1
|
Mürer FK, Tekseth KR, Chattopadhyay B, Olstad K, Akram MN, Breiby DW. Multimodal 2D and 3D microscopic mapping of growth cartilage by computational imaging techniques - a short review including new research. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:045041. [PMID: 38744257 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad4b1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Being able to image the microstructure of growth cartilage is important for understanding the onset and progression of diseases such as osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis, as well as for developing new treatments and implants. Studies of cartilage using conventional optical brightfield microscopy rely heavily on histological staining, where the added chemicals provide tissue-specific colours. Other microscopy contrast mechanisms include polarization, phase- and scattering contrast, enabling non-stained or 'label-free' imaging that significantly simplifies the sample preparation, thereby also reducing the risk of artefacts. Traditional high-performance microscopes tend to be both bulky and expensive.Computational imagingdenotes a range of techniques where computers with dedicated algorithms are used as an integral part of the image formation process. Computational imaging offers many advantages like 3D measurements, aberration correction and quantitative phase contrast, often combined with comparably cheap and compact hardware. X-ray microscopy is also progressing rapidly, in certain ways trailing the development of optical microscopy. In this study, we first briefly review the structures of growth cartilage and relevant microscopy characterization techniques, with an emphasis on Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) and advanced x-ray microscopies. We next demonstrate with our own results computational imaging through FPM and compare the images with hematoxylin eosin and saffron (HES)-stained histology. Zernike phase contrast, and the nonlinear optical microscopy techniques of second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) are explored. Furthermore, X-ray attenuation-, phase- and diffraction-contrast computed tomography (CT) images of the very same sample are presented for comparisons. Future perspectives on the links to artificial intelligence, dynamic studies andin vivopossibilities conclude the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K Mürer
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Helgeland AS, Halvor Heyerdahls vei 33, 8626 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Kim R Tekseth
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Basab Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Olstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Equine section, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akram
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), 3184 Borre, Norway
| | - Dag W Breiby
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), 3184 Borre, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng K, Zhong J, Hu J, Nebbiolo E, Sanchez-Weatherby J, Tang T, Landis WJ, Chen J, Winlove P, Sherlock BE, Bell J. Effects of mineralization on the hierarchical organization of collagen-a synchrotron X-ray scattering and polarized second harmonic generation study. Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230046. [PMID: 39081623 PMCID: PMC11285761 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of mineralization fundamentally alters collagenous tissue biomechanics. While the structure and organization of mineral particles have been widely studied, the impact of mineralization on collagen matrix structure, particularly at the molecular scale, requires further investigation. In this study, synchrotron X-ray scattering (XRD) and polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy (pSHG) were used to study normally mineralizing turkey leg tendon in tissue zones representing different stages of mineralization. XRD data demonstrated statistically significant differences in collagen D-period, intermolecular spacing, fibril and molecular dispersion and relative supramolecular twists between non-mineralizing, early mineralizing and late mineralizing zones. pSHG analysis of the same tendon zones showed the degree of collagen fibril organization was significantly greater in early and late mineralizing zones compared to non-mineralizing zones. The combination of XRD and pSHG data provide new insights into hierarchical collagen-mineral interactions, notably concerning possible cleavage of intra- or interfibrillar bonds, occlusion and reorganization of collagen by mineral with time. The complementary application of XRD and fast, label-free and non-destructive pSHG optical measurements presents a pathway for future investigations into the dynamics of molecular scale changes in collagen in the presence of increasing mineral deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Zheng
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute for Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jingxiao Zhong
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jingrui Hu
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eve Nebbiolo
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Tengteng Tang
- Materials Science & Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J. Landis
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junning Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter Winlove
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin E. Sherlock
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - James Bell
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aggarwal N, Marsh R, Marcotti S, Shaw TJ, Stramer B, Cox S, Culley S. Characterisation and correction of polarisation effects in fluorescently labelled fibres. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38682883 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Many biological structures take the form of fibres and filaments, and quantitative analysis of fibre organisation is important for understanding their functions in both normal physiological conditions and disease. In order to visualise these structures, fibres can be fluorescently labelled and imaged, with specialised image analysis methods available for quantifying the degree and strength of fibre alignment. Here we show that fluorescently labelled fibres can display polarised emission, with the strength of this effect varying depending on structure and fluorophore identity. This can bias automated analysis of fibre alignment and mask the true underlying structural organisation. We present a method for quantifying and correcting these polarisation effects without requiring polarisation-resolved microscopy and demonstrate its efficacy when applied to images of fluorescently labelled collagen gels, allowing for more reliable characterisation of fibre microarchitecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Aggarwal
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brian Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siân Culley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Padrez Y, Golubewa L, Kulahava T, Vladimirskaja T, Semenkova G, Adzerikho I, Yatsevich O, Amaegberi N, Karpicz R, Svirko Y, Kuzhir P, Rutkauskas D. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension fibrosis using wide-field second harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7330. [PMID: 35513702 PMCID: PMC9072392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that wide-field second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of lung tissue in combination with quantitative analysis of SHG images is a powerful tool for fast and label-free visualization of the fibrosis pathogenesis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Statistical analysis of the SHG images revealed changes of the collagen content and morphology in the lung tissue during the monocrotaline-induced PAH progression in rats. First order statistics disclosed the dependence of the collagen overproduction on time, the second order statistics indicated tightening of collagen fiber network around blood vessels and their spreading into the alveolar region. Fourier analysis revealed that enhancement of the fiber orientation in the collagen network with PAH progression was followed with its subsequent reduction at the terminating phase of the disease. Proposed approach has potential for assessing pulmonary fibrosis in interstitial lung disease, after lung(s) transplantation, cancer, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaraslau Padrez
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Lena Golubewa
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Karpicz
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, Joensuu, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison between Cylindrical, Trigonal, and General Symmetry Models for the Analysis of Polarization-Dependent Second Harmonic Generation Measurements Acquired from Collagen-Rich Equine Pericardium Samples. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polarization-dependent second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy is used as an innovative, high-resolution, non-destructive, and label-free diagnostic imaging tool to elucidate biological issues with high significance. In the present study, information on the structure and directionality of collagen fibers in equine pericardium tissue was collected using PSHG imaging measurements. In an effort to acquire precise results, three different mathematical models (cylindrical, trigonal, and general) were applied to the analysis of the recorded PSHG datasets. A factor called the “ratio parameter” was calculated to provide quantitative information. The implementation of the trigonal symmetry model to the recorded data led to the extraction of improved results compared with the application of the widely used cylindrical symmetry model. The best outcome was achieved through the application of the general model that does not include any kind of symmetry for the data processing. Our findings suggest that the trigonal symmetry model is preferable for the analysis of the PSHG datasets acquired from the collagenous tissues compared with the cylindrical model approach although an increased computational time is required.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bouquiaux C, Castet F, Champagne B. Unravelling the Effects of Cholesterol on the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Di-8-ANEPPS Dye Embedded in Phosphatidylcholine Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10195-10212. [PMID: 34491062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is known for its role in maintaining the correct fluidity and rigidity of the animals cell membranes and thus their functions. Assessing the content and the role of cholesterol in lipid bilayers is therefore of crucial importance for a deeper understanding and control of membrane functioning. In this computational work, we investigate bilayers built from three types of glycerophospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, namely dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), and containing different amounts of cholesterol by analyzing the second-harmonic generation (SHG) nonlinear optical (NLO) response of a probe molecule, di-8-ANEPPS, inserted into the membranes. This molecular property presents the advantage to be specific to interfacial regions such as lipid bilayers. To unravel these effects, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed on both DPPC and DOPC lipids by varying the cholesterol mole fraction (from 0 to 0.66), while POPC was only considered as a pure bilayer. In the case of the structural properties of the bilayers, all the analyses converge toward the same conclusion: as the mole fraction of cholesterol increases, the systems become more rigid, confirming the condensing effect of cholesterol. In addition, the chromophore is progressively more aligned with respect to the normal to the bilayer. On the contrary, addition of unsaturation disorders the lipid bilayers, with barely no impact on the alignment of the chromophore. Then, using the frames obtained from the MD simulations, the first hyperpolarizability β of the dye in its environment has been computed at the TDDFT level. On the one hand, the addition of cholesterol induces a progressive increase of the diagonal component the β tensor parallel to the bilayer normal. On the other hand, larger β values have been calculated for the unsaturated than for the saturated lipid systems. In summary, this study illustrates the relationship between the composition and structure of the bilayers and the NLO responses of the embedded dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bouquiaux
- Theoretical Chemistry Lab, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Castet
- , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Lab, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baillargeon P, Seidler T, Champagne B, Soldera A. Polar and Helical Isomorphous Crystals of Proline Derivatives: Influence of a Fluorine Atom on the Electric Susceptibility. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo novel nonlinear optical isomorphous crystals of proline derivatives with alkyne functionality have been obtained (Boc-L-ProNH(CH2)2CCH and Boc-cis-4-fluoro-L-ProNH(CH2)2CCH). Both derivatives, which differ only by the substitution of a H atom to a F atom, adopt the same polar and columnar right-handed helix arrangement in the crystalline state. In addition, adjacent polar helical columns all point in the same direction, thus generating a macrodipole and a crystalline system conducive for second harmonic generation (SHG) properties. This isomorphous crystal system constitutes an interesting tool to study the effect of the fluorine atom on the dipole moment and on the first hyperpolarizability. Starting from the PBC optimized geometries of the crystals, the macroscopic second-order nonlinearity, χ(2), of the newly synthesized crystals has been estimated by quantum chemical calculations. These χ(2) responses are of the same order of magnitude as those of inorganic proline derivatives while smaller than those observed in crystals of push–pull π-conjugated molecules.
Graphic Abstract
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JY, Mansfield JC, Brasselet S, Vergari C, Meakin JR, Winlove CP. Micro-mechanical damage of needle puncture on bovine annulus fibrosus fibrils studied using polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation(P-SHG) microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104458. [PMID: 33761373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Needle injection has been widely used in spinal therapeutic or diagnostic processes, such as discography. The use of needles has been suspected in causing mild disc degeneration which can lead to long-term back pain. However, the localised microscopic damage caused by needles has not been well studied. The local progressive damage on a microscopic level caused by needle punctures on the surface of bovine annulus fibrosus was investigated. Four different sizes of needle were used for the puncture and twenty-nine bovine intervertebral discs were studied. Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation and fluorescent microscopy were used to study the local microscopic structural changes in collagen and cell nuclei due to needle damage. Repeated 70 cyclic loadings at ±5% of axial strain were applied after the needle puncture in order to assess progressive damage caused by the needle. Puncture damage on annulus fibrosus were observed either collagen fibre bundles being pushed aside, being cut through or combination of both with part being lift or pushed in. The progressive damage was found less relevant to the needle size and more progressive damage was only observed using the larger needle. Two distinct populations of collagen, in which one was relatively more organised than the other population, were observed especially after the puncture from skewed distribution of polarization-SHG analysis. Cell shape was found rounder near the puncture site where collagen fibres were damaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Wang
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - J C Mansfield
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - S Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013, Marseille, France
| | - C Vergari
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IBHGC - Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, F-75013, Paris
| | - J R Meakin
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - C P Winlove
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pardon A, Bonhomme O, Gaillard C, Brevet PF, Benichou E. Nonlinear optical signature of nanostructural transition in ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Seibert J, Champagne B, Grimme S, de Wergifosse M. Dynamic Structural Effects on the Second-Harmonic Generation of Tryptophane-Rich Peptides and Gramicidin A. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2568-2578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Seibert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc de Wergifosse
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bouquiaux C, Tonnelé C, Castet F, Champagne B. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of an Amphiphilic Dye Embedded in a Lipid Bilayer. A Combined Molecular Dynamics–Quantum Chemistry Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2101-2109. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bouquiaux
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Claire Tonnelé
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rouède D, Schaub E, Bellanger JJ, Ezan F, Tiaho F. Wavy nature of collagen fibrils deduced from the dispersion of their second-order nonlinear optical anisotropy parameters ρ. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:4845-4858. [PMID: 32121716 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
From P-SHG experiments, second-order nonlinear optical anisotropy parameters ρ = χZZZ/χZXX of collagen tissues are calculated assuming the same model of supercoiled collagen fibril characterized by a variable angle θ. Dispersion of experimental ρ values is converted into distribution of θ values based on the wavy nature of collagen fibrils deduced from EM studies. For tendon, the results show that the dispersion of experimental ρ values is mainly due to Poisson photonic shot noise assuming a slight fibrillar undulation with θ = 2.2° ± 1.8°. However for skin and vessels, the dispersion of experimental ρ values is mainly due to a stronger fibrillar undulation with θ = 16.2° ± 1.3°. The results highlight that this undulation is reduced during the development of liver fibrosis therefore, contributing to the rigidity of the tissue.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fuentes-Corona CG, Licea-Rodriguez J, Younger R, Rangel-Rojo R, Potma EO, Rocha-Mendoza I. Second harmonic generation signal from type I collagen fibers grown in vitro. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6449-6461. [PMID: 31853410 PMCID: PMC6913412 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the optical second-order nonlinearity of type I collagen fibers grown in vitro via second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments and analyze the observed polarization-resolved SHG signal using previously reported SHG analytical expressions obtained for anisotropic tissue. Our results indicate that the effective second-order nonlinearity measured in the grown fibers is one order of magnitude lower than that of native collagen fibers. This is attributed to the formation of loose and dispersive fibrillar networks of thinner collagen fibrils that constitute the reassembled collagen fibers. This is confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) imaging and the polarization dependence of the SHG signal. The measured values of the anisotropy parameter ρ of the reassembled collagen fibers are found to be similar to that obtained for native fibers on the relevant sub-µm scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grethel Fuentes-Corona
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Jacob Licea-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, C.I.C.E.S.E., 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Rebecca Younger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raul Rangel-Rojo
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Israel Rocha-Mendoza
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim H. Harmonic Generation Microscopy 2.0: New Tricks Empowering Intravital Imaging for Neuroscience. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:99. [PMID: 31649934 PMCID: PMC6794408 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical harmonic generation, e.g., second- (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG), provides intrinsic contrasts for three-dimensional intravital microscopy. Contrary to two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), however, they have found relatively specialized applications, such as imaging collagenous and non-specific tissues, respectively. Here we review recent advances that broaden the capacity of SHG and THG for imaging the central nervous system in particular. The fundamental contrast mechanisms are reviewed as they encode novel information including molecular origin, spectroscopy, functional probes, and image analysis, which lay foundations for promising future applications in neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsik Lim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agarwal NR, Dowlatshahi Pour M, Vandikas MS, Neittaanmäki N, Osmancevic A, Malmberg P. Investigation of psoriasis skin tissue by label-free multi-modal imaging: a case study on a phototherapy-treated patient. PSORIASIS-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 9:43-57. [PMID: 31410348 PMCID: PMC6646857 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by epidermal proliferation in the skin. Altered lipid metabolism is considered to be a central factor in the psoriatic etiopathogenesis. Thus, it is necessary to visualize chemical specificity of the samples for better medical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we investigate its role in the development of psoriatic lesions, before and after ultraviolet phototherapy, in a case study. Methods: The distribution and morphology of different lipids and fibrous proteins in psoriatic (lesional) tissues were visualized by two complementary label-free imaging techniques: 1) non-linear microscopy (NLM), providing images of lipids/proteins throughout the skin layers at submicrometer resolution; and 2) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), offering high chemical specificity and hence the detection of different lipid species in the epidermal and dermal regions. A conventional method of histological evaluation was performed on the tissues, with no direct comparison with NLM and MSI. Results: Psoriatic tissues had a higher lipid content, mainly in cholesterol, in both the epidermal and dermal regions, compared to healthy tissues. Moreover, the collagen and elastin fibers in the psoriatic tissues had a tendency to assemble as larger bundles, while healthy tissues showed smaller fibers more homogeneously spread. Although phototherapy significantly reduced the cholesterol content, it also increased the amounts of collagen in both lesional and non-lesional tissues. Conclusion: This study introduces NLM and MSI as two complementary techniques which are chemical specific and can be used to assess and visualize the distribution of lipids, collagen, and elastin in a non-invasive and label-free manner. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/aBRGXZCJIMQ
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rani Agarwal
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Dowlatshahi Pour
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Siekkeri Vandikas
- Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Noora Neittaanmäki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Institutes of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amra Osmancevic
- Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Johansson PK, Castner DG. Vibrational Sum-Frequency Scattering as a Sensitive Approach to Detect Structural Changes in Collagen Fibers Treated with Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7848-7857. [PMID: 31117724 PMCID: PMC6648693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing protocols so that the structure of the collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix remains intact during the decellularization process requires techniques with high structural sensitivity, especially for the surface region of the collagen fibers. Here, we demonstrate that vibrational sum-frequency scattering (SFS) spectroscopy in the protein-specific amide I region provides vibrational spectra and scattering patterns characteristic of protein fiber networks self-assembled in vitro from collagen type I, which are kept in aqueous environments during the analysis. At scattering angles away from the phase-matched direction, the relative strengths of various polarization combinations are highly reproducible, and changes in their ratios can be followed in real time during exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant solutions. For the fibers in this work, a scattering angle of about 22° provided specificity for the surface region of the fibers, as it allowed monitoring of immediate structural changes during the surfactant exposure. With further development, we hypothesize that the information from the SFS characterization of collagen fibers may complement information from other techniques with sensitivity to the overall structure, such as second-harmonic generation imaging and infrared spectroscopy, and provide a more complete understanding of fiber molecular structures and interactions during exposure to various environments and conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik K. Johansson
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Corresponding Author ,
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Corresponding Author ,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Understanding the cellular basis of human health and disease requires the spatial resolution of microscopy and the molecular-level details provided by spectroscopy. This review highlights imaging methods at the intersection of microscopy and spectroscopy with applications in cell biology. Imaging methods are divided into three broad categories: fluorescence microscopy, label-free approaches, and imaging tools that can be applied to multiple imaging modalities. Just as these imaging methods allow researchers to address new biological questions, progress in biological sciences will drive the development of new imaging methods. We highlight four topics in cell biology that illustrate the need for new imaging tools: nanoparticle-cell interactions, intracellular redox chemistry, neuroscience, and the increasing use of spheroids and organoids. Overall, our goal is to provide a brief overview of individual imaging methods and highlight recent advances in the use of microscopy for cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Morris
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia 30043, USA
| | - Christine K Payne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kazarine A, Kolosova K, Gopal AA, Wang H, Tahara R, Rammal A, Kost K, Mongeau L, Li-Jessen NYK, Wiseman PW. Multimodal virtual histology of rabbit vocal folds by nonlinear microscopy and nano computed tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1151-1164. [PMID: 30891336 PMCID: PMC6420294 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human vocal folds (VFs) possess a unique anatomical structure and mechanical properties for human communication. However, VFs are prone to scarring as a consequence of overuse, injury, disease or surgery. Accumulation of scar tissue on VFs inhibits proper phonation and leads to partial or complete loss of voice, with significant consequences for the patient's quality of life. VF regeneration after scarring provides a significant challenge for tissue engineering therapies given the complexity of tissue microarchitecture. To establish an effective animal model for VF injury and scarring, new histological methods are required to visualize the wound repair process of the tissue in its three-dimensional native environment. In this work, we propose the use of a combination of nonlinear microscopy and nanotomography as contrast methods for virtual histology of rabbit VFs. We apply these methods to rabbit VF tissue to demonstrate their use as alternatives to conventional VF histology that may enable future clinical studies of this injury model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kazarine
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ksenia Kolosova
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University St., Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Angelica A. Gopal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Rui Tahara
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Almoaidbellah Rammal
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen Kost
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University St., Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mansfield JC, Mandalia V, Toms A, Winlove CP, Brasselet S. Collagen reorganization in cartilage under strain probed by polarization sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180611. [PMID: 30958161 PMCID: PMC6364654 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II collagen fibril diameters in cartilage are beneath the diffraction limit of optical microscopy, which makes the assessment of collagen organization very challenging. In this work we use polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging to map collagen organization in articular cartilage, addressing in particular its behaviour under strain and changes which occur in osteoarthritis. P-SHG yields two parameters, molecular order and orientation, which provide measures of the degree of organization both at the molecular scale (below the diffraction limit) and above a few hundred nanometres (at the image pixel size). P-SHG clearly demonstrates the zonal collagen architecture and reveals differences in the structure of the fibrils around chondrocytes. P-SHG also reveals sub-micron scale fibril re-organization in cartilage strips exposed to tensile loading, with an increase in local organization in the superficial zone which weakly correlates with tensile modulus. Finally, P-SHG is used to investigate osteoarthritic cartilage from total knee replacement surgery, and reveals widespread heterogeneity across samples both microscale fibril orientations and their sub-micron organization. By addressing collagen fibril structure on scales intermediate between conventional light and electron microscopy, this study provides new insights into collagen micromechanics and mechanisms of degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Mansfield
- Physics, College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Vipul Mandalia
- Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew Toms
- Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - C. Peter Winlove
- Physics, College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
We review recent work on property decomposition techniques using quantum chemical methods and discuss some topical applications in terms of quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics calculations and the constructing of properties of large molecules and clusters. Starting out from the so-called LoProp decomposition scheme [Gagliardi et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121, 4994] for extracting atomic and inter-atomic contributions to molecular properties we show how this method can be generalized to localized frequency-dependent polarizabilities, to localized hyperpolarizabilities and to localized dispersion coefficients. Some applications of the generalized decomposition technique are reviewed - calculations of frequency-dependent polarizabilities, Rayleigh scattering of large clusters, and calculations of hyperpolarizabilities of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ågren
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Wergifosse M, Grimme S. Nonlinear-response properties in a simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) framework: Evaluation of the first hyperpolarizability. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:024108. [PMID: 30007395 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in nonlinear imaging microscopy show the need to implement new theoretical tools, which are able to characterize nonlinear optical properties in an efficient way. For second-harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM), quantum chemistry could play an important role to design new exogenous dyes with enhanced first hyperpolarizabilities or to characterize the response origin in large endogenous biological systems. Such methods should be able to screen a large number of compounds while reproducing their trends and to treat large systems in reasonable computation times. To fulfill these requirements, we present a new simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) implementation to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability where the Coulomb and exchange integrals are approximated by short-range damped Coulomb interactions of transition density monopoles. For an ultra-fast computation of the first hyperpolarizability, a tight-binding version (sTD-DFT-xTB) is also proposed. In our implementation, a sTD-DFT calculation is more than 600 time faster with respect to a regular TD-DFT treatment, while the xTB version speeds up the entire calculation further by at least two orders of magnitude. We challenge our implementation on three test cases: typical push-pull π-conjugated compounds, fluorescent proteins, and a collagen model, which were selected to model requirements for SHIM applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nolte L, Antonopoulos GC, Rämisch L, Heisterkamp A, Ripken T, Meyer H. Enabling second harmonic generation as a contrast mechanism for optical projection tomography (OPT) and scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2627-2639. [PMID: 30258678 PMCID: PMC6154203 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric imaging of connective tissue provides insights into the structure of biological tissue. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has become a standard method to image collagen rich tissue like skin or cornea. Due to the non-centrosymmetric architecture, no additional label is needed and tissue can be visualized noninvasively. Thus, SHG microscopy enables the investigation of collagen associated diseases, providing high resolution images and a field of view of several hundreds of μm. However, the in toto visualization of larger samples is limited to the working distance of the objective and the integration time of the microscope setup, which can sum up to several hours and days. A faster imaging technique for samples in the mesoscopic range is scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT), which provides linear fluorescence, scattering and absorption as intrinsic contrast mechanisms. Due to the advantages of SHG and the reduced measurement time of SLOT, the integration of SHG in SLOT would be a great extension. This way SHG measurements could be performed faster on large samples, providing isotropic resolution and simultaneous acquisition of all other contrast mechanisms available, such as fluorescence and absorption. SLOT is based on the principle of computed tomography, which requires the rotation of the sample. The SHG signal, however, depends strongly on the sample orientation and the polarization of the laser, which results in SHG intensity fluctuation during sample rotation and prevents successful 3D reconstruction. In this paper we investigate the angular dependence of the SHG signal by simulation and experiment and found a way to eliminate reconstruction artifacts caused by this angular dependence in SHG-SLOT data. This way, it is now possible to visualize samples in the mesoscopic range using SHG-SLOT, with isotropic resolution and in correlation to other contrast mechanisms as absorption, fluorescence and scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nolte
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| | | | - Lisa Rämisch
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| | | | - Tammo Ripken
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Wergifosse M, Botek E, De Meulenaere E, Clays K, Champagne B. ONIOM Investigation of the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Fluorescent Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4993-5005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Edith Botek
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Meulenaere
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hadraba D, Janacek J, Filova E, Lopot F, Paesen R, Fanta O, Jarman A, Necas A, Ameloot M, Jelen K. Calcaneal Tendon Collagen Fiber Morphometry and Aging. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:1040-1047. [PMID: 28929998 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen in tendons and its natural development in rabbits are discussed in this paper. Achilles tendons from newborn (~7 days) to elderly (~38 months) rabbits were monitored in intact (n tendons=24) and microtome sectioned (n tendons=11) states with label-free second harmonic generation microscopy. After sectioning, the collagen fiber pattern was irregular for the younger animals and remained oriented parallel to the load axis of the tendon for the older animals. In contrast, the collagen fiber pattern in the intact samples followed the load axis for all the age groups. However, there was a significant difference in the tendon crimp pattern appearance between the age groups. The crimp amplitude (A) and wavelength (Λ) started at very low values (A=2.0±0.6 µm, Λ=19±4 µm) for the newborn animals. Both parameters increased for the sexually mature animals (>5 months old). When the animals were fully mature the amplitude decreased but the wavelength kept increasing. The results revealed that the microtome sectioning artifacts depend on the age of animals and that the collagen crimp pattern reflects the physical growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hadraba
- Department of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 31, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium
| | - Jiri Janacek
- Department of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Filova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Lopot
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 31, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Rik Paesen
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Fanta
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 31, Prague 6, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Anneliese Jarman
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alois Necas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium
| | - Karel Jelen
- Department of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Determination of extracellular matrix collagen fibril architectures and pathological remodeling by polarization dependent second harmonic microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12197. [PMID: 28939903 PMCID: PMC5610346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization dependence second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is gaining increase popularity for in situ quantification of fibrillar protein architectures. In this report, we combine P-SHG microscopy, new linear least square (LLS) fitting and modeling to determine and convert the complex second-order non-linear optical anisotropy parameter ρ of several collagen rich tissues into a simple geometric organization of collagen fibrils. Modeling integrates a priori knowledge of polyhelical organization of collagen molecule polymers forming fibrils and bundles of fibrils as well as Poisson photonic shot noise of the detection system. The results, which accurately predict the known sub-microscopic hierarchical organization of collagen fibrils in several tissues, suggest that they can be subdivided into three classes according to their microscopic and macroscopic hierarchical organization of collagen fibrils. They also show, for the first time to our knowledge, intrahepatic spatial discrimination between genuine fibrotic and non-fibrotic vessels. CCl4-treated livers are characterized by an increase in the percentage of fibrotic vessels and their remodeling involves peri-portal compaction and alignment of collagen fibrils that should contribute to portal hypertension. This integrated P-SHG image analysis method is a powerful tool that should open new avenue for the determination of pathophysiological and chemo-mechanical cues impacting collagen fibrils organization.
Collapse
|
26
|
Finnøy A, Olstad K, Lilledahl MB. Non-linear optical microscopy of cartilage canals in the distal femur of young pigs may reveal the cause of articular osteochondrosis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:270. [PMID: 28830435 PMCID: PMC5568222 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular osteochondrosis is a common cause of leg weakness in pigs and is defined as a focal delay in the endochondral ossification of the epiphysis. The first demonstrated steps in the pathogenesis consist of loss of blood supply and subsequent chondronecrosis in the epiphyseal growth cartilage. Blood vessels in cartilage are located in cartilage canals and become incorporated into the secondary ossification centre during growth. It has been hypothesized that vascular failure occurs during this incorporation process, but it is not known what predisposes a canal to fail. To obtain new information that may reveal the cause of vascular failure, the distal femur of 4 pigs aged 82–140 days was sampled and examined by non-linear optical microscopy. This novel technique was used for its ability to reveal information about collagen by second harmonic generation and cellular morphology by two-photon-excited fluorescence in thick sections without staining. The aims were to identify morphological variations between cartilage canal segments and to examine if failed cartilage canals could be followed back to the location where the blood supply ceased. Results The cartilage canals were shown to vary in their content of collagen fibres (112/412 segments), and the second harmonic and fluorescence signals indicated a variation in the bundling of collagen fibrils (245/412 segments) and in the calcification (30/412 segments) of the adjacent cartilage matrix. Failed cartilage canals associated with chondronecrosis were shown to enter the epiphyseal growth cartilage from not only the secondary ossification centre, but also the attachment site of the caudal cruciate ligament. Conclusion The variations between cartilage canal segments could potentially explain why the blood supply fails at the osteochondral junction in only a subset of the canals. Proteins linked to these variations should be examined in future genomic studies. Although incorporation can still be a major cause, it could not account for all cases of vascular failure. The role of the caudal cruciate ligament in the cause of osteochondrosis should therefore be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Finnøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristin Olstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Equine Section, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus B Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dow XY, DeWalt EL, Sullivan SZ, Schmitt PD, Ulcickas JRW, Simpson GJ. Imaging the Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor of Collagen by Nonlinear Optical Stokes Ellipsometry. Biophys J 2017; 111:1361-1374. [PMID: 27705760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometric (NOSE) microscopy was demonstrated for the analysis of collagen-rich biological tissues. NOSE is based on polarization-dependent second harmonic generation imaging. NOSE was used to access the molecular-level distribution of collagen fibril orientation relative to the local fiber axis at every position within the field of view. Fibril tilt-angle distribution was investigated by combining the NOSE measurements with ab initio calculations of the predicted molecular nonlinear optical response of a single collagen triple helix. The results were compared with results obtained previously by scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and electron tomography. These results were enabled by first measuring the laboratory-frame Jones nonlinear susceptibility tensor, then extending to the local-frame tensor through pixel-by-pixel corrections based on local orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Y Dow
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Emma L DeWalt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shane Z Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Couture CA, Bancelin S, Van der Kolk J, Popov K, Rivard M, Légaré K, Martel G, Richard H, Brown C, Laverty S, Ramunno L, Légaré F. The Impact of Collagen Fibril Polarity on Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Biophys J 2016; 109:2501-2510. [PMID: 26682809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the implementation of interferometric second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy with femtosecond pulses. As a proof of concept, we imaged the phase distribution of SHG signal from the complex collagen architecture of juvenile equine growth cartilage. The results are analyzed in respect to numerical simulations to extract the relative orientation of collagen fibrils within the tissue. Our results reveal large domains of constant phase together with regions of quasi-random phase, which are correlated to respectively high- and low-intensity regions in the standard SHG images. A comparison with polarization-resolved SHG highlights the crucial role of relative fibril polarity in determining the SHG signal intensity. Indeed, it appears that even a well-organized noncentrosymmetric structure emits low SHG signal intensity if it has no predominant local polarity. This work illustrates how the complex architecture of noncentrosymmetric scatterers at the nanoscale governs the coherent building of SHG signal within the focal volume and is a key advance toward a complete understanding of the structural origin of SHG signals from tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Konstantin Popov
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Martel
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Richard
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lora Ramunno
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gu B, Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Baev A, Ohulchanskyy TY, Damasco JA, Yong KT, Wen S, Prasad PN. In-situ second harmonic generation by cancer cell targeting ZnO nanocrystals to effect photodynamic action in subcellular space. Biomaterials 2016; 104:78-86. [PMID: 27442221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of in-situ upconversion of deep penetrating near infrared light via second harmonic generation from ZnO nanocrystals delivered into cells to effect photo activated therapies, such as photodynamic therapy, which usually require activation by visible light with limited penetration through biological tissues. We demonstrated this concept by subcellular activation of a photodynamic therapy drug, Chlorin e6, excited within its strong absorption Soret band by the second harmonic (SH) light, generated at 409 nm by ZnO nanocrystals, which were targeted to cancer cells and internalized through the folate-receptor mediated endocytosis. By a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental measurements, we show that SH light, generated in-situ by ZnO nanocrystals significantly contributes to activation of photosensitizer, leading to cell death through both apoptotic and necrotic pathways initiated in the cytoplasm. This targeted photodynamic action was studied using label-free Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering imaging of the treated cells to monitor changes in the distribution of native cellular proteins and lipids. We found that initiation of photodynamic therapy with upconverted light led to global reduction in the intracellular concentration of macromolecules, likely due to suppression of proteins and lipids synthesis, which could be considered as a real-time indicator of cellular damage from photodynamic treatment. In prospective applications this in-situ photon upconversion could be further extended using ZnO nanocrystals surface functionalized with a specific organelle targeting group, provided a powerful approach to identify and consequently maximize a cellular response to phototherapy, selectively initiated in a specific cellular organelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Gu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Alexander Baev
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jossana A Damasco
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Teulon C, Tidu A, Portier F, Mosser G, Schanne-Klein MC. Probing the 3D structure of cornea-like collagen liquid crystals with polarization-resolved SHG microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:16084-98. [PMID: 27410876 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at characterizing the three-dimensional organization of liquid crystals composed of collagen, in order to determine the physico-chemical conditions leading to highly organized structures found in biological tissues such as cornea. To that end, we use second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, since aligned collagen structures have been shown to exhibit intrinsic SHG signals. We combine polarization-resolved SHG experiments (P-SHG) with the theoretical derivation of the SHG signal of collagen molecules tilted with respect to the focal plane. Our P-SHG images exhibit striated patterns with variable contrast, as expected from our analytical and numerical calculations for plywood-like nematic structures similar to the ones found in the cornea. This study demonstrates the benefits of P-SHG microscopy for in situ characterization of highly organized biopolymers at micrometer scale, and the unique sensitivity of this nonlinear optical technique to the orientation of collagen molecules.
Collapse
|
31
|
Harczuk I, Vahtras O, Ågren H. First Hyperpolarizability of Collagen Using the Point Dipole Approximation. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2132-2138. [PMID: 27203480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of localized hyperpolarizabilities to predict a total protein hyperpolarizability is presented for the first time, using rat-tail collagen as a demonstration example. We employ a model comprising the quadratic Applequist point-dipole approach, the so-called LoProp transformation, and a procedure with molecular fractionation using conjugate caps to determine the atomic and bond contributions to the net β tensor of the collagen [(PPG)10]3 triple-helix. By using Tholes exponential damping modification to the dyadic tensor in the Applequist equations, a correct qualitative agreement with experiment is found. The intensity of the βHRS signal and the depolarization ratios are best reproduced by decomposing the LoProp properties into the atomic positions and using Tholes exponential damping with the original damping parameter. Some ramifications of the model for general protein property optimization are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignat Harczuk
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Vahtras
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bancelin S, Couture CA, Légaré K, Pinsard M, Rivard M, Brown C, Légaré F. Fast interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:399-408. [PMID: 26977349 PMCID: PMC4771458 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of fast Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation (I-SHG) microscopy to study the polarity of non-centrosymmetric structures in biological tissues. Using a sample quartz plate, we calibrate the spatially varying phase shift introduced by the laser scanning system. Compensating this phase shift allows us to retrieve the correct phase distribution in periodically poled lithium niobate, used as a model sample. Finally, we used fast interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy to acquire phase images in tendon. Our results show that the method exposed here, using a laser scanning system, allows to recover the polarity of collagen fibrils, similarly to standard I-SHG (using a sample scanning system), but with an imaging time about 40 times shorter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tokarz D, Cisek R, Golaraei A, Asa SL, Barzda V, Wilson BC. Ultrastructural features of collagen in thyroid carcinoma tissue observed by polarization second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3475-81. [PMID: 26417516 PMCID: PMC4574672 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes in collagen ultrastructure between malignant and normal human thyroid tissue were investigated ex vivo using polarization second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor component ratio and the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal were measured. The ratio values are related to the collagen ultrastructure, while DOLP indicates the relative amount of coherent signal and incoherent scattering of SHG. Increase in ratio values and decrease in DOLP were observed for tumor tissue compared to normal thyroid, indicating higher ultrastructural disorder in tumor collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Asa
- University Health Network/University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wasik V, Réfrégier P, Roche M, Brasselet S. Precision of polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy limited by photon noise for samples with cylindrical symmetry. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:1437-45. [PMID: 26367286 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of parameters in polarization-resolved two-photon microscopy response perturbed by photon noise is analyzed in the context of second harmonic generation for the distribution of molecules presenting cylindrical symmetry. The estimation task is investigated using the Cramer-Rao lower bound for Poisson photon noise. It is shown that a noniterative technique can lead to estimation results that have good efficiencies for most of the physical possible values of the sample parameters for sufficiently high photon levels. The trade-off, between the number of incident polarization states and the total number of measured photons, that can be obtained with the Cramer-Rao lower bound is also discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Nanomechanical mapping of hydrated rat tail tendon collagen I fibrils. Biophys J 2015; 107:1794-1801. [PMID: 25418160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen fibrils play an important role in the human body, providing tensile strength to connective tissues. These fibrils are characterized by a banding pattern with a D-period of 67 nm. The proposed origin of the D-period is the internal staggering of tropocollagen molecules within the fibril, leading to gap and overlap regions and a corresponding periodic density fluctuation. Using an atomic force microscope high-resolution modulus maps of collagen fibril segments, up to 80 μm in length, were acquired at indentation speeds around 10(5) nm/s. The maps revealed a periodic modulation corresponding to the D-period as well as previously undocumented micrometer scale fluctuations. Further analysis revealed a 4/5, gap/overlap, ratio in the measured modulus providing further support for the quarter-staggered model of collagen fibril axial structure. The modulus values obtained at indentation speeds around 10(5) nm/s are significantly larger than those previously reported. Probing the effect of indentation speed over four decades reveals two distinct logarithmic regimes of the measured modulus and point to the existence of a characteristic molecular relaxation time around 0.1 ms. Furthermore, collagen fibrils exposed to temperatures between 50 and 62°C and cooled back to room temperature show a sharp decrease in modulus and a sharp increase in fibril diameter. This is also associated with a disappearance of the D-period and the appearance of twisted subfibrils with a pitch in the micrometer range. Based on all these data and a similar behavior observed for cross-linked polymer networks below the glass transition temperature, we propose that collagen I fibrils may be in a glassy state while hydrated.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tilbury K, Campagnola PJ. Applications of second-harmonic generation imaging microscopy in ovarian and breast cancer. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 7:21-32. [PMID: 25987830 PMCID: PMC4403703 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we discuss how the nonlinear optical technique of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been used to greatly enhance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast and ovarian cancer. Striking changes in collagen architecture are associated with these epithelial cancers, and SHG can image these changes with great sensitivity and specificity with submicrometer resolution. This information has not historically been exploited by pathologists but has the potential to enhance diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. We summarize the utility of image processing tools that analyze fiber morphology in SHG images of breast and ovarian cancer in human tissues and animal models. We also describe methods that exploit the SHG physical underpinnings that are effective in delineating normal and malignant tissues. First we describe the use of polarization-resolved SHG that yields metrics related to macromolecular and supramolecular structures. The coherence and corresponding phase-matching process of SHG results in emission directionality (forward to backward), which is related to sub-resolution fibrillar assembly. These analyses are more general and more broadly applicable than purely morphology-based analyses; however, they are more computationally intensive. Intravital imaging techniques are also emerging that incorporate all of these quantitative analyses. Now, all these techniques can be coupled with rapidly advancing miniaturization of imaging systems to afford their use in clinical situations including enhancing pathology analysis and also in assisting in real-time surgical determination of tumor margins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. ; Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Milne BF, Norman P. Resonant-Convergent PCM Response Theory for the Calculation of Second Harmonic Generation in Makaluvamines A–V: Pyrroloiminoquinone Marine Natural Products from Poriferans of Genus Zyzzya. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5368-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce F. Milne
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Department
of Materials Physics, University of the Basque Country, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC and DIPC, Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centre
for Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Determination of collagen fibril size via absolute measurements of second-harmonic generation signals. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4920. [PMID: 25223385 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantification of collagen fibril size is a major issue for the investigation of pathological disorders associated with structural defects of the extracellular matrix. Second-harmonic generation microscopy is a powerful technique to characterize the macromolecular organization of collagen in unstained biological tissues. Nevertheless, due to the complex coherent building of this nonlinear optical signal, it has never been used to measure fibril diameter so far. Here we report absolute measurements of second-harmonic signals from isolated fibrils down to 30 nm diameter, via implementation of correlative second-harmonic-electron microscopy. Moreover, using analytical and numerical calculations, we demonstrate that the high sensitivity of this technique originates from the parallel alignment of collagen triple helices within fibrils and the subsequent constructive interferences of second-harmonic radiations. Finally, we use these absolute measurements as a calibration for ex vivo quantification of fibril diameter in the Descemet's membrane of a diabetic rat cornea.
Collapse
|
39
|
Duboisset J, Matar G, Besson F, Ficheux D, Benichou E, Russier-Antoine I, Jonin C, Brevet PF. Second harmonic generation from tryptophan-rich short peptides: W(n)K(m) and gramicidin A. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10413-8. [PMID: 25144248 DOI: 10.1021/jp506416s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the first hyperpolarizability of a series of tryptophan-rich short peptides with the respective sequence KWK, KWWK, KWWWK, KWWKWWK, where W and K stand for tryptophan and lysine. The measurements were performed with the technique of hyper-Rayleigh scattering in the bulk of an aqueous Tris buffer solution at a pH of 8.5 and a salt concentration of 150 mM at the non-resonant fundamental wavelength of 784 nm. The first hyperpolarizability of the different peptides follows a simple additive model scaling with the number of tryptophan residues contained in the peptide. However, it appears that the first hyperpolarizability response of a single tryptophan residue in the peptide strongly differs from that of an isolated tryptophan. Hence, it is therefore demonstrated that the local environment of the tryptophan residues within the peptide strongly influences its nonlinear optical response. A comparison with the first hyperpolarizability of the natural peptide gramicidin A measured in trifluoroethanol (TFE) further confirms the key role of the local environment on the first hyperpolarizability of tryptophan residues in peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Duboisset
- Institut Lumière Matière, ILM UMR CNRS 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , 10 Rue Ada Byron, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Birk JW, Tadros M, Moezardalan K, Nadyarnykh O, Forouhar F, Anderson J, Campagnola P. Second harmonic generation imaging distinguishes both high-grade dysplasia and cancer from normal colonic mucosa. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1529-34. [PMID: 24744180 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a novel imaging technology that could provide optical biopsy during endoscopy with advantages over current technology. SHG has the unique ability to evaluate the amount of extracellular matrix collagen protein and its alignment. METHODS Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides from colon biopsies (normal, low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and cancer) were examined with SHG imaging. Both signal intensity and collagen fiber alignment were measured. Average intensity per pixel (AIPP) was obtained, and an analyzing polarizer was used to calculate β, an alignment parameter. RESULTS The mean AIPP for normal mucosa was 48, LGD was 38, HGD was 42, and malignancy was 123 (p < 0.01). The AIPP ROC curve between malignant versus non-malignant tissue was 0.96 (0.93-0.99). An AIPP value of 60 can differentiate malignancy with 87 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity. The mean β for normal tissue was 0.490, LGD was 0.379, HGD was 0.345, and cancer was 0.453 (p = 0.013), with a normal tissue mean rank of 6.5 compared to 2.5 for HGD (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS SHG signal intensity can differentiate malignant from non-malignant colonic polyp tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. Anisotropic polarization can discern HGD from normal colonic polyp tissue. SHG can thus distinguish both HGD and malignant lesions in an objective numeric fashion, without contrast agents or interpretation skills. SHG could be incorporated into endoscopy equipment to enhance white light endoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Birk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-1845, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Milne BF, Norman P, Nogueira F, Cardoso C. Marine natural products from the deep Pacific as potential non-linear optical chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:14814-22. [PMID: 23907146 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical analysis using quadratic response theory within the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) formalism shows that the dermacozines, a group of phenazine-based compounds isolated from cultures of Dermacoccus abyssi found in the Mariana Trench, possess large first hyperpolarisability (β) values at common incident laser wavelengths that are highly sensitive to the degree and type of substitution of the core structure. The phenazine moiety is a versatile and tunable chromophore for non-linear optics and this work serves to highlight the potential that (marine) natural products, even those found in the darkest places on the planet, may have for aiding developments in optical materials design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce F Milne
- Centre for Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Loison C, Nasir MN, Benichou E, Besson F, Brevet PF. Multi-scale modeling of mycosubtilin lipopeptides at the air/water interface: structure and optical second harmonic generation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2136-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Duboisset J, Deniset-Besseau A, Benichou E, Russier-Antoine I, Lascoux N, Jonin C, Hache F, Schanne-Klein MC, Brevet PF. A bottom-up approach to build the hyperpolarizability of peptides and proteins from their amino acids. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9877-81. [PMID: 23879840 DOI: 10.1021/jp312574q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that some peptides and proteins lend themselves to an elementary analysis where their first hyperpolarizability can be decomposed into the coherent superposition of the first hyperpolarizability of their elementary units. We then show that those elementary units can be associated with the amino acids themselves in the case of nonaromatic amino acids and nonresonant second harmonic generation. As a case study, this work investigates the experimentally determined first hyperpolarizability of rat tail Type I collagen and compares it to that of the shorter peptide [(PPG)10]3, where P and G are the one-letter code for Proline and Glycine, respectively, and that of the triamino acid peptides PPG and GGG. An absolute value of (0.16 ± 0.01) × 10(-30) esu for the first hyperpolarizability of nonaromatic amino acids is then obtained by using the newly defined 0.087 × 10(-30) esu reference value for water. By using a collagen like model, the microscopic hyperpolarizability along the peptide bond can be evaluated at (0.7 ± 0.1) × 10(-30) esu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Duboisset
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sivaguru M, Eichorst JP, Durgam S, Fried GA, Stewart AA, Stewart MC. Imaging horse tendons using multimodal 2-photon microscopy. Methods 2013; 66:256-67. [PMID: 23871762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and damage to tendons plague both human and equine athletes. At the site of injuries, various cells congregate to repair and re-structure the collagen. Treatments for collagen injury range from simple procedures such as icing and pharmaceutical treatments to more complex surgeries and the implantation of stem cells. Regardless of the treatment, the level of mechanical stimulation incurred by the recovering tendon is crucial. However, for a given tendon injury, it is not known precisely how much of a load should be applied for an effective recovery. Both too much and too little loading of the tendon could be detrimental during recovery. A mapping of the complex local environment imparted to any cell present at the site of a tendon injury may however, convey fundamental insights related to their decision making as a function of applied load. Therefore, fundamentally knowing how cells translate mechanical cues from their external environment into signals regulating their functions during repair is crucial to more effectively treat these types of injuries. In this paper, we studied systems of tendons with a variety of 2-photon-based imaging techniques to examine the local mechanical environment of cells in both normal and injured tendons. These tendons were chemically treated to instigate various extents of injury and in some cases, were injected with stem cells. The results related by each imaging technique distinguish with high contrast and resolution multiple morphologies of the cells' nuclei and the alignment of the collagen during injury. The incorporation of 2-photon FLIM into this study probed new features in the local environment of the nuclei that were not apparent with steady-state imaging. Overall, this paper focuses on horse tendon injury pattern and analysis with different 2-photon confocal modalities useful for wide variety of application in damaged tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - John Paul Eichorst
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sushmitha Durgam
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Glenn A Fried
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Allison A Stewart
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew C Stewart
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee H, Huttunen MJ, Hsu KJ, Partanen M, Zhuo GY, Kauranen M, Chu SW. Chiral imaging of collagen by second-harmonic generation circular dichroism. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:909-16. [PMID: 23761852 PMCID: PMC3675869 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We provide evidence that the chirality of collagen can give rise to strong second-harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) responses in nonlinear microscopy. Although chirality is an intrinsic structural property of collagen, most of the previous studies ignore that property. We demonstrate chiral imaging of individual collagen fibers by using a laser scanning microscope and type-I collagen from pig ligaments. 100% contrast level of SHG-CD is achieved with sub-micrometer spatial resolution. As a new contrast mechanism for imaging chiral structures in bio-tissues, this technique provides information about collagen morphology and three-dimensional orientation of collagen molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lee
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. J. Huttunen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, Finland
| | - K.-J. Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. Partanen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, Finland
| | - G.-Y. Zhuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. Kauranen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, Finland
| | - S.-W. Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Han Y, Raghunathan V, Feng RR, Maekawa H, Chung CY, Feng Y, Potma EO, Ge NH. Mapping molecular orientation with phase sensitive vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6149-56. [PMID: 23675654 DOI: 10.1021/jp4022147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a phase sensitive, vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation (PSVR-SFG) microscope that combines high resolution, fast image acquisition speed, chemical selectivity, and phase sensitivity. Using the PSVR-SFG microscope, we generate amplitude and phase images of the second-order susceptibility of collagen I fibers in rat tail tendon tissue on resonance with the methylene vibrations of the protein. We find that the phase of the second-order susceptibility shows dependence on the effective polarity of the fibril bundles, revealing fibrous collagen domains of opposite orientations within the tissue. The presence of collagen microdomains in tendon tissue may have implications for the interpretation of the mechanical properties of the tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gusachenko I, Tran V, Goulam Houssen Y, Allain JM, Schanne-Klein MC. Polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation in tendon upon mechanical stretching. Biophys J 2012; 102:2220-9. [PMID: 22824287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a triple-helical protein that forms various macromolecular organizations in tissues and is responsible for the biomechanical and physical properties of most organs. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a valuable imaging technique to probe collagen fibrillar organization. In this article, we use a multiscale nonlinear optical formalism to bring theoretical evidence that anisotropy of polarization-resolved SHG mostly reflects the micrometer-scale disorder in the collagen fibril distribution. Our theoretical expectations are confirmed by experimental results in rat-tail tendon. To that end, we report what to our knowledge is the first experimental implementation of polarization-resolved SHG microscopy combined with mechanical assays, to simultaneously monitor the biomechanical response of rat-tail tendon at macroscopic scale and the rearrangement of collagen fibrils in this tissue at microscopic scale. These experiments bring direct evidence that tendon stretching corresponds to straightening and aligning of collagen fibrils within the fascicle. We observe a decrease in the SHG anisotropy parameter when the tendon is stretched in a physiological range, in agreement with our numerical simulations. Moreover, these experiments provide a unique measurement of the nonlinear optical response of aligned fibrils. Our data show an excellent agreement with recently published theoretical calculations of the collagen triple helix hyperpolarizability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gusachenko
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U696, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tuer AE, Akens MK, Krouglov S, Sandkuijl D, Wilson BC, Whyne CM, Barzda V. Hierarchical model of fibrillar collagen organization for interpreting the second-order susceptibility tensors in biological tissue. Biophys J 2012. [PMID: 23200043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The second-order nonlinear polarization properties of fibrillar collagen in various rat tissues (vertebrae, tibia, tail tendon, dermis, and cornea) are investigated with polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy. Three parameters are extracted: the second-order susceptibility ratio, R = [Formula: see text] ; a measure of the fibril distribution asymmetry, |A|; and the weighted-average fibril orientation, <δ>. A hierarchical organizational model of fibrillar collagen is developed to interpret the second-harmonic generation polarization properties. Highlights of the model include: collagen type (e.g., type-I, type-II), fibril internal structure (e.g., straight, constant-tilt), and fibril architecture (e.g., parallel fibers, intertwined, lamellae). Quantifiable differences in internal structure and architecture of the fibrils are observed. Occurrence histograms of R and |A| distinguished parallel from nonparallel fibril distributions. Parallel distributions possessed low parameter values and variability, whereas nonparallel distributions displayed an increase in values and variability. From the P-SHG parameters of vertebrae tissue, a three-dimensional reconstruction of lamellae of intervertebral disk is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Tuer
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Latour G, Kowalczuk L, Savoldelli M, Bourges JL, Plamann K, Behar-Cohen F, Schanne-Klein MC. Hyperglycemia-induced abnormalities in rat and human corneas: the potential of second harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48388. [PMID: 23139780 PMCID: PMC3489670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy recently appeared as an efficient optical imaging technique to probe unstained collagen-rich tissues like cornea. Moreover, corneal remodeling occurs in many diseases and precise characterization requires overcoming the limitations of conventional techniques. In this work, we focus on diabetes, which affects hundreds of million people worldwide and most often leads to diabetic retinopathy, with no early diagnostic tool. This study then aims to establish the potential of SHG microscopy for in situ detection and characterization of hyperglycemia-induced abnormalities in the Descemet’s membrane, in the posterior cornea. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied corneas from age-matched control and Goto-Kakizaki rats, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, and corneas from human donors with type 2 diabetes and without any diabetes. SHG imaging was compared to confocal microscopy, to histology characterization using conventional staining and transmitted light microscopy and to transmission electron microscopy. SHG imaging revealed collagen deposits in the Descemet’s membrane of unstained corneas in a unique way compared to these gold standard techniques in ophthalmology. It provided background-free images of the three-dimensional interwoven distribution of the collagen deposits, with improved contrast compared to confocal microscopy. It also provided structural capability in intact corneas because of its high specificity to fibrillar collagen, with substantially larger field of view than transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, in vivo SHG imaging was demonstrated in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Conclusions/Significance Our study shows unambiguously the high potential of SHG microscopy for three-dimensional characterization of structural abnormalities in unstained corneas. Furthermore, our demonstration of in vivo SHG imaging opens the way to long-term dynamical studies. This method should be easily generalized to other structural remodeling of the cornea and SHG microscopy should prove to be invaluable for in vivo corneal pathological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Latour
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM U696, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laura Kowalczuk
- Laboratory of Applied Optics, ENSTA ParisTech, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Team17: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases, Therapeutic Innovations, INSERM UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, AP-HP Hôtel-Dieu, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Savoldelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, AP-HP Hôtel-Dieu, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bourges
- Department of Ophthalmology, AP-HP Hôtel-Dieu, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karsten Plamann
- Laboratory of Applied Optics, ENSTA ParisTech, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Team17: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases, Therapeutic Innovations, INSERM UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, AP-HP Hôtel-Dieu, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM U696, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ignatieva NY, Zakharkina OL, Lunin VV, Baratova LA, Grokhovskaya TE, Balalaeva IV, Sergeeva EA. Two subsystems of meniscal collagen and their different thermal stabilities. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012; 444:175-7. [PMID: 22773005 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672912030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Ignatieva
- Chemical Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|