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Caselli L, Conti L, De Santis I, Berti D. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering applied to lipid-based nanoparticles: Recent advancements across different length scales. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 327:103156. [PMID: 38643519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), ranging from nanovesicles to non-lamellar assemblies, have gained significant attention in recent years, as versatile carriers for delivering drugs, vaccines, and nutrients. Small-angle scattering methods, employing X-rays (SAXS) or neutrons (SANS), represent unique tools to unveil structure, dynamics, and interactions of such particles on different length scales, spanning from the nano to the molecular scale. This review explores the state-of-the-art on scattering methods applied to unveil the structure of lipid-based nanoparticles and their interactions with drugs and bioactive molecules, to inform their rational design and formulation for medical applications. We will focus on complementary information accessible with X-rays or neutrons, ranging from insights on the structure and colloidal processes at a nanoscale level (SAXS) to details on the lipid organization and molecular interactions of LNPs (SANS). In addition, we will review new opportunities offered by Time-resolved (TR)-SAXS and -SANS for the investigation of dynamic processes involving LNPs. These span from real-time monitoring of LNPs structural evolution in response to endogenous or external stimuli (TR-SANS), to the investigation of the kinetics of lipid diffusion and exchange upon interaction with biomolecules (TR-SANS). Finally, we will spotlight novel combinations of SAXS and SANS with complementary on-line techniques, recently enabled at Large Scale Facilities for X-rays and neutrons. This emerging technology enables synchronized multi-method investigation, offering exciting opportunities for the simultaneous characterization of the structure and chemical or mechanical properties of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Caselli
- Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Laura Conti
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Santis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy; Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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2
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Lőrincz A, Mihály J, Wacha A, Németh C, Besztercei B, Gyulavári P, Varga Z, Peták I, Bóta A. Combination of multifunctional ursolic acid with kinase inhibitors for anti-cancer drug carrier vesicles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112481. [PMID: 34857267 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A sterically stabilized unilamellar nanocarrier vesicle (SSV) system containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, ursolic acid and PEGylated phospholipid has been developed by exploiting the structural advantages of ursolic acid: by spontaneously attaching to the lipid head groups, it induces curvature at the outer side of the bilayers, allowing the preparation of size-limited vesicles without extrusion. Ursolic acid (UA) also interacts with the PEG chains, supporting steric stabilization even when the amount of PEGylated phospholipid is reduced. Using fluorescence immunohistochemistry, vesicles containing ursolic acid (UA-SSVs) were found to accumulate in the tumor in 3 h on xenografted mouse, suggesting the potential use of these vesicles for passive tumor targeting. Further on, mono- and combination therapy with UA and six different kinase inhibitors (crizotinib, erlotinib, foretinib, gefitinib, refametinib, trametinib) was tested on seven cancer cell-lines. In most combinations synergism was observed, in the case of trametinib even at very low concentration (0.001 μM), which targets the MAPK pathway most often activated in human cancers. The coupled intercalation of UA and trametinib (2:1 molar ratio) into vesicles causes further structural advantageous molecular interactions, promoting the formation of small vesicles. The high drug:lipid molar ratio (~0.5) in the novel type of co-delivery vesicles enables their direct medical application, possibly also overcoming the multidrug resistance effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lőrincz
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Mihály
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - A Wacha
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cs Németh
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Besztercei
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Gyulavári
- Semmelweis University, Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Peták
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, 833 S. Wood street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Oncompass Medicine Ltd., Retek street 34, 1024 Budapest, Hungary; Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Nagyvárad square 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Bóta
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Nordström R, Zhu L, Härmark J, Levi-Kalisman Y, Koren E, Barenholz Y, Levinton G, Shamrakov D. Quantitative Cryo-TEM Reveals New Structural Details of Doxil-Like PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010123. [PMID: 33478023 PMCID: PMC7835975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-drugs based on nanoparticles (NP) or on nano-assemblies as carriers of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are often expected to perform better compared to conventional dosage forms. Maximum realization of this potential though requires optimization of multiple physico-chemical, including structural and morphological, parameters. Meaningful distributions of these parameters derived from sufficient populations of individual NPs rather than ensemble distributions are desirable for this task, provided that relevant high-resolution data is available. In this study we demonstrate powerful capabilities of the up-to-date cryogenic transmission electron-microscopy (cryo-TEM) as well as correlations with other techniques abundant in the nano-research milieu. We explored Doxil®-like (an anticancer drug and the first FDA-approved nano-drug) (75–100 nm) PEGylated liposomes encapsulating single doxorubicin-sulfate nano-rod-crystals (PLD). These crystals induce liposome sphere-to-ellipsoid deformation. Doxil® was characterized by a multitude of physicochemical methods. We demonstrate, that accompanied by advanced image-analysis means, cryo-TEM can successfully enable the determination of multiple structural parameters of such complex liposomal nano-drugs with an added value of statistically-sound distributions. The latter could not be achieved by most other physicochemical approaches. It seems that cryo-TEM is capable of quantitative description of individual liposome morphological features, including meaningful distributions of all structural elements, with averages that correlate with other physical methods. Here it is demonstrated that such quantitative cryo-TEM analysis is a powerful tool in determining what is the optimal drug to lipid ratio in PLD, which is found to be the drug to lipid ratio existing in Doxil®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Nordström
- Vironova AB, Gävlegatan 22, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.N.); (L.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- Vironova AB, Gävlegatan 22, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.N.); (L.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Johan Härmark
- Vironova AB, Gävlegatan 22, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.N.); (L.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yael Levi-Kalisman
- Institute for Life Sciences and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Erez Koren
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, IMRIC, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, IMRIC, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.); (Y.B.)
| | - Genia Levinton
- Ayana Pharma Ltd., Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus Biotechnology Park, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
| | - Dima Shamrakov
- Ayana Pharma Ltd., Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus Biotechnology Park, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-55-666-0711
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Role of oligo(malic acid) on the formation of unilamellar vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:782-789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Wei X, Shamrakov D, Nudelman S, Peretz-Damari S, Nativ-Roth E, Regev O, Barenholz Y. Cardinal Role of Intraliposome Doxorubicin-Sulfate Nanorod Crystal in Doxil Properties and Performance. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2508-2517. [PMID: 30023837 PMCID: PMC6044617 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The uniqueness of Doxil can be attributed, to a large extent, to its intraliposomal doxorubicin-sulfate nanorod crystal. We re-examine these nanocrystal features and their mechanism of the formation by studying pegylated liposomal doxorubicins (PLDs) of the same lipid composition, size distribution, and extraliposome medium that were prepared at different ammonium sulfate (AS) concentrations. This study includes a comparison of the thermotropic behavior, morphology, and in vitro ammonia-induced doxorubicin release (relevant to Doxil's in vivo performance) of these PLDs. In this study, we confirm that a transmembrane ammonium gradient is critical for doxorubicin remote loading, and we demonstrate that the intraliposomal concentration of sulfate counteranions and ammonium ions determine to a large extent the physical state and stability of the PLDs' remote loaded doxorubicin. "Fully-developed" intraliposome doxorubicin-sulfate nanorod crystals (as defined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging) develop only when the ammonium sulfate (AS) concentration used for PLD preparation is ≥150 mM. Less than 10% of PLDs prepared with 100 mM AS show fully developed nanorod crystals. Intraliposomal AS concentration ≥200 mM is required to support the stable nanocrystallization in PLDs. The presence of nanocrystals and their melting enthalpy and phase transition co-operativity strongly affect the ammonia-induced doxorubicin release of PLDs. A quick, biphasic release occurs for PLDs that lack the nanorod crystals or have crystals of poor crystallinity, whereas PLDs prepared with ≥200 mM AS show a monophasic, zero-order slow release. This study also demonstrates that after remote loading, residual intraliposomal ammonium concentration and the transmembrane pH gradient related to it also play an important role in doxorubicin-sulfate intraliposomal crystallization and ammonia-induced doxorubicin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wei
- Laboratory
of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew
University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- School
of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dima Shamrakov
- Ayana
Ltd., Jerusalem Biotechnology
Park, Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sioma Nudelman
- Ayana
Ltd., Jerusalem Biotechnology
Park, Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sivan Peretz-Damari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Be’er
Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Einat Nativ-Roth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Be’er
Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Oren Regev
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Be’er
Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory
of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew
University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- E-mail: ,
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Mineart KP, Kelley EG, Nagao M, Prabhu VM. Processing-structure relationships of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified liposomes. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5228-5232. [PMID: 28730191 PMCID: PMC11112619 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00960g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes with PEG-modified surfaces are amenable to nanocarrier applications and can be prepared via two PEGylated lipid incorporation routes: before and after extrusion (i.e., co-extrusion and post-insertion, respectively). The current study quantifies the processing influence on PEG chain partitioning between the interior and exterior liposome surfaces for the first time using small angle neutron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Mineart
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Bunker A, Magarkar A, Viitala T. Rational design of liposomal drug delivery systems, a review: Combined experimental and computational studies of lipid membranes, liposomes and their PEGylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2334-2352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Nakanishi R, Kinoshita M, Sasaki S, Akiba I. Spatial distribution of hydrophobic compounds in polymer micelles as explored by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering near Br K-edge. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Sakurai S. Recent developments in polymer applications of synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sakurai
- Department of Biobased Materials Science; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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10
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Wei X, Cohen R, Barenholz Y. Insights into composition/structure/function relationships of Doxil® gained from "high-sensitivity" differential scanning calorimetry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:260-70. [PMID: 27106607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermotropic behavior of Doxil® and its generic, Lipodox®, was characterized using "high-sensitivity" differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This is the first report that two distinct endotherms were observed in Doxil and Lipodox upon heating. The first (Tm at 51±2°C) is broad and of low enthalpy, representing the membrane lipid phase transition, which occurs despite having high (38mole%) cholesterol. The second (Tm at ∼70°C) is narrow, representing melting of the intraliposomal doxorubicin-sulfate nanocrystals. The thermograms of Doxil and Lipodox are practically identical. The membrane phase transition is similar to that of drug-free nanoliposomes of the same size and lipid composition as Doxil, suggesting lack of significant drug-membrane interaction. The melting endotherm of the intraliposomal nanocrystals is 2.0-2.5-fold narrower than that of the crystals formed in a solution of 250mM ammonium sulfate and >60mg/ml doxorubicin. This suggests that nanovolume of liposomes improves doxorubicin-sulfate crystallinity. Moreover, both phase transitions are reversible in cycled DSC scanning (15-90-15°C). This indicates an unexpected "non-leaky" phospholipid phase transition and excellent physical and chemical stabilities of Doxil after short exposure to high temperature. Reducing mole% of cholesterol results in a "leaky" membrane phase transition of higher enthalpy. Namely, high mole% cholesterol is essential for the resistance to drug leakage during phase transition. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in which HSPC was replaced by DPPC shows the same non-leaky phase transition but at a lower temperature, indicating this type of phase transition is not unique to Doxil. The presence of DSPE-PEG2k increases the cooperativity of the phase transition. High-sensitivity DSC helps illuminate composition/structure/function relationships of Doxil, and is useful for the equivalence/similarity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wei
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rivka Cohen
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Di Cola E, Grillo I, Ristori S. Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering: Powerful Tools for Studying the Structure of Drug-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8020010. [PMID: 27043614 PMCID: PMC4932473 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanovectors, such as liposomes, micelles and lipid nanoparticles, are recognized as efficient platforms for delivering therapeutic agents, especially those with low solubility in water. Besides being safe and non-toxic, drug carriers with improved performance should meet the requirements of (i) appropriate size and shape and (ii) cargo upload/release with unmodified properties. Structural issues are of primary importance to control the mechanism of action of loaded vectors. Overall properties, such as mean diameter and surface charge, can be obtained using bench instruments (Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta potential). However, techniques with higher space and time resolution are needed for in-depth structural characterization. Small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering techniques provide information at the nanoscale and have therefore been largely used to investigate nanovectors loaded with drugs or other biologically relevant molecules. Here we revise recent applications of these complementary scattering techniques in the field of drug delivery in pharmaceutics and medicine with a focus to liposomal carriers. In particular, we highlight those aspects that can be more commonly accessed by the interested users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-UMR 5588, 140 rue de la Physique, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) DS/LSS, CS 20156-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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12
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Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering study on the spatial distribution of hydrophobic molecules in polymer micelles. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Garcia-Diez R, Gollwitzer C, Krumrey M, Varga Z. Size Determination of a Liposomal Drug by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Using Continuous Contrast Variation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:772-778. [PMID: 26673729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuously growing complexity of nanodrugs urges for complementary characterization techniques which can elude the current limitations. In this paper, the applicability of continuous contrast variation in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for the accurate size determination of a complex nanocarrier is demonstrated on the example of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx). The mean size and average electron density of Caelyx was determined by SAXS using a gradient of aqueous iodixanol (Optiprep), an iso-osmolar suspending medium. The study is focused on the isoscattering point position and the analysis of the Guinier region of the scattering curves recorded at different solvent densities. An average diameter of (69 ± 5) nm and electron density of (346.2 ± 1.2) nm(-3) were determined for the liposomal formulation of doxorubicin. The response of the liposomal nanocarrier to increasing solvent osmolality and the structure of the liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin after the osmotic shrinkage of the liposome are evaluated with sucrose contrast variation in SAXS and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). In the case of using sucrose as contrast agent, a clear osmolality threshold at 670 mOsm kg(-1) was observed, above which the liposomal drug carriers start to shrink, though preserving the intraliposomal doxorubicin structure. The average size obtained by this technique is smaller than the value measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), though this difference is expected due to the hydrodynamic size of the PEG moieties attached to the liposomal surface, which are not probed with solvent contrast variation in SAXS. The advantages and drawbacks of the proposed technique are discussed in comparison to DLS, the most frequently used sizing method in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Garcia-Diez
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Krumrey
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Schilt Y, Berman T, Wei X, Barenholz Y, Raviv U. Using solution X-ray scattering to determine the high-resolution structure and morphology of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin nanodrugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:108-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Caddeo C, Díez-Sales O, Pons R, Carbone C, Ennas G, Puglisi G, Fadda AM, Manconi M. Cross-linked chitosan/liposome hybrid system for the intestinal delivery of quercetin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 461:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Deák R, Mihály J, Szigyártó IC, Wacha A, Lelkes G, Bóta A. Physicochemical characterization of artificial nanoerythrosomes derived from erythrocyte ghost membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:225-234. [PMID: 26255166 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal stabile nanoerythrosomes with 200 nm average diameter were formed from hemoglobin-free erythrocyte ghost membrane via sonication and membrane extrusion. The incorporation of extra lipid (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DPPC), added to the sonicated ghosts, caused significant changes in the thermotropic character of the original membranes. As a result of the increased DPPC ratio the chain melting of the hydrated DPPC system and the characteristic small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the lipid bilayers appeared. Significant morphological changes were followed by transmission electron microscopy combined with freeze fracture method (FF-TEM). After the ultrasonic treatment the large entities of erythrocyte ghosts transformed into nearly spherical nanoerythrosomes with diameters between 100 and 300 nm and at the same time a great number of 10-30 nm large membrane proteins or protein clusters were dispersed in the aqueous medium. The infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) pointed out, that the sonication did not cause changes in the secondary structures of the membrane proteins under our preparation conditions. About fivefold of extra lipid--compared to the lipid content of the original membrane--caused homogeneous dispersion of nanoerythrosomes however the shape of the vesicles was not uniform. After the addition of about tenfold of DPPC, monoform and monodisperse nanoerythrosomes became typical. The outer surfaces of these roughly spherical objects were frequently polygonal, consisting of a net of pentagons and hexagons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Deák
- Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary
| | - Imola Cs Szigyártó
- Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary
| | - András Wacha
- Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lelkes
- Central Laboratory of the National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, 1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó u. 25-29, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary.
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17
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Wacha A, Varga Z, Bóta A. CREDO: a new general-purpose laboratory instrument for small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714019918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The details of a newly constructed small-angle X-ray scattering instrument are presented. The geometry of the instrument is highly customizable, enabling it to address vastly different experimental situations from academic research to industrial problems. The high degree of motorization and automation compared to conventional laboratory-scale SAXS instruments facilitates the alignment and daily use. Data reduction routines are incorporated in the instrument control software, yielding fully corrected and calibrated results promptly after the end of measurements. Optimization of the fluxversus resolution balance can be done routinely for each measurement task. A wide, continuous range ofq= 4πsinθ/λ can be reached, from below 0.02 nm−1up to 30 nm−1, corresponding to periodic distances ofca 350 nm down to 0.2 nm. A few representative results obtained from samples of different research fields demonstrate the versatility of the instrument. Scattering curves are routinely calibrated into absolute units using a glassy carbon secondary standard. More information and recent developments can be found on the web page of the instrument at http://credo.ttk.mta.hu.
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Sakou M, Takechi A, Murakami SI, Sakurai K, Akiba I. Study of the internal structure of polymer micelles by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering at two edges. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813022450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering with two marker elements was applied to the structural analysis of poly(4-vinylphenol rubidium salt)-block-poly(4-bromostyrene) (RbPVPh-b-PBrS) micelles, where Br and Rb were the markers for the hydrophobic core and the hydrated corona, respectively. By using two different markers for the hydrophobic core and the hydrated corona, the form factors of the core and corona were extracted separately from the scattering profile of the whole RbPVPh-b-PBrS micelles. The form factor of the hydrophobic core (the spatial distribution of Br) revealed that the core was regarded as a solid sphere with a smooth surface and a radius of 47 nm. Conversely, the form factor of the spatial distribution of Rb+indicated that the shell of the RbPVPh-b-PBrS micelles was 15 nm thick.
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Structural characterization of the poly(ethylene glycol) layer of sterically stabilized liposomes by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Liposome structures have a wide range of applications in biology, biochemistry, and biophysics. As a result, several methods for forming liposomes have been developed. This review provides a critical comparison of existing microfluidic technologies for forming liposomes and, when applicable, a comparison with their analogous macroscale counterparts. The properties of the generated liposomes, including size, size distribution, lamellarity, membrane composition, and encapsulation efficiency, form the basis for comparison. We hope that this critique will allow the reader to make an informed decision as to which method should be used for a given biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van Swaay
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Akiba I, Takechi A, Sakou M, Handa M, Shinohara Y, Amemiya Y, Yagi N, Sakurai K. Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Structure of Polymer Micelles Having Bromines in Hydrophobic Core. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300461d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Akiba
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takechi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakou
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Masashi Handa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science School of
Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yuya Shinohara
- Department of Advanced Materials Science School of
Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Amemiya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science School of
Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo 679-5198,
Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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Zucker D, Andriyanov AV, Steiner A, Raviv U, Barenholz Y. Characterization of PEGylated nanoliposomes co-remotely loaded with topotecan and vincristine: relating structure and pharmacokinetics to therapeutic efficacy. J Control Release 2012; 160:281-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Characterization of the PEG layer of sterically stabilized liposomes: a SAXS study. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:387-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Bothun GD, Lelis A, Chen Y, Scully K, Anderson LE, Stoner MA. Multicomponent folate-targeted magnetoliposomes: design, characterization, and cellular uptake. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:797-805. [PMID: 21419872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Folate-targeted cationic magnetoliposomes (FTMLs) have been prepared with coencapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) and anionic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) with 5 nm γ-Fe(2)O(3) cores and 16 nm hydrodynamic diameters. NP encapsulation (89%) was confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the presence of the oppositely charged NPs did not cause liposome aggregation. The FTMLs had an average diameter of 174 ± 53 nm and existed as unilamellar and cup-shaped liposomes, which was attributed to dissimilar lipid packing parameters and the presence of PEG-lipids. A 3-fold increase in DOX release was achieved over 2 hours when the encapsulated SPIO NPs were heated by an alternating current electromagnetic field operating at radio frequencies (RF). Results with human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), which have been shown to exhibit high folate receptor (FR) expression, confirmed FTML surface binding and cellular uptake. In contrast, no uptake was observed for lower FR-expressing human breast carcinoma cells (ZR-75-1). FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study discusses the design and cellular uptake of multifunctional folate-targeted cationic magnetoliposomes enabling doxorubicin delivery and SPIO labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Bothun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA.
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