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Johnson LE, Benight SJ, Barnes R, Robinson BH. Dielectric and Phase Behavior of Dipolar Spheroids. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5240-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Benight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robin Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bruce H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Johnson LE, Dalton LR, Robinson BH. Optimizing calculations of electronic excitations and relative hyperpolarizabilities of electrooptic chromophores. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3258-65. [PMID: 24967617 DOI: 10.1021/ar5000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Organic glasses containing chromophores with large first hyperpolarizabilities (β) are promising for compact, high-bandwidth, and energy-efficient electro-optic devices. Systematic optimization of device performance requires development of materials with high acentric order and enhanced hyperpolarizability at operating wavelengths. One essential component of the design process is the accurate calculation of optical transition frequencies and hyperpolarizability. These properties can be computed with a wide range of electronic structure methods implemented within commercial and open-source software packages. A wide variety of methods, especially hybrid density-functional theory (DFT) variants have been used for this purpose. However, in order to provide predictions useful to chromophore designers, a method must be able to consistently predict the relative ordering of standard and novel materials. Moreover, it is important to distinguish between the resonant and nonresonant contribution to the hyperpolarizabiliy and be able to estimate the trade-off between improved β and unwanted absorbance (optical loss) at the target device's operating wavelength. Therefore, we have surveyed a large variety of common methods for computing the properties of modern high-performance chromophores and compared these results with prior experimental hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) and absorbance data. We focused on hybrid DFT methods, supplemented by more computationally intensive Møller-Plesset (MP2) calculations, to determine the relative accuracy of these methods. Our work compares computed hyperpolarizabilities in chloroform relative to standard chromophore EZ-FTC against HRS data versus the same reference. We categorized DFT methods used by the amount of Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange energy incorporated into each functional. Our results suggest that the relationship between percentage of long-range HF exchange and both βHRS and λmax is nearly linear, decreasing as the fraction of long-range HF exchange increases. Mild hybrid DFT methods are satisfactory for prediction of λmax. However, mild hybrid methods provided qualitatively incorrect predictions of the relative hyperpolarizabilities of three high-performance chromophores. DFT methods with approximately 50% HF exchange, and especially the Truhlar M062X functional, provide superior predictions of relative βHRS values but poorer predictions of λmax. The observed trends for these functionals, as well as range-separated hybrids, are similar to MP2, though predicting smaller absolute magnitudes for βHRS. Frequency dependence for βHRS can be calculated using time-dependent DFT and HF methods. However, calculation quality is sensitive not only to a method's ability to predict static hyperpolarizability but also to its prediction of optical resonances. Due to the apparent trade-off in accuracy of prediction of these two properties and the need to use static finite-field methods for MP2 and higher-level hyperpolarizability calculations in most codes, we suggest that composite methods could greatly improve the accuracy of calculations of β and λmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Larry R. Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bruce H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Olbricht BC, Sullivan PA, Dennis PC, Hurst JT, Johnson LE, Benight SJ, Davies JA, Chen A, Eichinger BE, Reid PJ, Dalton LR, Robinson BH. Measuring Order in Contact-Poled Organic Electrooptic Materials with Variable-Angle Polarization-Referenced Absorption Spectroscopy (VAPRAS). J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:231-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107995t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Olbricht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Philip A. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Peter C. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Jeffrey T. Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Lewis E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Stephanie J. Benight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Joshua A. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Antao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Bruce E. Eichinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Larry R. Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Bruce H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, and Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Box 355640, Seattle, Washington 98105
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Benight SJ, Johnson LE, Barnes R, Olbricht BC, Bale DH, Reid PJ, Eichinger BE, Dalton LR, Sullivan PA, Robinson BH. Reduced Dimensionality in Organic Electro-Optic Materials: Theory and Defined Order. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11949-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1022423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Robin Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | - Denise H. Bale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bruce E. Eichinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Larry R. Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip A. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bruce H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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