Microwave Spectrum and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of 2-Propene-1-selenol (H2C═CHCH2SeH)

Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides

This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.

A theoretical study on the pKa values of selenium compounds in aqueous solution

The pK_a values of different kinds of selenium compounds (R-SeH) were investigated by using the ωB97XD method with a SMD model.

Microwave and Quantum Chemical Study of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in 2-Propenylhydrazine (H2C═CHCH2NHNH2)

The microwave spectrum of 2-propenylhydrazine (H2C═CHCH2NHNH2) was studied in the 12-61 and 72-123 GHz spectral regions. A variety of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrazino group and the π-electrons are possible for this compound. Assignments of the spectra of four conformers, all of which are stabilized with intramolecular hydrogen bonds are reported. One hydrogen bond exists in two of these conformers, whereas the π-electrons are shared by two hydrogen atoms in the two other rotamers. Vibrationally excited-state spectra were assigned for three of the four conformers. The internal hydrogen bonds are weak, probably in the 3-6 kJ/mol range. A total of about 4400 transitions were assigned for these four forms. The microwave work was guided by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ and CCSD/cc-pVTZ levels of theory. These calculations indicated that as many as 18 conformers may exist for 2-propenylhydrazine and 11 of these have either one or two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The four conformers detected in this work are among the rotamers with the lowest CCSD electronic energies. The CCSD method predicts rotational constants that are very close to the experimental rotational constants. The B3LYP calculations yielded quartic centrifugal distortion constants that deviated considerably from their experimental counterparts in most cases. The calculation of vibration-rotation constants and sextic centrifugal distortion constants by the B3LYP method were generally found to be in poor agreement with the corresponding experimental constants.

Microwave and Quantum Chemical Study of the Hydrazino Group as Proton Donor in Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of (2-Fluoroethyl)hydrazine (FCH2CH2NHNH2)

The microwave spectrum of (2-fluoroethyl)hydrazine (FCH2CH2NHNH2) was studied in the 11-123 GHz spectral region to investigate the ability of the hydrazino group to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds acting as a proton donor. This group can participate both in five-member and in six-member internal hydrogen bonds with the fluorine atom. The spectra of four conformers were assigned, and the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of these rotameric forms were determined. Two of these conformers have five-member intramolecular hydrogen bonds, while the two other forms are without this interaction. The internal hydrogen bonds in the two hydrogen-bonded forms are assumed to be mainly electrostatic in origin because the N-H and C-F bonds are nearly parallel and the associated bond moments are antiparallel. This is the first example of a gas-phase study of a hydrazine where the hydrazino functional group acts as a proton donor in weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Extensive quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ, MP2/cc-pVTZ, and CCSD/cc-pVQZ levels of theory accompanied and guided the experimental work. These calculations predict the existence of no less than 18 conformers, spanning a CCSD internal energy range of 15.4 kJ/mol. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are predicted to be present in seven of these conformers. Three of these forms have six-member hydrogen bonds, while four have five-member hydrogen bonds. The three lowest-energy conformers have five-member internal hydrogen bonds. The spectrum of the conformer with the lowest energy was not assigned because it has a very small dipole moment. The CCSD relative energies of the two hydrogen-bonded rotamers whose spectra were assigned are 1.04 and 1.62 kJ/mol, respectively, whereas the relative energies of the two conformers with assigned spectra and no hydrogen bonds have relative energies of 6.46 and 4.89 kJ/mol.

Microwave and quantum-chemical study of conformational properties and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of 2-hydroxy-3-butynenitrile (HC≡CCH(OH)C≡N)

The microwave spectra of 2-hydroxy-3-butynenitrile, HC≡CCH(OH)C≡N, and a deuterated species, HC≡CCH(OD)C≡N, have been investigated in the 38-120 GHz spectral region. Three rotameric forms, each stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, are possible for this compound. The hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is hydrogen-bonded to the π electrons of the alkynyl group in one of these conformers, to the π electrons of the cyano group in the second rotamer, and to both of these groups simultaneously in the third conformer. The microwave spectra of the parent and deuterated species of last-mentioned form have been assigned, and accurate values of the rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants of these species have been determined. The spectra of two vibrational excited states of this conformer have also been assigned, and their frequencies have been determined by relative intensity measurements. Quantum-chemical calculations at the MP2/cc-pVTZ and CCSD/cc-pVQZ levels were performed to assist the microwave work. The theoretical predictions were generally found to be in good agreement with observations.