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Kurisu M, Imai M. Concepts of a synthetic minimal cell: Information molecules, metabolic pathways, and vesicle reproduction. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 21:e210002. [PMID: 38803330 PMCID: PMC11128301 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
How do the living systems emerge from non-living molecular assemblies? What physical and chemical principles supported the process? To address these questions, a promising strategy is to artificially reconstruct living cells in a bottom-up way. Recently, the authors developed the "synthetic minimal cell" system showing recursive growth and division cycles, where the concepts of information molecules, metabolic pathways, and cell reproduction were artificially and concisely redesigned with the vesicle-based system. We intentionally avoided using the sophisticated molecular machinery of the biological cells and tried to redesign the cells in the simplest forms. This review focuses on the similarities and differences between the biological cells and our synthetic minimal cell concerning each concept of cells. Such comparisons between natural and artificial cells will provide insights on how the molecules should be assembled to create living systems to the wide readers in the field of synthetic biology, artificial cells, and protocells research. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article "Growth and division of vesicles coupled with information molecules," published in SEIBUTSU-BUTSURI vol. 61, p. 378-381 (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kurisu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masayuki Imai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Kurisu M, Katayama R, Sakuma Y, Kawakatsu T, Walde P, Imai M. Synthesising a minimal cell with artificial metabolic pathways. Commun Chem 2023; 6:56. [PMID: 36977828 PMCID: PMC10050237 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A "synthetic minimal cell" is considered here as a cell-like artificial vesicle reproduction system in which a chemical and physico-chemical transformation network is regulated by information polymers. Here we synthesise such a minimal cell consisting of three units: energy production, information polymer synthesis, and vesicle reproduction. Supplied ingredients are converted to energy currencies which trigger the synthesis of an information polymer, where the vesicle membrane plays the role of a template. The information polymer promotes membrane growth. By tuning the membrane composition and permeability to osmolytes, the growing vesicles show recursive reproduction over several generations. Our "synthetic minimal cell" greatly simplifies the scheme of contemporary living cells while keeping their essence. The chemical pathways and the vesicle reproduction pathways are well described by kinetic equations and by applying the membrane elasticity model, respectively. This study provides new insights to better understand the differences and similarities between non-living forms of matter and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kurisu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Katayama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuka Sakuma
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawakatsu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Masayuki Imai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Moini N, Jahandideh A, Shahkarami F, Kabiri K, Piri F. Linear and star-shaped π-conjugated oligoanilines: a review on molecular design in syntheses and properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular Design and Synthesis of Linear and Star-shaped π-conjugated Oligoanilines with reversible optoelectrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Moini
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Jahandideh
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - F. Shahkarami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - K. Kabiri
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran
- Biobased Monomers and Polymers Division (BIOBASED Division), Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - F. Piri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
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Iridium and Ruthenium Modified Polyaniline Polymer Leads to Nanostructured Electrocatalysts with High Performance Regarding Water Splitting. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020190. [PMID: 33430248 PMCID: PMC7825649 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough in water electrolysis technology for the sustainable production of H2, considered as a future fuel, is currently hampered by the development of tough electrocatalytic materials. We report a new strategy of fabricating conducting polymer-derived nanostructured materials to accelerate the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and water splitting. Extended physical (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) methods were merged to precisely characterize the as-synthesized iridium and ruthenium modified polyaniline (PANI) materials and interrogate their efficiency. The presence of Ir(+III) cations during polymerization leads to the formation of Ir metal nanoparticles, while Ru(+III) induces the formation of RuO2 oxide nanoparticles by thermal treatment; they are therefore methods for the on-demand production of oxide or metal nanostructured electrocatalysts. The findings from using 0.5 M H2SO4 highlight an ultrafast electrochemical kinetic of the material PANI-Ir for HER (36 - 0 = 36 mV overpotential to reach 10 mA cm-2 at 21 mV dec-1), and of PANI-Ru for OER (1.47 - 1.23 = 240 mV overpotential to reach 10 mA cm-2 at 47 mV dec-1), resulting in an efficient water splitting exactly at its thermoneutral cell voltage of 1.45 V, and satisfactory durability (96 h).
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Ellingford C, Bowen C, McNally T, Wan C. Intrinsically Tuning the Electromechanical Properties of Elastomeric Dielectrics: A Chemistry Perspective. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800340. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM); WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Christopher Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Bath; BA2 2ET UK
| | - Tony McNally
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM); WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM); WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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Canales M, Torras J, Fabregat G, Meneguzzi A, Alemán C. Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt in the Amorphous Solid State: Polaron versus Bipolaron. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11552-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5067583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Canales
- Departament
de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord-Edifici B4−B5, Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria de Igualada (EEI), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Pla de la Massa 8, Igualada 08700, Spain
| | - Georgina Fabregat
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Centre
for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Sud, Edifici C′, C/Pasqual i Vila s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Alvaro Meneguzzi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departamento
de Materiais, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, 91509-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Centre
for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Sud, Edifici C′, C/Pasqual i Vila s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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Byshkin MS, Correa A, Buonocore F, Di Matteo A, Milano G. A united event grand canonical Monte Carlo study of partially doped polyaniline. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:244906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4848697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bharti S, Jacob J, Ghosh AK. Polyaniline doped with α, ω-alkanedisulfonic acids: preparation and characterization. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yang M, Xiang Z, Wang G. A novel orchid-like polyaniline superstructure by solvent–thermal method. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 367:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Canales M, Aradilla D, Alemán C. Water absorption in polyaniline emeraldine base. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Udeh CU, Fey N, Faul CFJ. Functional block-like structures from electroactive tetra(aniline) oligomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Canales
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Facultat d’Informàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, ETS d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Facultat d’Informàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, ETS d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de
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