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Bizior A, Williamson G, Harris T, Hoskisson PA, Javelle A. Prokaryotic ammonium transporters: what has three decades of research revealed? MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001360. [PMID: 37450375 PMCID: PMC10433425 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of ammonium across cellular membranes is a fundamental process in all domains of life. In plants, bacteria and fungi, ammonium represents a vital source of nitrogen, which is scavenged from the external environment. In contrast, in animal cells ammonium is a cytotoxic metabolic waste product and must be excreted to prevent cell death. Transport of ammonium is facilitated by the ubiquitous Amt/Mep/Rh transporter superfamily. In addition to their function as transporters, Amt/Mep/Rh proteins play roles in a diverse array of biological processes and human physiopathology. Despite this clear physiological importance and medical relevance, the molecular mechanism of Amt/Mep/Rh proteins has remained elusive. Crystal structures of bacterial Amt/Rh proteins suggest electroneutral transport, whilst functional evidence supports an electrogenic mechanism. Here, focusing on bacterial members of the family, we summarize the structure of Amt/Rh proteins and what three decades of research tells us concerning the general mechanisms of ammonium translocation, in particular the possibility that the transport mechanism might differ in various members of the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bizior
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gordon Williamson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Thomas Harris
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Arnaud Javelle
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
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2
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A pore-occluding phenylalanine gate prevents ion slippage through plant ammonium transporters. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16765. [PMID: 31727964 PMCID: PMC6856177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout all kingdoms of life, highly conserved transport proteins mediate the passage of ammonium across membranes. These transporters share a high homology and a common pore structure. Whether NH3, NH4+ or NH3 + H+ is the molecularly transported substrate, still remains unclear for distinct proteins. High-resolution protein structures of several ammonium transporters suggested two conserved pore domains, an external NH4+ recruitment site and a pore-occluding twin phenylalanine gate, to take over a crucial role in substrate determination and selectivity. Here, we show that while the external recruitment site seems essential for AtAMT1;2 function, single mutants of the double phenylalanine gate were not reduced in their ammonium transport capacity. Despite an unchanged ammonium transport rate, a single mutant of the inner phenylalanine showed reduced N-isotope selection that was proposed to be associated with ammonium deprotonation during transport. Even though ammonium might pass the mutant AMT pore in the ionic form, the transporter still excluded potassium ions from being transported. Our results, highlight the importance of the twin phenylalanine gate in blocking uncontrolled ammonium ion flux.
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3
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Neuhäuser B, Dynowski M, Ludewig U. Switching substrate specificity of AMT/MEP/ Rh proteins. Channels (Austin) 2015; 8:496-502. [PMID: 25483282 DOI: 10.4161/19336950.2014.967618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In organisms from all kingdoms of life, ammonia and its conjugated ion ammonium are transported across membranes by proteins of the AMT/Rh family. Efficient and successful growth often depends on sufficient ammonium nutrition. The proteins mediating this transport, the so called Ammonium Transporter (AMT) or Rhesus like (Rh) proteins, share a very similar trimeric overall structure and a high sequence similarity even throughout the kingdoms. Even though structural components of the transport mechanism, like an external substrate recruitment site, an essential twin histidine pore motif, a phenylalanine gate and the hydrophobic pore are strongly conserved and have been analyzed in detail by molecular dynamic simulations and mutational studies, the substrate(s), which pass the central pores of the AMT/Rh subunits, NH4(+), NH3 + H(+), NH4(+) + H(+) or NH3, are still a matter of debate for most proteins, including the best characterized AmtB protein from Escherichia coli. The lack of a robust expression system for functional analysis has hampered proof of structural and mutational studies, although the NH3 transport function for Rh-like proteins is rarely disputed. In plant transporters belonging to the subfamily AMT1, transport is associated with electrical currents, while some plant transporters, notably of the AMT2 type, were suggested to transport NH3 across the membrane, without associated ionic currents. Here we summarize data in favor of each substrate for the distinct AMT/Rh classes, discuss mutants and how they differ in structure and functionality. A common mechanism with deprotonation and subsequent NH3 transport through the central subunit pore is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuhäuser
- a Institute of Crop Science; Nutritional Crop Physiology ; University of Hohenheim ; Stuttgart , Germany
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4
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Neuhäuser B, Ludewig U. Uncoupling of ionic currents from substrate transport in the plant ammonium transporter AtAMT1;2. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11650-11655. [PMID: 24634212 PMCID: PMC4002075 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c114.552802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ammonium flux across prokaryotic, plant, and animal membranes is regulated by structurally related ammonium transporters (AMT) and/or related Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins. Several plant AMT homologs, such as AtAMT1;2 from Arabidopsis, elicit ionic, ammonium-dependent currents when expressed in oocytes. By contrast, functional evidence for the transport of NH3 and the lack of coupled ionic currents has been provided for many Rh proteins. Furthermore, despite high resolution structures the transported substrate in many bacterial homologs, such as AmtB from Escherichia coli, is still unclear. In a heterologous genetic screen in yeast, AtAMT1;2 mutants with reduced transport activity were identified based on the resistance of yeast to the toxic transport analog methylamine. When expressed in oocytes, the reduced transport capacity was confirmed for either of the mutants Q67K, M72I,and W145S. Structural alignments suggest that these mutations were dispersed at subunit contact sites of trimeric AMTs, without direct contact to the pore lumen. Surprisingly, and in contrast to the wild type AtAMT1;2 transporter, ionic currents were not associated with the substrate transport in these mutants. Whether these data suggest that the wild type AtAMT1;2 functions as H(+)/NH3 co-transporter, as well as how the strict substrate coupling with protons is lost by the mutations, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 20, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 20, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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van Heeswijk WC, Westerhoff HV, Boogerd FC. Nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli: putting molecular data into a systems perspective. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77:628-95. [PMID: 24296575 PMCID: PMC3973380 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00025-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli. The hierarchy intertwines transport, metabolism, signaling leading to posttranslational modification, and transcription. The protein components of the network include an ammonium transporter (AmtB), a glutamine transporter (GlnHPQ), two ammonium assimilation pathways (glutamine synthetase [GS]-glutamate synthase [glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase {GOGAT}] and glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]), the two bifunctional enzymes adenylyl transferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme (ATase) and uridylyl transferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase), the two trimeric signal transduction proteins (GlnB and GlnK), the two-component regulatory system composed of the histidine protein kinase nitrogen regulator II (NRII) and the response nitrogen regulator I (NRI), three global transcriptional regulators called nitrogen assimilation control (Nac) protein, leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), and cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp), the glutaminases, and the nitrogen-phosphotransferase system. First, the structural and molecular knowledge on these proteins is reviewed. Thereafter, the activities of the components as they engage together in transport, metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription and their regulation are discussed. Next, old and new molecular data and physiological data are put into a common perspective on integral cellular functioning, especially with the aim of resolving counterintuitive or paradoxical processes featured in nitrogen assimilation. Finally, we articulate what still remains to be discovered and what general lessons can be learned from the vast amounts of data that are available now.
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Sen A, Sahu D, Ganguly B. In silico studies toward understanding the interactions of DNA base pairs with protonated linear/cyclic diamines. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9840-50. [PMID: 23909683 DOI: 10.1021/jp402847u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protonated amino groups are ubiquitous in nature and important in the fields of chemistry and biology. In search of efficient polyamine analogues, we have performed DFT calculations on the interactions of some simple cyclic and constrained protonated diamines with the DNA base pairs and compared the results with those obtained for the corresponding interactions involving linear diamines, which mimic biogenic polyamines such as spermine. The interactions are mainly governed by the strong hydrogen bonding between the ligand and the DNA base pairs. The DFT calculations suggest that the major-groove N7 interaction (GC base pair) with linear diamine is energetically more favored than other possible interactions, as reported with spermine. The cyclic diamines exhibited better interactions with the N7 site of the AT and GC base pairs of DNA than the linear diamines. The net atomic charges calculated for the protonated amine hydrogens were higher for the cyclic systems than for the linear diamines, inducing better binding affinity with the DNA base pairs. The stable conformers of cyclic diamines were predicted using the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The positions of the protonated diamine groups in these cyclic systems are crucial for effective binding with the DNA base pairs. The DFT-calculated results show that diequatorial (ee) 1,2-cyclohexadiamine (CHDA) is a promising candidate as a polyamine analogue for biogenic polyamines. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using explicit water molecules for the interaction of representative ligands with the DNA base pairs to examine the influence of solvent molecules on such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Sen
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical Discipline & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
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Wang J, Fulford T, Shao Q, Javelle A, Yang H, Zhu W, Merrick M. Ammonium transport proteins with changes in one of the conserved pore histidines have different performance in ammonia and methylamine conduction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62745. [PMID: 23667517 PMCID: PMC3647058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two conserved histidine residues are located near the mid-point of the conduction channel of ammonium transport proteins. The role of these histidines in ammonia and methylamine transport was evaluated by using a combination of in vivo studies, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and potential of mean force (PMF) calculations. Our in vivo results showed that a single change of either of the conserved histidines to alanine leads to the failure to transport methylamine but still facilitates good growth on ammonia, whereas double histidine variants completely lose their ability to transport both methylamine and ammonia. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated the molecular basis of the in vivo observations. They clearly showed that a single histidine variant (H168A or H318A) of AmtB confines the rather hydrophobic methylamine more strongly than ammonia around the mutated sites, resulting in dysfunction in conducting the former but not the latter molecule. PMF calculations further revealed that the single histidine variants form a potential energy well of up to 6 kcal/mol for methylamine, impairing conduction of this substrate. Unlike the single histidine variants, the double histidine variant, H168A/H318A, of AmtB was found to lose its unidirectional property of transporting both ammonia and methylamine. This could be attributed to a greatly increased frequency of opening of the entrance gate formed by F215 and F107, in this variant compared to wild-type, with a resultant lowering of the energy barrier for substrate to return to the periplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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8
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Hall JA, Yan D. The molecular basis of K+ exclusion by the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14080-14086. [PMID: 23546877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.457952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Amt family of channels mediate the transport of ammonium. The form of ammonium, NH3 or NH4(+), carried by these proteins remains controversial, and the mechanism by which they select against K(+) ions is unclear. We describe here a set of Escherichia coli AmtB proteins carrying mutations at the conserved twin-histidine site within the conduction pore that have altered substrate specificity and now transport K(+). Subsequent work established that AmtB-mediated K(+) uptake occurred against a concentration gradient and was membrane potential-dependent. These findings indicate that the twin-histidine element serves as a filter to prevent K(+) conduction and strongly support the notion that Amt proteins transport cations (NH4(+) or, in mutant proteins, K(+)) rather than NH3 gas molecules through their conduction pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Hall
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0374.
| | - Dalai Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120
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Ullmann RT, Andrade SLA, Ullmann GM. Thermodynamics of transport through the ammonium transporter Amt-1 investigated with free energy calculations. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9690-703. [PMID: 22804733 DOI: 10.1021/jp305440f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amt-1 from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (AfAmt-1) belongs to the Amt/Rh family of ammonium/ammonia transporting membrane proteins. The transport mode and the precise microscopic permeation mechanism utilized by these proteins are intensely debated. Open questions concern the identity of the transported substrate (ammonia and/or ammonium) and whether the transport is passive or active. To address these questions, we studied the overall thermodynamics of the different transport modes as a function of the environmental conditions. Then, we investigated the thermodynamics of the underlying microscopic transport mechanisms with free energy calculations within a continuum electrostatics model. The formalism developed for this purpose is of general utility in the calculation of binding free energies for ligands with multiple protonation forms or other binding forms. The results of our calculations are compared to the available experimental and theoretical data on Amt/Rh proteins and discussed in light of the current knowledge on the physiological conditions experienced by microorganisms and plants. We found that microscopic models of electroneutral and electrogenic transport modes are in principle thermodynamically viable. However, only the electrogenic variants have a net thermodynamic driving force under the physiological conditions experienced by microorganisms and plants. Thus, the transport mechanism of AfAmt-1 is most likely electrogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas Ullmann
- Structural Biology/Bioinformatics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, BGI, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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10
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11
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Wang S, Orabi EA, Baday S, Bernèche S, Lamoureux G. Ammonium Transporters Achieve Charge Transfer by Fragmenting Their Substrate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10419-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300129x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West,
Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Esam A. Orabi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West,
Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sefer Baday
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
and Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse
50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bernèche
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
and Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse
50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West,
Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
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12
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Zhang Y, Voth GA. A Combined Metadynamics and Umbrella Sampling Method for the Calculation of Ion Permeation Free Energy Profiles. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:2277-2283. [PMID: 25100923 PMCID: PMC4120845 DOI: 10.1021/ct200100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Free energy calculations are one of the most useful methods for the study of ion transport mechanisms through confined spaces such as protein ion channels. Their reliability depends on a correctly defined reaction coordinate (RC). A straight line is usually not a proper RC for such complicated processes so in this work a combined metadynamics/umbrella sampling (MTD/US) method is proposed. In the combined method, the ion transport pathway is first identified by the MTD method and then the free energy profile or potential of mean force (PMF) along the path is calculated using umbrella sampling. This combined method avoids the discontinuity problem often associated with normal umbrella sampling calculations that assume a straight line RC and it provides a more physically accurate PMF for such processes. The method is demonstrated for the proton transport process through the protein channel of aquaporin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637
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Periplasmic vestibule plays an important role for solute recruitment, selectivity, and gating in the Rh/Amt/MEP superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:3970-5. [PMID: 21368153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1007240108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AmtB, a member of the Rh/Amt/MEP superfamily, is responsible for ammonia transport in Escherichia coli. The ammonia pathway in AmtB consists of a narrow hydrophobic lumen in between hydrophilic periplasmic and cytoplasmic vestibules. A series of molecular dynamics simulations (greater than 0.4 μs in total) were performed to determine the mechanism of solute recruitments and selectivity by the periplasmic vestibule. The results show that the periplasmic vestibule plays a crucial role in solute selectivity, and its solute preferences follow the order of NH4(+) > NH3 > CO2. Based on our results, NH4(+) recruitment is initiated by its interaction with either E70 or E225, highly conserved residues located at the entrance of the vestibule. Subsequently, the backbone carbonyl groups at the periplasmic vestibule direct NH4(+) to the conserved aromatic cage at the bottom of the vestibule (known as the Am1 site). The umbrella sampling simulations suggest that the conserved residue D160 is not directly involved in the ammonia conduction; rather its main function is to keep the structure of periplasmic vestibule intact. The MD simulations also revealed that two partially stacked phenyl rings of F107 and F215, separating the periplasmic vestibule from the hydrophobic lumen, flip open and closed simultaneously with a frequency of approximately 10(8) flipping events per second. These results show how the periplasmic vestibule selectively recruits NH4(+) to the Am1 site, and also that the synchronized flipping of two phenyl rings potentially facilitates the solute transition from the periplasmic vestibule to the hydrophobic lumen in the Rh/Amt/MEP superfamily.
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Wang J, Yang H, Zuo Z, Yan X, Wang Y, Luo X, Jiang H, Chen K, Zhu W. Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Mechanism of Transporting Methylamine and Ammonia by Ammonium Transporter AmtB. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15172-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhili Zuo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiuhua Yan
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6485, Australia, and School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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15
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Lamoureux G, Javelle A, Baday S, Wang S, Bernèche S. Transport mechanisms in the ammonium transporter family. Transfus Clin Biol 2010; 17:168-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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16
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Nygaard TP, Alfonso-Prieto M, Peters GH, Jensen MØ, Rovira C. Substrate Recognition in the Escherichia coli Ammonia Channel AmtB: A QM/MM Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11859-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Nygaard
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Computer Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Computer Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Günther H. Peters
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Computer Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Morten Ø. Jensen
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Computer Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- MEMPHYS—Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Computer Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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