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Halder N, Jana M, Kottekad S, Usharani D, Rath H. Metalloceneincorporated Hybrid Singly N-Methyl N-Confused Calixphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, Protonation and Deprotonation Studies. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200108. [PMID: 35312224 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rational design and isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformer of ferrocene incorporated meso-aryl substituted singly N-methyl N-confused-calixphyrins have been achieved in quantitative yields. The solid-state crystal structure reveals the obvious trans-geometry for the meso-protons with the possibility for both the macrocycles to exist either racemic or enantiomer forms. However, thorough solution-state spectroscopic characterization strongly concludes the experimental isolation of a single isomer for both the macrocycles. The drastic modification of UV-vis spectral patterns upon imine pyrrole N protonation and amine pyrrole NH deprotonation of both the calixphyrins could pave way for these macrocycles to act as opto-electronic materials. The conformational preorganization and protonation and deprotonation induced conformational reorganization have been extensively studied by solution state spectroscopic techniques, solid state X-ray crystal structure and in depth DFT level theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Manik Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sanjay Kottekad
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory Institution, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 700020, Karnataka, India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory Institution, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 700020, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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2
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Sample HC, Senge MO. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr) and Related Reactions of Porphyrinoids: Mechanistic and Regiochemical Aspects. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:7-42. [PMID: 33519299 PMCID: PMC7821298 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution of aromatic moieties (SNAr) has been known for over 150 years and found wide use for the functionalization of (hetero)aromatic systems. Currently, several "types" of SNAr reactions have been established and notably the area of porphyrinoid macrocycles has seen many uses thereof. Herein, we detail the SNAr reactions of seven types of porphyrinoids with differing number and type of pyrrole units: subporphyrins, norcorroles, corroles, porphyrins, azuliporphyrins, N-confused porphyrins, and phthalocyanines. For each we analyze the substitution dependent upon: a) the type of nucleophile and b) the site of substitution (α, β, or meso). Along with this we evaluate this route as a synthetic strategy for the generation of unsymmetrical porphyrinoids. Distinct trends can be identified for each type of porphyrinoid discussed, regardless of nucleophile. The use of nucleophilic substitution on porphyrinoids is found to often be a cost-effective procedure with the ability to yield complex substituent patterns, which can be conducted in non-anhydrous solvents with easily accessible simple porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152‐160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM‐IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
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3
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Nagpal R, Arora S, Ponnan P, Kharu‐Nisa, Dandia A, Singh Chauhan SM. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Porphodimethene Conjugates: Conformational Features and Acid‐Anion Binding Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Nagpal
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
- Department of ChemistrySRM University, Delhi-NCR Haryana- 131029 India
| | - Smriti Arora
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
| | - Prija Ponnan
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
| | - Kharu‐Nisa
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
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4
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Kielmann M, Senge MO. Molecular Engineering of Free-Base Porphyrins as Ligands-The N-H⋅⋅⋅X Binding Motif in Tetrapyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:418-441. [PMID: 30067890 PMCID: PMC6391963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The core N-H units of planar porphyrins are often inaccessible to forming hydrogen-bonding complexes with acceptor molecules. This is due to the fact that the amine moieties are "shielded" by the macrocyclic system, impeding the formation of intermolecular H-bonds. However, methods exist to modulate the tetrapyrrole conformations and to reshape the vector of N-H orientation outwards, thus increasing their availability and reactivity. Strategies include the use of porpho(di)methenes and phlorins (calixphyrins), as well as saddle-distorted porphyrins. The former form cavities due to interruption of the aromatic system. The latter are highly basic systems and capable of binding anions and neutral molecules via N-H⋅⋅⋅X-type H-bonds. This Review discusses the role of porphyrin(oid) ligands in various coordination-type complexes, means to access the core for hydrogen bonding, the concept of conformational control, and emerging applications, such as organocatalysis and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kielmann
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
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Halder N, Sangeetha M, Usharani D, Rath H. meso-Aryl substituted stable unorthodox 5,10-porphodimethenes with α,β and β,β-N-methyl pyrrole connectivities: synthesis and spectroscopic, solid state and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6131-6135. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Aryl substituted highly stable single conformers of doubly mutant porphodimethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR)
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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Kielmann M, Senge MO. Molekulares Engineering freier Porphyrinbasen als Liganden - das N-H⋅⋅⋅X-Bindungsmotiv in Tetrapyrrolen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kielmann
- School of Chemistry; SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Irland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry; SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Irland
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Yin YB. DFT study on deprotonation and protonation of porphyrins: How many protons can the porphyrin core take up? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Ahmad S, Yadav KK, Bhattacharya S, Chauhan P, Chauhan SMS. Synthesis of 21,23-selenium- and tellurium-substituted 5-porphomethenes, 5,10-porphodimethenes, 5,15-porphodimethenes, and porphotrimethenes and their interactions with mercury. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3880-90. [PMID: 25803565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 3+1 condensation of symmetrical 16-Selena/telluratripyrranes with symmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols in the presence of BF3-etheratre or BF3-methanol followed by oxidation with DDQ gave 5,10-porphodimethenes, whereas the process with unsymmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols gave 5-porphomethenes. In addition, the reaction of unsymmetrical 16-Selena/telluratripyrranes with symmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols gave the corresponding porphotrimethenes, whereas the process with unsymmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols gave the 5,15-porphodimethenes. The structures of different products were characterized by IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, CHN analysis, and mass spectrometry. The binding of mercury with the calix[4]phyrins mentioned above had been observed in the decreasing order of porphodimethenes > porphomethenes > porphotrimethenes by UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmad
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kumar Karitkey Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Soumee Bhattacharya
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - S M S Chauhan
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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9
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Holaday MGD, Tarafdar G, Adinarayana B, Reddy MLP, Srinivasan A. Chemodosimetric cyanide sensing in a 5,15-porphodimethene Pd(ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10834-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04775c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The calixphyrin derivative, 5,15-porphodimethene Pd(ii) complex, has been demonstrated as a chemodosimetric cyanide sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Derry Holaday
- Photosciences and Photonics section
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST-CSIR)
- Trivandrum-695019, India
| | - Gourav Tarafdar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-751005, India
| | - B. Adinarayana
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-751005, India
| | - M. L. P. Reddy
- Inorganic Chemistry and Material section
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST-CSIR)
- Trivandrum-695019, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-751005, India
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10
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Derry Holaday MG, Tarafdar G, Kumar A, Reddy MLP, Srinivasan A. Exploring anagostic interactions in 5,15-porphodimethene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:7699-703. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using 5,15-porphodimethene metal complexes, the weak noncovalent anagostic interaction is explored using variable temperature NMR studies and is further confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Derry Holaday
- Photosciences and Photonics Section
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Gourav Tarafdar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhubaneswar 751 005, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhubaneswar 751 005, India
| | - M. L. P. Reddy
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Bhubaneswar 751 005, India
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11
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Karthik G, Krushna PV, Srinivasan A, Chandrashekar TK. Calix[2]thia[4]phyrin: An Expanded Calixphyrin with Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission and Anion Receptor Properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8496-501. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Karthik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), IOP campus, Sainik School − PO, Bhubaneshwar 751005, Odisha, India
| | - Pallavee Vitti Krushna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), IOP campus, Sainik School − PO, Bhubaneshwar 751005, Odisha, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), IOP campus, Sainik School − PO, Bhubaneshwar 751005, Odisha, India
| | - Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), IOP campus, Sainik School − PO, Bhubaneshwar 751005, Odisha, India
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12
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Beyzavi MH, Lentz D, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Synthesis of New Functionalized Calix[n]phyrin Macrocycles with Varied Ring Sizes by Using a Sterically Congested Dipyrromethane. Chemistry 2013; 19:6203-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Salini PS, Anju KS, Reddy MLP, Srinivasan A. Syntheses of normal, expanded, strapped and N-confused calixbenzophyrins from a single starting material. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5769-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Beyzavi MH, Lentz D, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Functionalized, Sterically Congested Calix[4]phyrin Macrocycles Using Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Cyclopropanes - First Example of a Mono-meso-spirolactone Incorporated into a Calix[4]phyrin. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Feng Z, Kai X, Jiang J, Hu C. Synthesis and Characterization of 5,10- and 5,15-Disubstituted Porphodimethenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Senge MO, Ryppa C, Fazekas M, Zawadzka M, Dahms K. 5,10-A2B2-Type meso-Substituted Porphyrins-A Unique Class of Porphyrins with a Realigned Dipole Moment. Chemistry 2011; 17:13562-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Senge MO. Stirring the porphyrin alphabet soup—functionalization reactions for porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1943-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Nardis S, Pomarico G, Mandoj F, Fronczek FR, Smith KM, Paolesse R. One-pot synthesis of meso-alkyl substituted isocorroles: the reaction of a triarylcorrole with Grignard reagent. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2010; 14:752-757. [PMID: 21165169 PMCID: PMC3002075 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 5,10,15-tritolylcorrole with EtMgBr opens the way for novel functionalizations of the corrole ring. DDQ oxidation of the macrocycle, followed by addition of the Grignard reagent, led to the formation of 5- and 10-alkyl substituted isocorroles in satisfying yields. Together with the one-pot formation of these isocorrole isomers, the use of such a nucleophile evidenced the competitive reactivity of the macrocycle β-positions, leading to the formation of 2-bromo- and 3-bromo-5,10,15-tritolylcorrole. While the formation of these monobromocorrole derivatives is not unprecedented, this is the first time the isomers have been separated and fully characterized. Furthermore, the higher yields of the 2-substituted species highlight a useful regioselectivity for the substitution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nardis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pomarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Mandoj
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
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