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Jerosimić S, Milovanović M, Mitić M, Wester R, Gianturco FA. Investigating Possible Dipole-Bound States of Cyanopolyynes: the Case for the C 5 N - Anion Detected in Interstellar Space. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300248. [PMID: 37585236 PMCID: PMC10962575 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We present results of quantum structure calculations aimed at demonstrating the possible existence of dipole-bound states (DBS) for the anionC 5 N - ${{\rm{C}}_5 {\rm{N}}^ - }$ , a species already detected in the Interstellar medium (ISM). The positive demonstration of DBS existence using ab initio studies is an important step toward elucidating possible pathways for the formation of the more tightly bound valence bound states (VBS) in environments where free electrons from starlight ionization processes are known to be available to interact with the radical partner of the title molecule. Our current calculations show that such excited DBS states can exist inC 5 N - ${{\rm{C}}_5 {\rm{N}}^ - }$ , in agreement with what we had previously found for the smallercyanopolyyne in the series: theC 3 N - ${{\rm{C}}_3 {\rm{N}}^ - }$ anion. This system has a very weakly bound anion with binding energies of about 3 and 9 cm-1 for the1 Σ + ${^1 \Sigma ^ + }$ and3 Σ + ${^3 \Sigma ^ + }$ DBS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanka Jerosimić
- University of Belgrade -Faculty of Physical ChemistryStu-dentski trg 12–1611158BelgradeSerbia
| | - Milan Milovanović
- University of Belgrade -Faculty of Physical ChemistryStu-dentski trg 12–1611158BelgradeSerbia
| | - Marko Mitić
- University of Belgrade -Faculty of Physical ChemistryStu-dentski trg 12–1611158BelgradeSerbia
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversitaet InnsbruckTechnikerstr. 25A-6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Francesco A. Gianturco
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversitaet InnsbruckTechnikerstr. 25A-6020InnsbruckAustria
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Dahlmann F, Dinu DF, Jusko P, Lochmann C, Gstir T, Marimuthu AN, Liedl KR, Brünken S, Wester R. Vibrational Predissociation Spectra of C 2 N - and C 3 N - : Bending and Stretching Vibrations. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300262. [PMID: 37199236 PMCID: PMC10962567 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present infrared predissociation spectra of C2 N- (H2 ) and C 3 N- (H2 ) in the 300-1850 cm-1 range. Measurements were performed using the FELion cryogenic ion trap end user station at the Free Electron Lasers for Infrared eXperiments (FELIX) laboratory. For C2 N- (H2 ), we detected the CCN bending and CC-N stretching vibrations. For the C3 N- (H2 ) system, we detected the CCN bending, the CC-CN stretching, and multiple overtones and/or combination bands. The assignment and interpretation of the presented experimental spectra is validated by calculations of anharmonic spectra within the vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) approach, based on potential energy surfaces calculated at explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12). The H2 tag acts as an innocent spectator, not significantly affecting the C2,3 N- bending and stretching mode positions. The recorded infrared predissociation spectra can thus be used as a proxy for the vibrational spectra of the bare anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dahlmann
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Dennis F. Dinu
- Department of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversität InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Pavol Jusko
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial PhysicsGießenbachstraße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Christine Lochmann
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Gstir
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Aravindh N. Marimuthu
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryToernooiveld 76525EDNijmegen, theNetherlands
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Department of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversität InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Sandra Brünken
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryToernooiveld 76525EDNijmegen, theNetherlands
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
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Simpson M, Nötzold M, Michaelsen T, Wild R, Gianturco FA, Wester R. Influence of a Supercritical Electric Dipole Moment on the Photodetachment of C_{3}N^{-}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:043001. [PMID: 34355920 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Threshold photodetachment spectroscopy of the molecular ion C_{3}N^{-} has been performed at both 16(1) and 295(2) K in a 22-pole ion trap. The 295(2) K spectrum shows a large increase in the cross section with an onset about 200 cm^{-1} below threshold, which is explained by significant vibrational excitation of the trapped ions at room temperature. This excitation disappears at cryogenic temperatures leading to an almost steplike onset of the cross section at threshold, which cannot be adequately described with a Wigner threshold law. Instead, we show that the model developed by O'Malley for photodetachment from neutrals with large permanent dipoles [Phys. Rev. 137, A1668 (1965)PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.137.A1668] fits very well to the data. A high-resolution scan of the threshold region yields additional features, which we assign to the rotational P and R branches of an electronic transition to a dipole-bound state with ^{1}Σ^{+} symmetry. This state is found 2(1) cm^{-1} below threshold in very good agreement with a recent computational prediction. We furthermore refine the value of the electron affinity of C_{3}N to be 34 727(1) cm^{-1}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Simpson
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Nötzold
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tim Michaelsen
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Wild
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franco A Gianturco
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Lara-Moreno M, Stoecklin T, Halvick P. Potential energy surface and rovibrational bound states of the H 2-C 3N - van der Waals complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2929-2937. [PMID: 30675889 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since their recent detection in the interstellar medium, anions have raised the question of their possible mechanisms of formation, destruction and excitation. This requires knowledge of their interaction with the most abundant interstellar species. In the present work, a four dimensional rigid rotor model of the potential energy surface is developed for the collision of C3N- with H2. Ab initio calculations are performed with explicitly-correlated coupled-cluster theory via CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ. Two linear equilibrium structures are found, different in the orientation of C3N-. Two more equilibrium structures, symmetrically equivalent, are obtained by the permutation of H atoms. The vibrational dynamics is mainly controlled by the considerable difference between the two bending frequencies that correspond to the hindered rotations of C3N- and H2. This arises from the potential energy surface which is soft for rotation of C3N- and stiff for rotation of H2, and also from the large difference in mass between both monomers. Although a high potential barrier prevents the rotation of H2, a significant tunneling effect is observed which causes a splitting in the degenerate energy levels. On the contrary, the rotation of C3N- is allowed since the energy of the saddle points is lower than the energy of the bound states, but the wavefunctions remain localized around each linear structure unless a large excitation energy is available.
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Jerosimić SV, Milovanović MZ, Wester R, Gianturco FA. Dipole-bound states contribution to the formation of anionic carbonitriles in the ISM: Calculations using multireference methods for C3N−. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lindén CF, Žabka J, Polášek M, Zymak I, Geppert WD. The reaction of C 5N - with acetylene as a possible intermediate step to produce large anions in Titan's ionosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5377-5388. [PMID: 29044258 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical and experimental investigation of the reaction C5N- + C2H2 has been carried out. This reaction is of astrophysical interest since the growth mechanism of large anions that have been detected in Titan's upper atmosphere by the Cassini plasma spectrometer are still largely unknown. The experimental studies have been performed using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer which allows identification of the different reaction channels and assessment of their reaction thresholds. Results of these investigations were compared with the predictions of ab initio calculations, which identified possible pathways leading to the observed products and their thermodynamical properties. These computations yielded that the majority of these products are only accessible via energy barriers situated more than 1 eV above the reactant energies. In many cases, the thresholds predicted by the ab initio calculations are in good agreement with the experimentally observed ones. For example, the chain elongation reaction leading to C7N-, although being slightly exoergic, possesses an energy barrier of 1.91 eV. Therefore, the title reaction can be regarded to be somewhat unlikely to be responsible for the formation of large anions in cold environments such as interstellar medium or planetary ionospheres.
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Czekner J, Cheung LF, Johnson EL, Fortenberry RC, Wang LS. A high-resolution photoelectron imaging and theoretical study of CP−and C2P−. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Eric L. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Skomorowski W, Gulania S, Krylov AI. Bound and continuum-embedded states of cyanopolyyne anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4805-4817. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster calculations reveal systematic trends across bound and continuum-embedded excited states in cyanopolyyne anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Gulania
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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Stanca-Kaposta EC, Schwaneberg F, Fagiani MR, Lalanne M, Wöste L, Asmis KR. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of C 4 N - , C 6 N - and C 8 N . Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3783-3789. [PMID: 27378244 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy of cold C2n N- (n=2-4) anions is investigated in the CC and CN multiple bond stretching region (1700-2250 cm-1 ) by means of infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a cryogenically cooled ion trap of the corresponding messenger-tagged complexes. The IRPD spectra are assigned to N-terminated linear structures with triplet ground states (3 Σ- ) based on a comparison with harmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities from density functional theory computations. In contrast to the polyacetylenic C2n+1 N- anions, the linear C-C chains investigated here exhibit cumulenic character, which is most pronounced in C4 N- and decreases with chain length. Additional intense transitions are observed for C6 N- above 3000 cm-1 and are attributed to overtone and combination bands involving the CC stretching modes, based on anharmonic computations. The influence of a D2 tag on the vibrational features of C2n N- anions is shown to be small.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cristina Stanca-Kaposta
- Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Schwaneberg
- Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matias R Fagiani
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthieu Lalanne
- Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Wöste
- Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Khamesian M, Douguet N, Fonseca Dos Santos S, Dulieu O, Raoult M, Brigg WJ, Kokoouline V. Formation of CN^{-}, C_{3}N^{-}, and C_{5}N^{-} Molecules by Radiative Electron Attachment and their Destruction by Photodetachment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:123001. [PMID: 27689267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of negative ions in interstellar clouds has been associated for several decades with the process of radiative electron attachment. In this Letter, we report compelling evidence supporting the fact that the radiative attachment of a low-energy electron is inefficient to form the carbon chain anions CN^{-}, C_{3}N^{-}, and C_{5}N^{-} detected in interstellar clouds. The validity of the approach is confirmed by good agreement with experimental data obtained for the inverse photodetachment process, which represents the major cause of anion destruction in interstellar space. As a consequence, we suggest alternative models that could explain the formation of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Khamesian
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Nicolas Douguet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311, USA
| | | | - Olivier Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Maurice Raoult
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Will J Brigg
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Georgia Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
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13
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Fortenberry RC, Morgan WJ, Enyard JD. Predictable Valence Excited States of Anions. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10763-9. [PMID: 25333194 DOI: 10.1021/jp509512u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - W. James Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - Jordan D. Enyard
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
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14
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Carelli F, Gianturco FA, Wester R, Satta M. Formation of cyanopolyyne anions in the interstellar medium: The possible role of permanent dipoles. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4891300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Ayouz M, Mikhailov I, Babikov D, Raoult M, Galtier S, Dulieu O, Kokoouline V. Potential energy and dipole moment surfaces of HCO- for the search of H- in the interstellar medium. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:224310. [PMID: 22713050 DOI: 10.1063/1.4724096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential energy and permanent dipole moment surfaces of the electronic ground state of formyl negative ion HCO(-) are determined for a large number of geometries using the coupled-cluster theory with single and double and perturbative treatment of triple excitations ab initio method with a large basis set. The obtained data are used to construct interpolated surfaces, which are extended analytically to the region of large separations between CO and H(-) with the multipole expansion approach. We have calculated the energy of the lowest rovibrational levels of HCO(-) that should guide the spectroscopic characterization of HCO(-) in laboratory experiments. The study can also help to detect HCO(-) in the cold and dense regions of the interstellar medium where the anion could be formed through the association of abundant CO with still unobserved H(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ayouz
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
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Fortenberry RC, Crawford TD. Theoretical prediction of new dipole-bound singlet states for anions of interstellar interest. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:154304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3576053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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