1
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Rana MS, Guzman MI. Oxidation of Phenolic Aldehydes by Ozone and Hydroxyl Radicals at the Air-Solid Interface. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2900-2909. [PMID: 36561198 PMCID: PMC9762487 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning emissions contain abundant phenolic aldehydes (e.g., syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenaldehyde) that are oxidized during atmospheric transport, altering the physicochemical properties of particulates. Herein, the oxidative processing of thin films made of syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenaldehyde is studied at the air-solid interface under a variable O3(g) molar ratio (410 ppbv-800 ppmv) and relative humidity (0-90%). Experiments monitored the absorption changes of C=C, C=O, and -COOH vibration changes during the oxidation of thin films by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Selected spectroscopic features of aromatic ring cleavage by O3(g) revealed the production of carboxylic acids. Instead, monitoring O-H stretching provided a comparison of a hydroxylation channel from in situ produced hydroxyl radical. The overall oxidation reactivity trend syringaldehyde > vanillin > 4-hydroxybenzladehyde can be explained based on the additional electron density from methoxide substituents to the ring. The reactive uptake coefficient of O3(g) increases for higher relative humidity, e.g., for syringaldehyde by 18 and 215 times at 74% and 90% relative humidity (RH), respectively, as compared to dry conditions. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism fits well the kinetics of oxidation under a variable O3(g) molar ratio at 74% RH, providing useful information that should be included in atmospheric chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sohel Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
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2
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Butman JL, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM. Unanticipated Hydrophobicity Increases of Squalene and Human Skin Oil Films Upon Ozone Exposure. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9417-9423. [PMID: 36331532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The C-H and O-H oscillators on the surfaces of thin films of human-derived skin oil and squalene are probed under ambient conditions (300 K, 1 atm total pressure, 40% RH) using second-order vibrational spectroscopy and contact angle goniometry before and after exposure to ppb amounts of ozone. Skin oil and squalene are found to produce different vibrational sum frequency generation spectra in the C-H stretching region, while exposure to ozone results in surface spectra for both materials that is consistent with a loss of C-H oscillators. The measured contact angles show that the hydrophobicity of the films increases following exposure to ozone, consistent with the reduction in C═C···H2O ("πH") bonding interactions that is expected from C═C double bond loss due to ozonolysis and indicating that the polar functional groups formed point toward the films' interiors. Implications for heterogeneous indoor chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Butman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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von Domaros M, Liu Y, Butman JL, Perlt E, Geiger FM, Tobias DJ. Molecular Orientation at the Squalene/Air Interface from Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and Atomistic Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3932-3941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Domaros
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jana L. Butman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eva Perlt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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4
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Angulo Milhem S, Verriele M, Nicolas M, Thevenet F. Does the ubiquitous use of essential oil-based products promote indoor air quality? A critical literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14365-14411. [PMID: 32162221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are frequently used as natural fragrances in housecleaning products and air fresheners marketed as green and healthy. However, these substances are volatile and reactive chemical species. This review focuses on the impact of essential oil-based household products on indoor air quality. First, housecleaning products containing essential oils are explored in terms of composition and existing regulations. Specific insight is provided regarding terpenes in fragranced housecleaning products, air fresheners, and pure essential oils. Second, experimental methodologies for terpene monitoring, from sampling to experimental chambers and analytical methods, are addressed, emphasizing the experimental issues in monitoring terpenes in indoor air. Third, the temporal dynamics of terpene emissions reported in the literature are discussed. Despite experimental discrepancies, essential oil-based products are significant sources of terpenes in indoor air, inducing a high exposure of occupants to terpenes. Finally, the fate of terpenes is explored from sorptive and reactive points of view. In addition to terpene deposition on surfaces, indoor oxidants may induce homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, resulting in secondary pollutants, such as formaldehyde and secondary organic aerosols. Overall, essential oil-based products can negatively impact indoor air quality; therefore, standard protocols and real-scale approaches are needed to explore the indoor physics and chemistry of terpenes, from emissions to reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Angulo Milhem
- IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Verriele
- IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Melanie Nicolas
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 38000, Grenoble, France
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5
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Liu Y, Chase HM, Geiger FM. Partially (resp. fully) reversible adsorption of monoterpenes (resp. alkanes and cycloalkanes) to fused silica. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5083585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hilary M. Chase
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
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6
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Nonkumwong J, Erasquin UJ, Sy Piecco KW, Premadasa UI, Aboelenen AM, Tangonan A, Chen J, Ingram D, Srisombat L, Cimatu KLA. Successive Surface Reactions on Hydrophilic Silica for Modified Magnetic Nanoparticle Attachment Probed by Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12680-12693. [PMID: 30300547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Successive surface reactions on hydrophilic silica substrates were designed and performed to immobilize ethanolamine-modified magnetic ferrite-based nanoparticle (NP) for surface characterization. The various surfaces were monitored using sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The surface of the hydrophilic quartz substrate was first converted to a vinyl-terminated surface by utilizing a silanization reaction, and then, the surface functional groups were converted to carboxylic-terminated groups via a thiol-ene reaction. The appearance and disappearance of the vinyl (═CH2) peak at ∼2990 cm-1 in the SFG spectra were examined to confirm the success of the silanization and thiol-ene reactions, respectively. Acyl chloride (-COCl) formation from carboxy (-COOH) functional group was then performed for further attachment of magnetic amine-functionalized magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) via amide bond formation. The scattered NPs attached on the modified silica substrate was then used to study the changes in the spectral profile of the ethanolamine modifier of the NPs for in situ lead(II) (Pb2+) adsorption at the solid-liquid interface using SFG spectroscopy. However, due to the limited number of NPs attached and sensitivity of SFG spectroscopy toward expected change in the modifier spectroscopically, no significant change was observed in the SFG spectrum of the modified silica with magnetic NPs during exposure to Pb2+ solution. Nevertheless, SFG spectroscopy as a surface technique successfully monitored the modifications from a clean fused substrate to -COCl formation that was used to immobilize the decorated magnetic nanoparticles. The method developed in this study can provide a reference for many surface or interfacial studies important for selective attachment of adsorbed organic or inorganic materials or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Nonkumwong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Uriel Joseph Erasquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Kurt Waldo Sy Piecco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Ahmed M Aboelenen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Andrew Tangonan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Jixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - David Ingram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Ohio University , 139 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Laongnuan Srisombat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Katherine Leslee Asetre Cimatu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
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7
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Thämer M, Campen RK, Wolf M. Detecting weak signals from interfaces by high accuracy phase-resolved SFG spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25875-25882. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase-resolved, collinear, time domain SFG spectrometer for the detection of weak vibrational signals from interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thämer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - R. Kramer Campen
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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8
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El Masri A, Laversin H, Chakir A, Roth E. Influence of the coating level on the heterogeneous ozonolysis kinetics and product yields of chlorpyrifos ethyl adsorbed on sand particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:304-310. [PMID: 27662392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous oxidation of chlorpyrifos ethyl (CLP) coated sand particles by gaseous ozone was studied. Mono-size sand was coated with CLP at different coating levels between 10 and 100 μg g-1 and exposed to ozone. Results were analyzed thanks to Gas Surface Reaction and Surface Layer Reaction Models. Kinetic parameters derived from these models were analyzed and led to several conclusions. The equilibrium constant of O3 between the gas phase and the CLP-coated sand was independent on the sand contamination level. Ozone seems to have similar affinity for coated or uncoated sand surface. Meanwhile, the kinetic parameters decreased with an increasing coating level. Chlorpyrifos Oxon, (CLPO) has been identified and quantified as an ozonolysis product. The product yield of CLPO remains constant (53 ± 10%) for the different coating level. The key parameter influencing the CLP reactivity towards ozone was the CLP-coating level. This dependence had a great influence on the lifetime of the CLP coated on sand particles, with respect to ozone, which could reach several years at high contamination level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad El Masri
- GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Hélène Laversin
- GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Abdelkhaleq Chakir
- GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Estelle Roth
- GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Moulin de la Housse, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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9
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Hankett JM, Collin WR, Yang P, Chen Z, Duhaime M. Low-Volatility Model Demonstrates Humidity Affects Environmental Toxin Deposition on Plastics at a Molecular Level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1304-1312. [PMID: 26752114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing prevalence of plastic debris and endocrine disrupting toxins in aquatic ecosystems, few studies describe their interactions in freshwater environments. We present a model system to investigate the deposition/desorption behaviors of low-volatility lake ecosystem toxins on microplastics in situ and in real time. Molecular interactions of gas-phase nonylphenols (NPs) with the surfaces of two common plastics, poly(styrene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate), were studied using quartz crystal microbalance and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. NP point sources were generated under two model environments: plastic on land and plastic on a freshwater surface. We found the headspace above calm water provides an excellent environment for NP deposition and demonstrate significant NP deposition on plastic within minutes at relevant concentrations. Further, NP deposits and orders differently on both plastics under humid versus dry environments. We attributed the unique deposition behaviors to surface energy changes from increased water content during the humid deposition. Lastly, nanograms of NP remained on microplastic surfaces hours after initial NP introduction and agitating conditions, illustrating feasibility for plastic-bound NPs to interact with biota and surrounding matter. Our model studies reveal important interactions between low-volatility environmental toxins and microplastics and hold potential to correlate the environmental fate of endocrine disrupting toxins in the Great Lakes with molecular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Hankett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - William R Collin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Melissa Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , 830 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
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10
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Rissanen MP, Kurtén T, Sipilä M, Thornton JA, Kangasluoma J, Sarnela N, Junninen H, Jørgensen S, Schallhart S, Kajos MK, Taipale R, Springer M, Mentel TF, Ruuskanen T, Petäjä T, Worsnop DR, Kjaergaard HG, Ehn M. The formation of highly oxidized multifunctional products in the ozonolysis of cyclohexene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15596-606. [PMID: 25283472 DOI: 10.1021/ja507146s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prompt formation of highly oxidized organic compounds in the ozonolysis of cyclohexene (C6H10) was investigated by means of laboratory experiments together with quantum chemical calculations. The experiments were performed in borosilicate glass flow tube reactors coupled to a chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a nitrate ion (NO3(-))-based ionization scheme. Quantum chemical calculations were performed at the CCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12//ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ level, with kinetic modeling using multiconformer transition state theory, including Eckart tunneling corrections. The complementary investigation methods gave a consistent picture of a formation mechanism advancing by peroxy radical (RO2) isomerization through intramolecular hydrogen shift reactions, followed by sequential O2 addition steps, that is, RO2 autoxidation, on a time scale of seconds. Dimerization of the peroxy radicals by recombination and cross-combination reactions is in competition with the formation of highly oxidized monomer species and is observed to lead to peroxides, potentially diacyl peroxides. The molar yield of these highly oxidized products (having O/C > 1 in monomers and O/C > 0.55 in dimers) from cyclohexene ozonolysis was determined as (4.5 ± 3.8)%. Fully deuterated cyclohexene and cis-6-nonenal ozonolysis, as well as the influence of water addition to the system (either H2O or D2O), were also investigated in order to strengthen the arguments on the proposed mechanism. Deuterated cyclohexene ozonolysis resulted in a less oxidized product distribution with a lower yield of highly oxygenated products and cis-6-nonenal ozonolysis generated the same monomer product distribution, consistent with the proposed mechanism and in agreement with quantum chemical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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11
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Ebben CJ, Ault AP, Ruppel MJ, Ryder OS, Bertram TH, Grassian VH, Prather KA, Geiger FM. Size-Resolved Sea Spray Aerosol Particles Studied by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6589-601. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlena J. Ebben
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Matthew J. Ruppel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Olivia S. Ryder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
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12
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Laaser JE, Zanni MT. Extracting Structural Information from the Polarization Dependence of One- and Two-Dimensional Sum Frequency Generation Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:5875-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307721y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Laaser
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Ebben CJ, Shrestha M, Martinez IS, Corrigan AL, Frossard AA, Song WW, Worton DR, Petäjä T, Williams J, Russell LM, Kulmala M, Goldstein AH, Artaxo P, Martin ST, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM. Organic constituents on the surfaces of aerosol particles from Southern Finland, Amazonia, and California studied by vibrational sum frequency generation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8271-90. [PMID: 22734593 DOI: 10.1021/jp302631z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes and compares the analysis of the surfaces of natural aerosol particles from three different forest environments by vibrational sum frequency generation. The experiments were carried out directly on filter and impactor substrates, without the need for sample preconcentration, manipulation, or destruction. We discuss the important first steps leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particle nucleation and growth from terpene oxidation by showing that, as viewed by coherent vibrational spectroscopy, the chemical composition of the surface region of aerosol particles having sizes of 1 μm and lower appears to be close to size-invariant. We also discuss the concept of molecular chirality as a chemical marker that could be useful for quantifying how chemical constituents in the SOA gas phase and the SOA particle phase are related in time. Finally, we describe how the combination of multiple disciplines, such as aerosol science, advanced vibrational spectroscopy, meteorology, and chemistry can be highly informative when studying particles collected during atmospheric chemistry field campaigns, such as those carried out during HUMPPA-COPEC-2010, AMAZE-08, or BEARPEX-2009, and when they are compared to results from synthetic model systems such as particles from the Harvard Environmental Chamber (HEC). Discussions regarding the future of SOA chemical analysis approaches are given in the context of providing a path toward detailed spectroscopic assignments of SOA particle precursors and constituents and to fast-forward, in terms of mechanistic studies, through the SOA particle formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlena J Ebben
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Adding a dimension to the infrared spectra of interfaces using heterodyne detected 2D sum-frequency generation (HD 2D SFG) spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20902-7. [PMID: 22143772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115055108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy has become an important technique for studying molecular structures and dynamics. We report the implementation of heterodyne detected two-dimensional sum-frequency generation (HD 2D SFG) spectroscopy, which is the analog of 2D infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, but is selective to noncentrosymmetric systems such as interfaces. We implement the technique using mid-IR pulse shaping, which enables rapid scanning, phase cycling, and automatic phasing. Absorptive spectra are obtained, that have the highest frequency resolution possible, from which we extract the rephasing and nonrephasing signals that are sometimes preferred. Using this technique, we measure the vibrational mode of CO adsorbed on a polycrystalline Pt surface. The 2D spectrum reveals a significant inhomogenous contribution to the spectral line shape, which is quantified by simulations. This observation indicates that the surface conformation and environment of CO molecules is more complicated than the simple "atop" configuration assumed in previous work. Our method can be straightforwardly incorporated into many existing SFG spectrometers. The technique enables one to quantify inhomogeneity, vibrational couplings, spectral diffusion, chemical exchange, and many other properties analogous to 2D IR spectroscopy, but specifically for interfaces.
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15
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Springs M, Wells JR, Morrison GC. Reaction rates of ozone and terpenes adsorbed to model indoor surfaces. INDOOR AIR 2011; 21:319-327. [PMID: 21204992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reaction rates and reaction probabilities have been quantified on model indoor surfaces for the reaction of ozone with two monoterpenes (Δ(3) -carene and d-limonene). Molar surface loadings were obtained by performing breakthrough experiments in a plug-flow reactor (PFR) packed with beads of glass, polyvinylchloride or zirconium silicate. Reaction rates and probabilities were determined by equilibrating the PFR with both the terpene and the ozone and measuring the ozone consumption rate. To mimic typical indoor conditions, temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C were used in both types of experiments along with a relative humidity ranging from 10% to 80%. The molar surface loading decreased with increased relative humidity, especially on glass, suggesting that water competed with the terpenes for adsorption sites. The ozone reactivity experiments indicate that higher surface loadings correspond with higher ozone uptake. The reaction probability for Δ(3) -carene with ozone ranged from 2.9 × 10(-6) to 3.0 × 10(-5) while reaction probabilities for d-limonene ranged from 2.8 × 10(-5) to 3.0 × 10(-4) . These surface reaction probabilities are roughly 10-100 times greater than the corresponding gas-phase values. Extrapolation of these results to typical indoor conditions suggests that surface conversion rates may be substantial relative to gas-phase rates, especially for lower volatility terpenoids. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS At present, it is unclear how important heterogeneous reactions will be in influencing indoor concentrations of terpenes, ozone and their reaction products. We observe that surface reaction probabilities were 10 to 100 times greater than their corresponding gas-phase values. Thus indoor surfaces do enhance effective reaction rates and adsorption of terpenes will increase ozone flux to otherwise low-reactivity surfaces. Extrapolation of these results to typical indoor conditions suggests that surface conversion rates may be substantial relative to gas-phase rates, especially for lower volatility terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Springs
- Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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16
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Shu S, Morrison GC. Surface reaction rate and probability of ozone and alpha-terpineol on glass, polyvinyl chloride, and latex paint surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4285-4292. [PMID: 21517064 DOI: 10.1021/es200194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozone can react homogeneously with unsaturated organic compounds in buildings to generate undesirable products. However, these reactions can also occur on indoor surfaces, especially for low-volatility organics. Conversion rates of ozone with α-terpineol, a representative low-volatility compound, were quantified on surfaces that mimic indoor substrates. Rates were measured for α-terpineol adsorbed to beads of glass, polyvinylchloride (PVC), and dry latex paint, in a plug flow reactor. A newly defined second-order surface reaction rate coefficient, k(2), was derived from the flow reactor model. The value of k(2) ranged from 0.68 × 10(-14) cm(4)s(-1)molecule(-1) for α-terpineol adsorbed to PVC to 3.17 × 10(-14) cm(4)s(-1)molecule(-1) for glass, but was insensitive to relative humidity. Further, k(2) is only weakly influenced by the adsorbed mass but instead appears to be more strongly related to the interfacial activity α-terpineol. The minimum reaction probability ranged from 3.79 × 10(-6) for glass at 20% RH to 6.75 × 10(-5) for PVC at 50% RH. The combination of high equilibrium surface coverage and high reactivity for α-terpineol suggests that surface conversion rates are fast enough to compete with or even overwhelm other removal mechanisms in buildings such as gas-phase conversion and air exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- Department of Civil, Agriculture, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65401, USA
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Laaser JE, Xiong W, Zanni MT. Time-Domain SFG Spectroscopy Using Mid-IR Pulse Shaping: Practical and Intrinsic Advantages. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2536-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200757x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Laaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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18
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Stokes GY, Chen EH, Buchbinder AM, Paxton WF, Keeley A, Geiger FM. Atmospheric Heterogeneous Stereochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13733-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904206t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y. Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Ehow H. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Avram M. Buchbinder
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Walter F. Paxton
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Alison Keeley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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