1
|
Prakoso SP, Sun SS, Saleh R, Tao YT, Wang CL. Tailoring Photophysical Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Small Molecules with Electron-Withdrawing Moieties for Efficient Solar Steam Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38365-38374. [PMID: 34351125 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of photothermal materials (PTMs) for solar steam generation (SSG) has gained tremendous attention in response to the global clean water scarcity issue. However, the investigation in employing organic small-molecule PTMs for SSG applications is rarely found due to their narrow optical absorption range to harvest solar energy and insufficient photostability for long-term use. Herein, we employ a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core unit together with electron-withdrawing (EW) endcaps and siloxane side chains to introduce stronger intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics as well as the hydrophobic character. The enhanced ICT characteristics of DPP derivatives render a broad optical absorption range, less emission, and a high nonradiative decay rate for efficient solar energy harvesting and photothermal effects. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic nature of these DPP derivatives allows the facile fabrication of novel Janus photothermal membranes for effective water vaporization and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency. By embedding DPP derivatives to the SSG device, we showed that the solar-to-vapor efficiency can reach up to 71.8% under relatively low visible light power (∼700 W m-2), which is, on average, 2.66 times higher than that of bulk water of similar dimension. Moreover, this report demonstrates the great potential of conjugated small molecules for photothermal applications, owing to their versatility and flexibility in structural engineering and its diminishing radiative decay properties. This may inspire more innovation and advancement in SSG applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhendro Purbo Prakoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Shue Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Rosari Saleh
- Departemen Fisika, Fakultas MIPA-Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Shue Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oehrlein AN, Sanchez-Diaz A, Goff PC, Planells M, Robertson N, Blank DA, Gladfelter WL. Effect of extending conjugation via thiophene-based oligomers on the excited state electron transfer rates to ZnO nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6991-6998. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite spectral differences of a series of thiophene dyes, their excited state electron transfer rates to ZnO nanocrystals are similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Oehrlein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Philip C. Goff
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Miquel Planells
- EastChem School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Neil Robertson
- EastChem School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Purvis LJ, Gu X, Ghosh S, Zhang Z, Cramer CJ, Douglas CJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Electron-Deficient Asymmetrically Substituted Diarylindenotetracenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1828-1841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lafe J. Purvis
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xingxian Gu
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Douglas
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Gong X, Zheng C, Gao D. Development of Pyrene Derivatives as Promising n-Type Semiconductors: Synthesis, Structural and Spectral Properties. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Deqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caplins BW, Mullenbach TK, Holmes RJ, Blank DA. Femtosecond to nanosecond excited state dynamics of vapor deposited copper phthalocyanine thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:11454-9. [PMID: 27058732 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vapor deposited thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy. Exciton-exciton annihilation dominated the kinetics at high exciton densities. When annihilation was minimized, the observed lifetime was measured to be 8.6 ± 0.6 ns, which is over an order of magnitude longer than previous reports. In comparison with metal free phthalocyanine (H2Pc), the data show evidence that the presence of copper induces an ultrafast relaxation process taking place on the ca. 500 fs timescale. By comparison to recent time-resolved photoemission studies, this is assigned as ultrafast intersystem crossing. As the intersystem crossing occurs ca. 10(4) times faster than lifetime decay, it is likely that triplets are the dominant excitons in vapor deposited CuPc films. The exciton lifetime of CuPc thin films is ca. 35 times longer than H2Pc thin films, while the diffusion lengths reported in the literature are typically quite similar for the two materials. These findings suggest that despite appearing to be similar materials at first glance, CuPc and H2Pc may transport energy in dramatically different ways. This has important implications on the design and mechanistic understanding of devices where phthalocyanines are used as an excitonic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Caplins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - Tyler K Mullenbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Russell J Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - David A Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oehrlein AN, Sanchez-Diaz A, Goff PC, Ziegler GM, Pappenfus TM, Mann KR, Blank DA, Gladfelter WL. Effects of a phosphonate anchoring group on the excited state electron transfer rates from a terthiophene chromophore to a ZnO nanocrystal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24294-24303. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03784h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Relative to carboxyl-anchored chromophores, phosphonate-anchored dyes are bound more strongly but slow the excited state electron transfer to ZnO nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Oehrlein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Philip C. Goff
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics
- University of Minnesota-Morris
- Morris
- USA
| | - Kent R. Mann
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zatsikha YV, Didukh NO, Blesener T, Kayser MP, Kovtun YP, Blank DA, Nemykin VN. Preparation, Characterization, Redox, and Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Properties of the NIR‐Absorbing
N
‐Ferrocenyl‐2‐pyridone BODIPYs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaR3T 2N2WinnipegMBCanada
| | - Natalia O. Didukh
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Institute of Organic ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine5 Murmanska str.02660KyivUkraine
| | - Tanner Blesener
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaR3T 2N2WinnipegMBCanada
| | - Mathew P. Kayser
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yuriy P. Kovtun
- Institute of Organic ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine5 Murmanska str.02660KyivUkraine
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Minnesota207 Pleasant St. SE55455MinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaR3T 2N2WinnipegMBCanada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Batignani G, Pontecorvo E, Ferrante C, Aschi M, Elles CG, Scopigno T. Visualizing Excited-State Dynamics of a Diaryl Thiophene: Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering as a Probe of Conjugated Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2981-8. [PMID: 27428853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated organic polymers based on substituted thiophene units are versatile building blocks of many photoactive materials, such as photochromic molecular switches or solar energy conversion devices. Unraveling the different processes underlying their photochemistry, such as the evolution on different electronic states and multidimensional structural relaxation, is a challenge critical to defining their function. Using femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) supported by quantum chemical calculations, we visualize the reaction pathway upon photoexcitation of the model compound 2-methyl-5-phenylthiophene. Specifically, we find that the initial wavepacket dynamics of the reaction coordinates occurs within the first ≈1.5 ps, followed by a ≈10 ps thermalization. Subsequent slow opening of the thiophene ring through a cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond triggers an intersystem crossing to the triplet excited state. Our work demonstrates how a detailed mapping of the excited-state dynamics can be obtained, combining simultaneous structural sensitivity and ultrafast temporal resolution of FSRS with the chemical information provided by time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Batignani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza" , Roma I-00185, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Universitá degli Studi dell'Aquila , L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pontecorvo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza" , Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Carino Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza" , Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Aschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Universitá degli Studi dell'Aquila , L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Tullio Scopigno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza" , Roma I-00185, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Roma I-00161, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pavlovich VS. Solvatochromism and Nonradiative Decay of Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excited States: Bands-of-Energy Model, Thermodynamics, and Self-Organization. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:4081-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Molins i Domenech F, FitzPatrick B, Healy AT, Blank DA. Photodetachment and electron reactivity in 1-methyl-1-butyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4736569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
11
|
Schwartz KR, Chitta R, Bohnsack JN, Ceckanowicz DJ, Miró P, Cramer CJ, Mann KR. Effect of Axially Projected Oligothiophene Pendants and Nitro-Functionalized Diimine Ligands on the Lowest Excited State in Cationic Ir(III) bis-Cyclometalates. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5082-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202573y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| | - Raghu Chitta
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| | - Jon N. Bohnsack
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| | - Darren J. Ceckanowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| | - Pere Miró
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| | - Kent R. Mann
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheldakov IL, Wasylenko JM, Elles CG. Excited-state dynamics and efficient triplet formation in phenylthiophene compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6211-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23602h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
González SR, Orduna J, Alicante R, Villacampa B, McGee KA, Pina J, Seixas de Melo J, Schwaderer KM, Johnson JC, Blackorbay BA, Hansmeier JJ, Bolton VF, Helland TJ, Edlund BA, Pappenfus TM, López Navarrete JT, Casado J. Understanding Optoelectronic Properties of Cyano-Terminated Oligothiophenes in the Context of Intramolecular Charge Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10573-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2070375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kari A. McGee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P3049-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P3049-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kathryn M. Schwaderer
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Jared C. Johnson
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Brady A. Blackorbay
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Jacob J. Hansmeier
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Victoria F. Bolton
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Tyler J. Helland
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Brett A. Edlund
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wagner K, Crowe LL, Wagner P, Gambhir S, Partridge AC, Earles JC, Clarke TM, Gordon KC, Officer DL. Indanedione-Substituted Poly(terthiophene)s: Processable Conducting Polymers with Intramolecular Charge Transfer Interactions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902782x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Wagner
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia
| | - Loretta L. Crowe
- IFS MacDiarmid Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pawel Wagner
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia
| | - Sanjeev Gambhir
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia
| | - Ashton C. Partridge
- IFS MacDiarmid Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John C. Earles
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David L. Officer
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao YS, Zhan P, Kim J, Sun C, Huang J. Patterned growth of vertically aligned organic nanowire waveguide arrays. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1630-1636. [PMID: 20143788 DOI: 10.1021/nn901567z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vertical nanowire arrays were prepared from an organic dye compound, 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ), on various types of substrates by a facile physical vapor transport method. It was found that the DAAQ grows much faster on the substrates with higher surface energies. Therefore, patterned growth of the nanowire arrays was achieved by modifying the substrate surfaces both geometrically and chemically to induce selective growth in areas of higher surface energies. The DAAQ nanowires can serve as nanosized active optical waveguides that allow the locally excited photoluminescence to propagate along the length of the wires. The low-loss waveguide propagation modes along the nanowire were observed experimentally. The nanowire arrays can be integrated directly with a portable fiber optics spectrometer for chemical vapor sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sheng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|