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Bochynek M, Lewińska A, Witwicki M, Dębczak A, Łukaszewicz M. Formation and structural features of micelles formed by surfactin homologues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1211319. [PMID: 37485321 PMCID: PMC10360134 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1211319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin, a group of cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis, possesses surfactant properties and is a promising natural and biologically active compound. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of surfactin, including its production, chromatographic separation into pure homologues (C12, C13, C14, C15), and investigation of their physicochemical properties. We determined adsorption isotherms and interpreted them using the Gibbs adsorption equation, revealing that the C15 homologue exhibited the strongest surface tension reduction (27.5 mN/m), while surface activity decreased with decreasing carbon chain length (32.2 mN/m for C12). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) were also determined, showing a decrease in CMC values from 0.35 mM for C12 to 0.08 mM for C15. We employed dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to estimate the size of micellar aggregates, which increased with longer carbon chains, ranging from 4.7 nm for C12 to 5.7 nm for C15. Furthermore, aggregation numbers were determined, revealing the number of molecules in a micelle. Contact angles and emulsification indexes (E24) were measured to assess the functional properties of the homologues, showing that wettability increased with chain length up to C14, which is intriguing as C14 is the most abundant homologue. Our findings highlight the relationship between the structure and properties of surfactin, providing valuable insights for understanding its biological significance and potential applications in various industries. Moreover, the methodology developed in this study can be readily applied to other cyclic lipopeptides, facilitating a better understanding of their structure-properties relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bochynek
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- InventionBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- OnlyBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- InventionBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Effects of head-group volume on the thermodynamic parameters and species distribution of ionic liquid-based surfactants in water: 1-(n-hexadecyl)-3-alkylimidazolium bromides and chlorides. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Investigation of counterion effects of transition metal cations (Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+) on cetrimonium bromide using cyclic voltammetry. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lingwood MD, Schepergerdes BJ, Hermosillo DT, Delgado JN, Sanders KP. Probe Molecules for Pulsed‐Field‐Gradient Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments on Micelles. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Lingwood
- Department of ChemistrySaint Mary's College of California, 1928 St. Mary's Road Moraga CA 94575 USA
| | | | - Deja‐Monae T. Hermosillo
- Department of ChemistrySaint Mary's College of California, 1928 St. Mary's Road Moraga CA 94575 USA
| | - Jalissa N. Delgado
- Department of ChemistrySaint Mary's College of California, 1928 St. Mary's Road Moraga CA 94575 USA
| | - Kaya P. Sanders
- Department of ChemistrySaint Mary's College of California, 1928 St. Mary's Road Moraga CA 94575 USA
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The aggregation and micellization of ionic surfactants in aqueous solution detected using surface-confined redox and ion-pairing reactions. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Co-solvent Effect on Spontaneous Formation of Large Nanoscale Structures in Catanionic Mixtures in the Anionic-Rich Region. J SOLUTION CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-019-00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aggregation behavior was investigated in mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (anionic-rich catanionic) solutions. The study was conducted in solutions of water–ethylene glycol (EG) by means of surface tension, conductometry, cyclic voltammetry, zeta potential measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The degree of counterion dissociation (α), critical micelle concentration, aggregation numbers, interfacial properties, interparticle interaction parameters, and morphology of aggregates were determined. Based on regular solution theory, the cosolvent effects between SDS and CTAB as surfactants were also analyzed for both mixed monolayers at mixed micelles (βM) and the air/liquid interface (βσ). It was shown that the formation of large aggregates occurred in the presence of an excess of anionic surfactant. A phase transition from cylindrical micelles to spherical micelles in the anionic-rich regime was observed with an increase in the EG volume fraction. The inter particle interactions were assessed in terms of cosolvent effects on the micellar surface charge density and the cylindrical-to-spherical morphology change. Zeta potential and size of the aggregates were determined using dynamic light scattering and confirmed the models suggested for the processes taking place in each system.
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Electrochemical Analysis of Aqueous Benzalkonium Chloride Micellar Solution and Its Mediated Electrocatalytic De-Chlorination Application. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of biologically important benzalkonium chlorides (BKCs) and the effects of its structure on the de-chlorination of allyl chloride was studied by electrogenerated [Co(I)(bipyridine)3]+ (Co(I)) using an electrochemical technique. The results of [Co(II)(bipyridine)3]2+ (Co(II)) cyclic voltammetry in the presence of BKC demonstrates Co(II)/Co(III) redox couple for physicochemical analysis of BKC and Co(II)/Co(I) redox couple for catalytic application. Cyclic voltammetry over a range of scan rates and BKC concentrations revealed the BKC-bound Co(II)/Co(III) micelles showed that the identification of cmc and association of the probe Co(II) species, associated more in the hydrophobic region. In addition, change in diffusion coefficient value of Co(II)/Co(III) with BKC concentration demonstrates the association of Co(II) in micellar hydrophobic region. The beneficial effects of BKC could be accounted for by considering the benzyl headgroup-Co (II) precatalyst-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (allyl chloride here) substrate interaction. Chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) revealed 100% complete de-chlorination of allyl chloride accompanied by three non-chloro products. This is the first report of benzyl headgroup-induced micellar enhancement by an electrochemical method, showing that it is possible to use hydrophobic benzyl headgroup-substitution to tune the properties of micelles for various applications.
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Pillai KC, Muthuraman G, Moon IS. Surfactant structural effects on mediated electrocatalytic dechlorination: Links between the micellar enhancement of dechlorination reactions and micellar properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:871-881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aghdastinat H, Javadian S, Tehrani-Bagha A, Gharibi H. Spontaneous Formation of Nanocubic Particles and Spherical Vesicles in Catanionic Mixtures of Ester-Containing Gemini Surfactants and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in the Presence of Electrolyte. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3063-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4123908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Aghdastinat
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Javadian
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hussein Gharibi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
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Lewińska A, Witwicki M, Bazylińska U, Jezierski A, Wilk KA. Aggregation behavior of dicephalic di-N-oxide surfactants in aqueous solution: Experimental and computational approaches. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lewińska A, Witwicki M, Frąckowiak R, Jezierski A, Wilk KA. Experimental and theoretical approach to aggregation behavior of new di-N-oxide surfactants in an aquatic environment. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14324-32. [PMID: 23098238 DOI: 10.1021/jp306282m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A homologous series of new dicephalic type surfactants (N,N-bis3,3'-(dimethylamino)propyl]alkylamide di-N-oxides) were synthesized and their aggregation phenomena were extensively studied. First, the pH-sensitivity of the investigated surfactants was tested in potentiometric titrations. Then, the adsorption isotherms were measured and interpreted using the Gibbs adsorption equation to determine physicochemical properties. The spin probe EPR technique was employed to monitor the micellization behavior of the surfactants, depending on temperature and surfactant concentration. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were determined through an analysis of the calculated spin probe rotational correlation times. A greater insight into the local microenvironment of the formed aggregates was gained by analyzing the properties of the immobilized spin probes. In addition, the CMC values were compared with the ones obtained from tensiometry measurements (taking into account the contributions of the various ionic and nonionic surfactant forms). The approximate size of the micellar aggregates was estimated by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. Good agreement between the experimental hydrodynamic radii and those predicted using density functional theory (DFT) guaranteed that the subsequently calculated aggregation numbers, representing the number of molecules in a micelle, were close to the real values. Moreover, the theoretical QSAR methods were used to determine the shape of the micelles via the prediction of the critical packing parameter (CPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- University of Wrocław, Department of Chemistry, Joliot-Curie14 Str., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Characterization of the Microenvironments of Alkylamidoamine-N-oxide Surfactant Aggregates by the EPR Spin Labeling Method. J SOLUTION CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-012-9859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moallemi M, Sohrabi B, Fazeli S. Electrolyte effect on adsorption and the phase transition from microstructures to nanostructures in ionic/ionic surfactants mixture. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:159-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yousefi A, Javadian S, Gharibi H, Kakemam J, Rashidi-Alavijeh M. Cosolvent Effects on the Spontaneous Formation of Nanorod Vesicles in Catanionic Mixtures in the Rich Cationic Region. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8112-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yousefi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Javadian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hussein Gharibi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Kakemam
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-117, Tehran, Iran
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