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Di Rocco G, Ranieri A, Borsari M, Sola M, Bortolotti CA, Battistuzzi G. Assessing the Functional and Structural Stability of the Met80Ala Mutant of Cytochrome c in Dimethylsulfoxide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175630. [PMID: 36080396 PMCID: PMC9458088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Met80Ala variant of yeast cytochrome c is known to possess electrocatalytic properties that are absent in the wild type form and that make it a promising candidate for biocatalysis and biosensing. The versatility of an enzyme is enhanced by the stability in mixed aqueous/organic solvents that would allow poorly water-soluble substrates to be targeted. In this work, we have evaluated the effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the functionality of the Met80Ala cytochrome c mutant, by investigating the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer in mixed water/DMSO solutions up to 50% DMSO v/v. In parallel, we have monitored spectroscopically the retention of the main structural features in the same medium, focusing on both the overall protein structure and the heme center. We found that the organic solvent exerts only minor effects on the redox and structural properties of the mutant mostly as a result of the modification of the dielectric constant of the solvent. This would warrant proper functionality of this variant also under these potentially hostile experimental conditions, that differ from the physiological milieu of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.B.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0592058608 (C.A.B.); +39-059208639 (G.B.)
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.B.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0592058608 (C.A.B.); +39-059208639 (G.B.)
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Di Rocco G, Battistuzzi G, Borsari M, Bortolotti CA, Ranieri A, Sola M. The enthalpic and entropic terms of the reduction potential of metalloproteins: Determinants and interplay. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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How to Turn an Electron Transfer Protein into a Redox Enzyme for Biosensing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164950. [PMID: 34443538 PMCID: PMC8398203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c is a small globular protein whose main physiological role is to shuttle electrons within the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This protein has been widely investigated, especially as a paradigmatic system for understanding the fundamental aspects of biological electron transfer and protein folding. Nevertheless, cytochrome c can also be endowed with a non-native catalytic activity and be immobilized on an electrode surface for the development of third generation biosensors. Here, an overview is offered of the most significant examples of such a functional transformation, carried out by either point mutation(s) or controlled unfolding. The latter can be induced chemically or upon protein immobilization on hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers. We critically discuss the potential held by these systems as core constituents of amperometric biosensors, along with the issues that need to be addressed to optimize their applicability and response.
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Lancellotti L, Borsari M, Bellei M, Bonifacio A, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Ranieri A, Sola M, Battistuzzi G. Urea-induced denaturation of immobilized yeast iso-1 cytochrome c: Role of Met80 and Tyr67 in the thermodynamics of unfolding and promotion of pseudoperoxidase and nitrite reductase activities. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Adsorbing surface strongly influences the pseudoperoxidase and nitrite reductase activity of electrode-bound yeast cytochrome c. The effect of hydrophobic immobilization. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107628. [PMID: 32795942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Met80Ala and Met80Ala/Tyr67Ala variants of S. cerevisiae iso-1 cytochrome c (ycc) and their adducts with cardiolipin immobilized onto a gold electrode coated with a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of decane-1-thiol were studied through cyclic voltammetry and surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS). The electroactive species - containing a six-coordinate His/His axially ligated heme and a five-coordinate His/- heme stable in the oxidized and reduced state, respectively - and the pseudoperoxidase activity match those found previously for the wt species and are only slightly affected by CL binding. Most importantly, the reduced His/- ligated form of these variants is able to catalytically reduce the nitrite ion, while electrode-immobilized wt ycc and other His/Met heme ligated variants under a variety of conditions are not. Besides the pseudoperoxidase and nitrite reductase functions, which are the most physiologically relevant abilities of these constructs, also axial heme ligation and the equilibria between conformers are strongly affected by the nature - hydrophobic vs. electrostatic - of the non-covalent interactions determining protein immobilization. Also affected are the catalytic activity changes induced by a given mutation as well as those due to partial unfolding due to CL binding. It follows that under the same solution conditions the structural and functional properties of immobilized ycc are surface-specific and therefore cannot be transferred from an immobilized system to another involving different interfacial protein-SAM interactions.
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Paradisi A, Lancellotti L, Borsari M, Bellei M, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Ranieri A, Sola M, Battistuzzi G. Met80 and Tyr67 affect the chemical unfolding of yeast cytochrome c: comparing the solution vs.immobilized state. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The motional regime affects the unfolding propensity and axial heme coordination of the Met80Ala and Met80Ala/Tyr67Ala variants of yeast iso-1 cytochromec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Lancellotti
- Department of Chemistry and Geology
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemistry and Geology
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Marzia Bellei
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | | | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
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Wang X, Clément R, Roger M, Bauzan M, Mazurenko I, Poulpiquet AD, Ilbert M, Lojou E. Bacterial Respiratory Chain Diversity Reveals a Cytochrome c Oxidase Reducing O 2 at Low Overpotentials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11093-11102. [PMID: 31274287 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidases (CcOs) are the terminal enzymes in energy-converting chains of microorganisms, where they reduce oxygen into water. Their affinity for O2 makes them attractive biocatalysts for technological devices in which O2 concentration is limited, but the high overpotentials they display on electrodes severely limit their applicative use. Here, the CcO of the acidophilic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is studied on various carbon materials by direct protein electrochemistry and mediated one with redox mediators either diffusing or co-immobilized at the electrode surface. The entrapment of the CcO in a network of hydrophobic carbon nanofibers permits a direct electrochemical communication between the enzyme and the electrode. We demonstrate that the CcO displays a μM affinity for O2 and reduces O2 at exceptionally high electrode potentials in the range of +700 to +540 mV vs NHE over a pH range of 4-6. The kinetics of interactions between the enzyme and its physiological partners are fully quantified. Based on these results, an electron transfer pathway allowing O2 reduction in the acidic metabolic chain is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Wang
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier , CS 70071, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09 , France
| | - Romain Clément
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier , CS 70071, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09 , France
| | - Magali Roger
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Devonshire Building , NE1 7RX , Newcastle upon Tyne , England
| | - Marielle Bauzan
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier , 13009 Marseille , France
| | - Ievgen Mazurenko
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier , CS 70071, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09 , France
| | - Anne de Poulpiquet
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier , CS 70071, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09 , France
| | - Marianne Ilbert
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier , CS 70071, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09 , France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier , CS 70071, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09 , France
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9
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Bellei M, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Borsari M, Lancellotti L, Ranieri A, Sola M, Battistuzzi G. The influence of the Cys46/Cys55 disulfide bond on the redox and spectroscopic properties of human neuroglobin. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 178:70-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Casalini S, Berto M, Kovtun A, Operamolla A, Di Rocco G, Facci P, Liscio A, Farinola GM, Borsari M, Bortolotti CA. Surface Immobilized His-tagged Azurin as a Model Interface for the Investigation of Vectorial Electron Transfer in Biological Systems. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Ranieri A, Millo D, Di Rocco G, Battistuzzi G, Bortolotti CA, Borsari M, Sola M. Immobilized cytochrome c bound to cardiolipin exhibits peculiar oxidation state-dependent axial heme ligation and catalytically reduces dioxygen. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:531-40. [PMID: 25627142 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c (cytc) plays an important role in programmed cell death upon binding to cardiolipin (CL), a negatively charged phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Although this binding has been thoroughly investigated in solution, little is known on the nature and reactivity of the adduct (cytc-CL) immobilized at IMM. In this work, we have studied electrochemically cytc-CL immobilized on a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of decane-1-thiol. This construct would reproduce the motional restriction and the nonpolar environment experienced by cytc-CL at IMM. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) studies allowed the axial heme iron ligands to be identified, which were found to be oxidation state dependent and differ from those of cytc-CL in solution. In particular, immobilized cytc-CL experiences an equilibrium between a low-spin (LS) 6c His/His and a high-spin (HS) 5c His/- coordination states. The former prevails in the oxidized and the latter in the reduced form. Axial coordination of the ferric heme thus differs from the (LS) 6c His/Lys and (LS) 6c His/OH(-) states observed in solution. Moreover, a relevant finding is that the immobilized ferrous cytc-CL is able to catalytically reduce dioxygen, likely to superoxide ion. These findings indicate that restriction of motional freedom due to interaction with the membrane is an additional factor playing in the mechanism of cytc unfolding and cytc-mediated peroxidation functional to the apoptosis cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125, Modena, Italy
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12
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De March M, Di Rocco G, Hickey N, Geremia S. High-resolution crystal structure of the recombinant diheme cytochrome c fromShewanella baltica(OS155). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:395-403. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.880657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Efimov I, Parkin G, Millett ES, Glenday J, Chan CK, Weedon H, Randhawa H, Basran J, Raven EL. A simple method for the determination of reduction potentials in heme proteins. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:701-4. [PMID: 24440354 PMCID: PMC3999514 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for determination of heme protein reduction potentials is described. We use the method to determine reduction potentials for human NPAS2 and human CLOCK. The method can be easily applied to other heme proteins.
We describe a simple method for the determination of heme protein reduction potentials. We use the method to determine the reduction potentials for the PAS-A domains of the regulatory heme proteins human NPAS2 (Em = −115 mV ± 2 mV, pH 7.0) and human CLOCK (Em = −111 mV ± 2 mV, pH 7.0). We suggest that the method can be easily and routinely applied to the determination of reduction potentials across the family of heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Efimov
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth S Millett
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Glenday
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Cheuk K Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Weedon
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Department of Biochemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Raven
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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14
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Reconstitution of supramolecular organization involved in energy metabolism at electrochemical interfaces for biosensing and bioenergy production. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1011-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Nazmutdinov RR, Bronshtein MD, Zinkicheva TT, Chi Q, Zhang J, Ulstrup J. Modeling and computations of the intramolecular electron transfer process in the two-heme protein cytochrome c(4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5953-65. [PMID: 22430606 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24084j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The di-heme protein Pseudomonas stutzeri cytochrome c(4) (cyt c(4)) has emerged as a useful model for studying long-range protein electron transfer (ET). Recent experimental observations have shown a dramatically different pattern of intramolecular ET between the two heme groups in different local environments. Intramolecular ET in homogeneous solution is too slow (>10 s) to be detected but fast (ms-μs) intramolecular ET in an electrochemical environment has recently been achieved by controlling the molecular orientation of the protein assembled on a gold electrode surface. In this work we have performed computational modeling of the intramolecular ET process by a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and quantum mechanical charge transfer theory to disclose reasons for this difference. We first address the electronic structures of the model heme core with histidine and methionine axial ligands in both low- and high-spin states by structure-optimized DFT. The computations enable estimating the intramolecular reorganization energy of the ET process for different combinations of low- and high-spin heme couples. Environmental reorganization free energies, work terms ("gating") and driving force were determined using dielectric continuum models. We then calculated the electronic transmission coefficient of the intramolecular ET rate using perturbation theory combined with the electronic wave functions determined by the DFT calculations for different heme group orientations and Fe-Fe separations. The reactivity of low- and high-spin heme groups was notably different. The ET rate is exceedingly low for the crystallographic equilibrium orientation but increases by several orders of magnitude for thermally accessible non-equilibrium configurations. Deprotonation of the propionate carboxyl group was also found to enhance the ET rate significantly. The results are discussed in relation to the observed surface immobilization effect and support the notion of conformationally gated ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat R Nazmutdinov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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Cloning, expression, and physicochemical characterization of a new diheme cytochrome c from Shewanella baltica OS155. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 16:461-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Chi Q, Zhang J, Arslan T, Borg L, Pedersen GW, Christensen HEM, Nazmudtinov RR, Ulstrup J. Approach to Interfacial and Intramolecular Electron Transfer of the Diheme Protein Cytochrome c4 Assembled on Au(111) Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5617-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1007208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Taner Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Lotte Borg
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Gert W. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Hans E. M. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Renat R. Nazmudtinov
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, and Kazan State Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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