: 34277560 PMCID: PMC8277924 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.637750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched the lowest-energy structures of hydrated calcium ion clusters Ca2+(H2O)n (n = 10-18) in the whole potential energy surface by the comprehensive genetic algorithm (CGA). The lowest-energy structures of Ca2+(H2O)10-12 clusters show that Ca2+ is always surrounded by six H2O molecules in the first shell. The number of first-shell water molecules changes from six to eight at n = 12. In the range of n = 12-18, the number of first-shell water molecules fluctuates between seven and eight, meaning that the cluster could pack the water molecules in the outer shell even though the inner shell is not full. Meanwhile, the number of water molecules in the second shell and the total hydrogen bonds increase with an increase in the cluster size. The distance between Ca2+ and the adjacent water molecules increases, while the average adjacent O-O distance decreases as the cluster size increases, indicating that the interaction between Ca2+ and the adjacent water molecules becomes weaker and the interaction between water molecules becomes stronger. The interaction energy and natural bond orbital results show that the interaction between Ca2+ and the water molecules is mainly derived from the interaction between Ca2+ and the adjacent water molecules. The charge transfer from the lone pair electron orbital of adjacent oxygen atoms to the empty orbital of Ca2+ plays a leading role in the interaction between Ca2+ and water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Linwei Sai
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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3
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Rivic F, Fuchs TM, Schäfer R. Discriminating the influence of thermal excitation and the presence of structural isomers on the Stark and Zeeman effect of AlSn12 clusters by combined electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9971-9979. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments shows a connection between non-polar and superatomic species for AlSn12 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rivic
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Thomas M. Fuchs
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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4
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Rivas N, Sciaini G, Marceca E. Static and dynamic scavenging of ammoniated electrons by nitromethane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21972-21978. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the time-resolved scavenging efficiency of nitromethane for transient electron species in liquid ammonia, at a temperature of 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Rivas
- The Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Germán Sciaini
- The Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Ernesto Marceca
- Department of Inorganic
- Analytical and Physical Chemistry-FCEN
- Universidad de Buenos Aires and INQUIMAE-CONICET. Cdad. Universitaria
- Buenos Aires C1428EGA
- Argentina
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5
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Carrera Á, Marceca E. Electric Deflection of Middle-Size Ammonia Clusters Containing (e–, Na+) Pairs. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4207-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Carrera
- INQUIMAE-DQIAQF, Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Marceca
- INQUIMAE-DQIAQF, Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Guggemos N, Slavíček P, Kresin VV. Electric dipole moments of nanosolvated acid molecules in water clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:043401. [PMID: 25679889 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electric dipole moments of (H2O)nDCl (n=3-9) clusters have been measured by the beam-deflection method. Reflecting the (dynamical) charge distribution within the system, the dipole moment contributes information about the microscopic structure of nanoscale solvation. The addition of a DCl molecule to a water cluster results in a strongly enhanced susceptibility. There is evidence for a noticeable rise in the dipole moment occurring at n≈5-6. This size is consistent with predictions for the onset of ionic dissociation. Additionally, a molecular-dynamics model suggests that even with a nominally bound impurity an enhanced dipole moment can arise due to the thermal and zero-point motion of the proton and the water molecules. The experimental measurements and the calculations draw attention to the importance of fluctuations in defining the polarity of water-based nanoclusters and generally to the essential role played by motional effects in determining the response of fluxional nanoscale systems under realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Guggemos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitaly V Kresin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
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Götz DA, Heiles S, Johnston RL, Schäfer R. Note: Gas phase structures of bare Si8 and Si11 clusters from molecular beam electric deflection experiments. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:186101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4717708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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8
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Cabanillas-Vidosa I, Rossa M, Pino GA, Ferrero JC, Cobos CJ. Photoionization and ab initio study of Ba(H2O)n (n = 1–4) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4276-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23510b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Heiles S, Schäfer S, Schäfer R. On the rotational temperature and structure dependence of electric field deflection experiments: A case study of germanium clusters. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3610390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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10
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Denifl S, Zappa F, Mähr I, Mauracher A, Probst M, Urban J, Mach P, Bacher A, Bohme DK, Echt O, Märk TD, Scheier P. Ionization of doped helium nanodroplets: complexes of C60 with water clusters. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:234307. [PMID: 20572705 DOI: 10.1063/1.3436721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water clusters are known to undergo an autoprotonation reaction upon ionization by photons or electron impact, resulting in the formation of (H(2)O)(n)H(3)O(+). Ejection of OH cannot be quenched by near-threshold ionization; it is only partly quenched when clusters are complexed with inert gas atoms. Mass spectra recorded by electron ionization of water-doped helium droplets show that the helium matrix also fails to quench OH loss. The situation changes drastically when helium droplets are codoped with C(60). Charged C(60)-water complexes are predominantly unprotonated; C(60)(H(2)O)(4)(+) and (C(60))(2)(H(2)O)(4)(+) appear with enhanced abundance. Another intense ion series is due to C(60)(H(2)O)(n)OH(+); dehydrogenation is proposed to be initiated by charge transfer between the primary He(+) ion and C(60). The resulting electronically excited C(60)(+*) leads to the formation of a doubly charged C(60)-water complex either via emission of an Auger electron from C(60)(+*), or internal Penning ionization of the attached water complex, followed by charge separation within {C(60)(H(2)O)(n)}(2+). This mechanism would also explain previous observations of dehydrogenation reactions in doped helium droplets. Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy scans reveal spontaneous (unimolecular) dissociation of C(60)(H(2)O)(n)(+). In addition to the loss of single water molecules, a prominent reaction channel yields bare C(60)(+) for sizes n=3, 4, or 6. Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations for C(60)-water complexes reveal negligible charge transfer within neutral complexes. Cationic complexes are well described as water clusters weakly bound to C(60)(+). For n=3, 4, or 6, fissionlike desorption of the entire water complex from C(60)(H(2)O)(n)(+) energetically competes with the evaporation of a single water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Heiles S, Schäfer S, Schäfer R. Mass spectrometry and beam deflection studies of tin-lead nanoalloy clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:247-53. [PMID: 20024466 DOI: 10.1039/b917206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photo-ionization mass spectrometry and electric beam deflection experiments were used to study isolated Sn(M)Pb(N) clusters (7 <or=N + M<or= 13 for tin-rich clusters, 7 <or=N + M<or= 15 for lead-rich clusters) in a molecular beam apparatus. The observed mass spectra reveal a broad abundance distribution of the bimetallic clusters in which all possible cluster compositions can be identified within the investigated size ranges. Comparison of the relative cluster intensities between pure tin or lead clusters (Sn(N+M) and Pb(N+M)) and mixed Sn(M)Pb(N) clusters indicate quite similar relative abundance distributions which can be smoothly shifted from one to the other extreme by changing the composition. The mass spectroscopic findings could be explained by assuming a substitution "alloy" formation in the Sn(M)Pb(N) cluster system. In combination, the dielectric properties were determined by passing the bimetallic clusters through an inhomogeneous electric field. The observed polarizabilities are significantly increased for most of the bimetallic clusters. This can be explained in an adiabatic polarization model by the presence of permanent electric dipole moments. These observations demonstrate how the electronic properties are not only crucially influenced by the cluster size but also by the composition of this nanoalloy model system. In addition to the enhanced polarizability, most of the measured beam profiles for tin-rich clusters show detectable beam broadenings due to the permanent dipole moments, in contrast to lead-rich clusters which possess considerable smaller dipole moments. Molecular dynamic simulations of the measured beam profile for Sn(6)Pb(1) taking theoretically calculated isomeric structures and dipole moments into account yields no completely satisfying outcome. Therefore we discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heiles
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Yang F, Wang X, Yang M, Krishtal A, van Alsenoy C, Delarue P, Senet P. Effect of hydrogen bonds on polarizability of a water molecule in (H2O)N (N = 6, 10, 20) isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9239-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c001007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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