1
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Potocny AM, Phelan BT, Sprague-Klein EA, Mara MW, Tiede DM, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Harnessing Intermolecular Interactions to Promote Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge Separation from Copper Phenanthroline Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19119-19133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Potocny
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Emily A. Sprague-Klein
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Michael W. Mara
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - David M. Tiede
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Karen L. Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
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2
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Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Sun L, Gelin MF. Toward efficient photochemistry from upper excited electronic states: Detection of long S 2 lifetime of perylene. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:191102. [PMID: 34800965 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A long 0.9 ps lifetime of the upper excited singlet state in perylene is resolved by femtosecond pump-probe measurements under ultraviolet (4.96 eV) excitation and further validated by theoretical simulations of transient absorption kinetics. This finding prompts exploration and development of novel perylene-based materials for upper excited state photochemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zahn C, Stensitzki T, Berg A, Mahammed A, Zacarias A, Gross Z, Heyne K. Ultrafast Electron Transfer in a Self-Assembling Sulfonated Aluminum Corrole-Methylviologen Complex. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10571-10577. [PMID: 34506146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer systems can mimic certain features of natural photosynthetic reaction centers, which are crucial for solar energy production. Among other tetra-pyrroles, the versatile chemical and photophysical properties of corroles make them very promising donors applicable in donor-acceptor complexes. Here, we present a first comprehensive study of ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in a self-assembling sulfonated aluminum corrole-methylviologen complex combining visible and mid-IR transient absorption spectroscopy. The noncovalent D-A association of the corrole-methylviologen complex has the great advantage that photoinduced charge separation becomes possible even though the back electron transfer (BET) rate is large. Initial forward electron transfer from corrole to methylviologen is observed on an ∼130 fs time scale. Subsequent back electron transfer takes place with τBET = (1.8 ± 0.5) ps, revealing very complex relaxation dynamics. Direct probing in the mid-IR allows us to unravel the back electron transfer and cooling dynamics/electronic reorganization. Upon tracing the dynamics of the methylviologen-radical marker band at 1640 cm-1 and the C═C stretching of corrole at around 1500 cm-1, we observe that large amounts of excess energy survive the back transfer, leading to the formation of hot ground state absorption. A closer examination of the signal after 300 ps, surviving the back transfer, exhibits a charge-separation yield of 10-15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Zahn
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Stensitzki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Berg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Angelica Zacarias
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics and ETSF, Weinberg 2, D06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Karsten Heyne
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Wang LL, Wang HH, Wang H, Liu HY. Photoinduced Electron Transfer between DNA and Water-Soluble Porphyrins. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5683-5693. [PMID: 34042460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of five kinds of porphyrins (H2TMPyP, ZnTMPyP, PdTMPyP, H2TPPS, and ZnTPPS) complexed with model DNAs (ctDNA and dGMP) have been investigated using steady-state absorption, circular dichroism (CD), and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Upon addition of ctDNA (or dGMP), larger hypochromism and red shifts are observed for H2TMPyP and PdTMPyP compared to the other samples. The steady-state measurements have suggested that the binding modes of H2TMPyP-ctDNA and PdTMPyP-ctDNA are partial intercalation and full intercalation, respectively, while ZnTMPyP-ctDNA shows outside groove binding. No significant interaction was observed between both H2TPPS and ZnTPPS with two kinds of DNA. Upon excitation of the porphyrins into the higher excited state S2 (Soret band), the appearance of the transient absorption from ∼500 to ∼620 nm at about 0.05 ps in H2TMPyP-ctDNA, H2TMPyP-dGMP, and PdTMPyP-dGMP indicates the occurrence of the electron transfer (ET) from guanine to H2TMPyP and PdTMPyP. The forward ET are extremely fast (kf ≥ 1.0 × 1013 s-1), and the backward ET rates are ∼5.6 × 1012 and ∼4.0 × 1012 s-1, respectively. The complexation with DNA may lead to the shorter lifetime of the fluorescence of H2TMPyP and PdTMPyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hua-Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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5
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El-Zohry AM, Orabi EA, Karlsson M, Zietz B. Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Controlled by Dimerization: An Overlooked Piece of the TICT Puzzle. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2885-2894. [PMID: 33819036 PMCID: PMC8154600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Organic dyes have
shown high efficiencies in solar cells, which
is mainly attributed to the push–pull strategy present in such
dyes upon attaching to the semiconductor surfaces. We deeply studied
the fundamental photophysical properties of cyanoacrylic dyes, mostly
the L1 dye, and found unique emission properties that depend on many
factors such as the solvent polarity and the concentration of the
dye and could present a complete emission picture about this family
of dyes. The L1 dye shows an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)
emission state at low concentrations (approximately nanomolar scale)
and shows a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) emission
state in specific solvents upon increasing the concentration to the
micromolar scale. Moreover, the associated emission lifetimes of the
ICT and TICT states of the L1 dye depend on solvent basicity, highlighting
the role of hydrogen bond formation on controlling such states. Density
functional theory calculations are performed to gain insight into
the photophysical properties of the dye and revealed that H-bonding
between the carboxylic groups triggers the dimerization at low concentrations.
Using femtosecond transient absorption, we assigned the rate of TICT
formation to be in the range (160–650 fs)−1, depending on the size of the studied cyanoacrylic dye. Therefore,
we add herein a new dimension for controlling the formation of the
TICT state, in addition to the solvent polarity and acceptor strength
parameters. These findings are not limited to the studied dyes, and
we expect that numerous organic carboxylic acids dyes show similar
properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Zohry
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics - AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esam A Orabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Martin Karlsson
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Burkhard Zietz
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Tian L, Tyburski R, Wen C, Sun R, Abdellah M, Huang J, D'Amario L, Boschloo G, Hammarström L, Tian H. Understanding the Role of Surface States on Mesoporous NiO Films. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18668-18678. [PMID: 33063996 PMCID: PMC7596758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Surface
states of mesoporous NiO semiconductor films have particular
properties differing from the bulk and are able to dramatically influence
the interfacial electron transfer and adsorption of chemical species.
To achieve a better performance of NiO-based p-type dye-sensitized
solar cells (p-DSCs), the function of the surface states has to be
understood. In this paper, we applied a modified atomic layer deposition
procedure that is able to passivate 72% of the surface states on NiO
by depositing a monolayer of Al2O3. This provides
us with representative control samples to study the functions of the
surface states on NiO films. A main conclusion is that surface states,
rather than the bulk, are mainly responsible for the conductivity
in mesoporous NiO films. Furthermore, surface states significantly
affect dye regeneration (with I–/I3– as redox couple) and hole transport in NiO-based p-DSCs.
A new dye regeneration mechanism is proposed in which electrons are
transferred from reduced dye molecules to intra-bandgap states, and
then to I3– species. The intra-bandgap
states here act as catalysts to assist I3– reduction. A more complete mechanism is suggested to understand
the particular hole transport behavior in p-DSCs, in which the hole
transport time is independent of light intensity. This is ascribed
to the percolation hole hopping on the surface states. When the concentration
of surface states was significantly reduced, the light-independent
charge transport behavior in pristine NiO-based p-DSCs transformed
into having an exponential dependence on light intensity, similar
to that observed in TiO2-based n-type DSCs. These conclusions
on the function of surface states provide new insight into the electronic
properties of mesoporous NiO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Tyburski
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chenyu Wen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luca D'Amario
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Siplivy NB, Feskov SV, Ivanov AI. Quantum yield and energy efficiency of photoinduced intramolecular charge separation. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044301. [PMID: 32752711 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetics of photoinduced intramolecular charge separation (CS) and the ensuing ultrafast charge recombination (CR) in electron-donor-acceptor dyads are studied numerically, taking into account the excitation of charge-transfer active intramolecular vibrations and multiple relaxation time scales of the surrounding polar solvent. Both energetic and dynamic properties of intramolecular and solvent reorganization are considered, and their influence on the CS/CR kinetics and quantum yield of ultrafast CS is explored. Particular attention is paid to the energy efficiency of CS, as one of the most important parameters indicating the promise of using a molecular compound as a basis for emerging optoelectronic devices. The CS quantum yield and the energy efficiency of CS are shown to depend differently on the key model parameters. Necessary conditions for the highly efficient CS are evaluated using analytic formulae for the electron transfer rates and derived from numerical simulation data. The reasons why low-exergonic CS taking place in the Marcus normal region can be much slower than CR in the deep inverted region are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay B Siplivy
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Serguei V Feskov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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8
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Jonely M, Noriega R. Role of Polar Protic Solvents in the Dissociation and Reactivity of Photogenerated Radical Ion Pairs. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3083-3089. [PMID: 32239936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The UV photolysis of bimolecular charge transfer complexes is employed to yield reactive radical ions in their solvent-equilibrated electronic ground state. In polar protic media, noncovalent complexes of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene and toluene undergo efficient, ultrafast dissociation to ion pairs and equilibrate with their solvent environment before the resulting radical ions engage in electron transfer and proton abstraction on subnanosecond time scales. Solvent molecules play a critical role in these reactive pathways and in the dissociation and relaxation processes that precede them. We report a clear separation of time scales for these relaxation and reactive processes, which implies that solvent-solute interactions can be used as a tool for tuning the reaction pathways of equilibrated radical ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie Jonely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rodrigo Noriega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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9
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Kim MK, Shee NK, Lee J, Yoon M, Kim HJ. Photoinduced electron transfer upon supramolecular complexation of (porphyrinato)Sn-viologen with cucurbit[7]uril. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1996-2002. [PMID: 31257380 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (porphyrinato)Sn-viologen, 1, and its supramolecular complexation with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) were studied. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies obviously reveal that 1 forms a 1 : 2 supramolecular complex with CB[7] through the inclusion of viologen moieties of 1 into the cavity of CB[7]. The cyclic voltammetric study supports that the binding affinity of the radical cation forms is comparable to that of the di-cation viologen toward CB[7]. The fluorescence arising from the porphyrin moiety is significantly quenched upon the complexation of 1 with CB[7]. The ps-time-resolved fluorescence and ns-transient absorption spectroscopic studies reveal that the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between viologen and Sn(iv) porphyrin of 1 takes place from the first excited singlet (S1) state and the second excited triplet (T2) state of the porphyrin moiety upon complexation with CB[7], while the PET from the S1 state is negligible in the absence of CB[7].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhao F, Zhan X, Lai SH, Zhang L, Liu HY. Photophysical properties and singlet oxygen generation ofmeso-iodinated free-base corroles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12626-12634. [PMID: 35515858 PMCID: PMC9063762 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the effect of meso-iodination of free-base corroles on their photophysical character, we designed and synthesized a series of free-base corrole derivatives F10–OH (iodine-free), F10–OH–I (mono-iodo) and F10–OH–2I (di-iodo), with different substitution patterns at the meso-position as candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). We employed several optical spectroscopic techniques, including time-resolved spectroscopy from a femtosecond to microsecond and singlet oxygen luminescence to study the properties of excited singlet and triplet states, as well as the singlet oxygen quantum yields. The sub-picosecond internal conversion, ∼1 ps intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, tens of ps vibrational cooling, are similar across the three corroles. The addition of one (F10–OH–I) and two iodine (F10–OH–2I) atoms to the remote aryl ring of triarylcorroles induces a 4.6-fold and 6.2-fold decrease in fluorescence quantum yields Φfl and a 2.2-fold and 4.9-fold increase in the time constant of intersystem crossing kISC. In addition, a slight increase in intersystem crossing quantum yields ΦT was also observed from F10–OH to F10–OH–2I. It means the intersystem crossing is improved by the iodination, from F10–OH to F10–OH–2I, because of the heavy atom effect. However, the sample F10–OH–I, instead of F10–OH–2I, shows the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield ΦΔ. The effect of corrole macrocycle meso-iodination on its photophysical character.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Shu-Hui Lai
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
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11
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Uno T, Koga M, Sotome H, Miyasaka H, Tamai N, Kobayashi Y. Stepwise Two-Photon-Induced Electron Transfer from Higher Excited States of Noncovalently Bound Porphyrin-CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:7098-7104. [PMID: 30452267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing amount of interest in stepwise two-photon-absorption (2PA)-induced photochemical reactions because of their extremely lower power thresholds compared to that of the simultaneous process and drastic reaction enhancements in some cases. However, stepwise 2PA-induced photochemical reactions were reported only in single chromophores and covalently bound bichromophores and there are few reports on these reactions in noncovalently bound systems because of weak electronic interactions among chromophores. This study demonstrated the stepwise 2PA-induced electron transfer from higher excited states in noncovalently bound protoporphyrin IX·CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs). The electron transfer from higher excited states of porphyrin to CdS NCs successfully overcomes the activation barrier associated with the wide bandgap ZnS shell, indicating that a high reduction potential can be obtained with the stepwise 2PA process. The concept presented in this study can be applied to various noncovalently bound multichromophore systems to explore nonlinear photoresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
| | - Masafumi Koga
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Naoto Tamai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen , Sanda , Hyogo 669-1337 , Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
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12
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Steer RP. Prospects for efficient solar energy upconversion using metalloporphyrins as dual absorber-upconverters. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8517-8525. [PMID: 29260179 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel potential use of selected metalloporphyrins as dual absorber-upconverters in solar photovoltaics is discussed. Additional efficiencies are available if use can be made of the porphyrin's short-lived S2 state, which is formed directly by excitation in the strong Soret transition in the blue-violet and also by absorption in the Q bands followed by rapid intersystem crossing and upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation. The main challenge in realizing a working photovoltaic based on such a protocol is that energy must be extracted from the S2 state of the porphyrin within its picosecond lifetime. The structure-property relationships that may be used to select metalloporphyrins with the longest possible intrinsic lifetimes are outlined. The prospects for energy extraction from S2via ultrafast electron transfer or ultrafast resonant electronic energy transfer within a solid structure designed to maximize efficiency are discussed. Both MOF and pendant porphyrin polymer structures offer reasonable possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N5C9.
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13
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Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Reaction dynamics of excited radical ions revealed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Effect of charge separation free energy gap on the rate constant of ultrafast charge recombination in ion pairs formed by intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Tyburski R, Föhlinger J, Hammarström L. Light Driven Electron Transfer in Methylbipyridine/Phenol Complexes Is Not Proton Coupled. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4425-4429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Tyburski
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Föhlinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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D'Amario L, Föhlinger J, Boschloo G, Hammarström L. Unveiling hole trapping and surface dynamics of NiO nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:223-230. [PMID: 29629091 PMCID: PMC5869301 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The research effort in mesoporous p-type semiconductors is increasing due to their potential application in photoelectrochemical energy conversion devices. In this paper an electron-hole pair is created by band-gap excitation of NiO nanoparticles and the dynamics of the electron and the hole is followed until their recombination. By spectroscopic characterization it was found that surface Ni3+ states work as traps for both electrons and holes. The trapped electron was assigned to a Ni2+ state and the trapped hole to a "Ni4+" state positioned close to the valence band edge. The recombination kinetics of these traps was studied and related with the concept of hole relaxation suggested before. The time scale of the hole relaxation was found to be in the order of tens of ns. Finally the spectroscopic evidence of this relaxation is presented in a sensitized film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D'Amario
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 751 20 Uppsala , Sweden . ; ; Tel: +46 18 471 3648
| | - Jens Föhlinger
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 751 20 Uppsala , Sweden . ; ; Tel: +46 18 471 3648
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 751 20 Uppsala , Sweden . ; ; Tel: +46 18 471 3648
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 751 20 Uppsala , Sweden . ; ; Tel: +46 18 471 3648
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17
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Lee MJ, Kim MK, Shee NK, Lee J, Yoon M, Kim HJ. Supramolecular Complexation between Porphyrin-Viologen Dyad and Cucurbit[7]uril. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kumoh National Institute of Technology; Gumi 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kumoh National Institute of Technology; Gumi 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Nirmal K. Shee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kumoh National Institute of Technology; Gumi 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Jooran Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kumoh National Institute of Technology; Gumi 39177 Republic of Korea
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18
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Mikhailova VA, Malykhin RE, Ivanov AI. The effect of solvent relaxation time constants on free energy gap law for ultrafast charge recombination following photoinduced charge separation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:607-616. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast low exergonic charge recombination following photoinduced charge separation proceeds in a non-equilibrium mode and its rate constant is nearly independent of the free energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman E. Malykhin
- Volgograd State University
- University Avenue 100
- Volgograd 400062
- Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University
- University Avenue 100
- Volgograd 400062
- Russia
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19
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Demchenko AP, Tomin VI, Chou PT. Breaking the Kasha Rule for More Efficient Photochemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13353-13381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Demchenko
- Palladin
Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I. Tomin
- Institute
of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego, 22b, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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20
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Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI. Excitation Frequency Dependence of Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics. INT J CHEM KINET 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Pati PB, Zhang L, Philippe B, Fernández‐Terán R, Ahmadi S, Tian L, Rensmo H, Hammarström L, Tian H. Insights into the Mechanism of a Covalently Linked Organic Dye-Cobaloxime Catalyst System for Dye-Sensitized Solar Fuel Devices. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2480-2495. [PMID: 28338295 PMCID: PMC5488223 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A covalently linked organic dye-cobaloxime catalyst system based on mesoporous NiO is synthesized by a facile click reaction for mechanistic studies and application in a dye-sensitized solar fuel device. The system is systematically investigated by photoelectrochemical measurements, density functional theory, time-resolved fluorescence, transient absorption spectroscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that irradiation of the dye-catalyst on NiO leads to ultrafast hole injection into NiO from the excited dye, followed by a fast electron transfer process to reduce the catalyst. Moreover, the dye adopts different structures with different excited state energies, and excitation energy transfer occurs between neighboring molecules on the semiconductor surface. The photoelectrochemical experiments also show hydrogen production by this system. The axial chloride ligands of the catalyst are released during photocatalysis to create the active sites for proton reduction. A working mechanism of the dye-catalyst system on the photocathode is proposed on the basis of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Baran Pati
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 523SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 523SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Bertrand Philippe
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityBox 516SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | | | - Sareh Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityBox 516SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 523SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityBox 516SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 523SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 523SE 751 20UppsalaSweden
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22
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Nazarov AE, Malykhin R, Ivanov AI. Free-Energy-Gap Law for Ultrafast Charge Recombination of Ion Pairs Formed by Intramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:589-598. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Roman Malykhin
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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23
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A small electron donor in cobalt complex electrolyte significantly improves efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13934. [PMID: 28000672 PMCID: PMC5187592 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical approach to solar energy conversion demands a kinetic optimization of various light-induced electron transfer processes. Of great importance are the redox mediator systems accomplishing the electron transfer processes at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, therefore affecting profoundly the performance of various photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we develop a strategy—by addition of a small organic electron donor, tris(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, into state-of-art cobalt tris(bipyridine) redox electrolyte—to significantly improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. The developed solar cells exhibit efficiency of 11.7 and 10.5%, at 0.46 and one-sun illumination, respectively, corresponding to a 26% efficiency improvement compared with the standard electrolyte. Preliminary stability tests showed the solar cell retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 250 h continuous one-sun light soaking. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of the electron transfer cascade processes within the new redox system.
The electrolyte is an important component of dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, Hao et al. use an electron donor additive in the cobalt-based electrolyte, which speeds up the dye regeneration and slows down recombinations. The resulting devices are stable and more efficient than those without additive.
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24
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Kumpulainen T, Lang B, Rosspeintner A, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Elementary Photochemical Processes of Organic Molecules in Liquid Solution. Chem Rev 2016; 117:10826-10939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Lang
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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25
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Feskov SV, Mikhailova VA, Ivanov AI. Non-equilibrium effects in ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Feskov SV, Ivanov AI. Effect of geometrical parameters of dyad D–A and triad D–A 1 –A 2 on the efficiency of ultrafast intramolecular charge separation from the second excited state. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Zhang L, Favereau L, Farré Y, Mijangos E, Pellegrin Y, Blart E, Odobel F, Hammarström L. Ultrafast and slow charge recombination dynamics of diketopyrrolopyrrole-NiO dye sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18515-27. [PMID: 27338174 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a photophysical study, two diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based sensitizers functionalized with 4-thiophenecarboxylic acid as an anchoring group and a bromo (DPPBr) or dicyanovinyl (DPPCN2) group, and a dyad consisting of a DPP unit linked to a naphthalenediimide group (DPP-NDI), were investigated both in solution and grafted on mesoporous NiO films. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements indicate that ultrafast hole injection occurred predominantly on a timescale of ∼200 fs, whereas the subsequent charge recombination occurred on a surprisingly wide range of timescales, from tens of ps to tens of μs; this kinetic heterogeneity is much greater than is typically observed for dye-sensitized TiO2 or ZnO. Also, in contrast to what is typically observed for dye-sensitized TiO2, there was no significant dependence on the excitation power of the recombination kinetics, which can be explained by the hole density being comparatively higher near the valence band of NiO before excitation. The additional acceptor group in DPP-NDI provided a rapid electron shift and stabilized charge separation up to the μs timescale. This enabled efficient (∼95%) regeneration of NDI by a Co(III)(dtb)3 electrolyte (dtb = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), according to transient absorption measurements. The regeneration of DPPBr and DPPCN2 by Co(III)(dtb)3 was instead inefficient, as most recombination for these dyes occurred on the sub-ns timescale. The transient spectroscopy data thus corroborated the trend of the published photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on these dyes on mesoporous NiO, and show the potential of a design strategy with a secondary acceptor bound to the dye. The study identifies rapid initial recombination between the dye and NiO as the main obstacle to obtaining high efficiencies in NiO-based DSSCs; these recombination components may be overlooked when studies are conducted using only methods with ns resolution or slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE75120, Sweden.
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28
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Nazarov AE, Barykov VY, Ivanov AI. Effect of Intramolecular High-Frequency Vibrational Mode Excitation on Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Charge Recombination Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3196-205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Vadim Yu. Barykov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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29
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Arooj Q, Wilson GJ, Wang F. Shifting UV-vis absorption spectrum through rational structural modifications of zinc porphyrin photoactive compounds. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrin assemblies such as Zn–porphyrins are significant photoactive compounds with a number of applications including molecular devices and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Arooj
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
| | | | - F. Wang
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
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30
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Sheibani E, Zhang L, Liu P, Xu B, Mijangos E, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Hammarström L, Kloo L, Tian H. A study of oligothiophene–acceptor dyes in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new dyes, E1 and E2, equipped with triphenylamine as the electron donor, oligothiophene as the linker and different electron acceptor groups, have been designed and synthesized as photosensitizers for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs).
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31
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Zhang L, Favereau L, Farre Y, Maufroy A, Pellegrin Y, Blart E, Hissler M, Jacquemin D, Odobel F, Hammarström L. Molecular-structure control of electron transfer dynamics of push–pull porphyrins as sensitizers for NiO based dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zn(ii)-porphyrin dyes for NiO dye-sensitized solar cells showed surprisingly rapid charge recombination, in spite of their push–pull character. Appending a secondary acceptor prolonged charge separation and led to improved photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala SE75120
- Sweden
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Yoann Farre
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Antoine Maufroy
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Yann Pellegrin
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Errol Blart
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Muriel Hissler
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Rennes cedex
- France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes cedex 3
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala SE75120
- Sweden
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32
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Delor M, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. Probing and Exploiting the Interplay between Nuclear and Electronic Motion in Charge Transfer Processes. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1131-9. [PMID: 25789559 DOI: 10.1021/ar500420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation refers to the assumption that the nuclear and electronic wave functions describing a molecular system evolve and can be determined independently. It is now well-known that this approximation often breaks down and that nuclear-electronic (vibronic) coupling contributes greatly to the ultrafast photophysics and photochemistry observed in many systems ranging from simple molecules to biological organisms. In order to probe vibronic coupling in a time-dependent manner, one must use spectroscopic tools capable of correlating the motions of electrons and nuclei on an ultrafast time scale. Recent developments in nonlinear multidimensional electronic and vibrational spectroscopies allow monitoring both electronic and structural factors with unprecedented time and spatial resolution. In this Account, we present recent studies from our group that make use of different variants of frequency-domain transient two-dimensional infrared (T-2DIR) spectroscopy, a pulse sequence combining electronic and vibrational excitations in the form of a UV-visible pump, a narrowband (12 cm(-1)) IR pump, and a broadband (400 cm(-1)) IR probe. In the first example, T-2DIR is used to directly compare vibrational dynamics in the ground and relaxed electronic excited states of Re(Cl)(CO)3(4,4'-diethylester-2,2'-bipyridine) and Ru(4,4'-diethylester-2,2'-bipyridine)2(NCS)2, prototypical charge transfer complexes used in photocatalytic CO2 reduction and electron injection in dye-sensitized solar cells. The experiments show that intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) and vibrational energy transfer (VET) are up to an order of magnitude faster in the triplet charge transfer excited state than in the ground state. These results show the influence of electronic arrangement on vibrational coupling patterns, with direct implications for vibronic coupling mechanisms in charge transfer excited states. In the second example, we show unambiguously that electronic and vibrational movement are coupled in a donor-bridge-acceptor complex based on a Pt(II) trans-acetylide design motif. Time-resolved IR (TRIR) spectroscopy reveals that the rate of electron transfer (ET) is highly dependent on the amount of excess energy localized on the bridge following electronic excitation. Using an adaptation of T-2DIR, we are able to selectively perturb bridge-localized vibrational modes during charge separation, resulting in the donor-acceptor charge separation pathway being completely switched off, with all excess energy redirected toward the formation of a long-lived intraligand triplet state. A series of control experiments reveal that this effect is mode specific: it is only when the high-frequency bridging C≡C stretching mode is pumped that radical changes in photoproduct yields are observed. These experiments therefore suggest that one may perturb electronic movement by stimulating structural motion along the reaction coordinate using IR light. These studies add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that controlling the pathways and efficiency of charge transfer may be achieved through synthetic and perturbative approaches aiming to modulate vibronic coupling. Achieving such control would represent a breakthrough for charge transfer-based applications such as solar energy conversion and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Delor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, STFC, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, STFC, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
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33
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Petersson J, Hammarström L. Ultrafast Electron Transfer Dynamics in a Series of Porphyrin/Viologen Complexes: Involvement of Electronically Excited Radical Pair Products. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7531-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Petersson
- Department of Chemistry –
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry –
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Kinetics of charge separated state population produced by intramolecular electron transfer quenching of second excited state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Wang L, Mirmohades M, Brown A, Duan L, Li F, Daniel Q, Lomoth R, Sun L, Hammarström L. Sensitizer-catalyst assemblies for water oxidation. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2742-51. [PMID: 25700086 DOI: 10.1021/ic502915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Two molecular assemblies with one Ru(II)-polypyridine photosensitizer covalently linked to one Ru(II)(bda)L2 catalyst (1) (bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) and two photosensitizers covalently linked to one catalyst (2) have been prepared using a simple C-C bond as the linkage. In the presence of sodium persulfate as a sacrificial electron acceptor, both of them show high activity for catalytic water oxidation driven by visible light, with a turnover number up to 200 for 2. The linked photocatalysts show a lower initial yield for light driven oxygen evolution but a much better photostability compared to the three component system with separate sensitizer, catalyst and acceptor, leading to a much greater turnover number. Photocatalytic experiments and time-resolved spectroscopy were carried out to probe the mechanism of this catalysis. The linked catalyst in its Ru(II) state rapidly quenches the sensitizer, predominantly by energy transfer. However, a higher stability under photocatalytic condition is shown for the linked sensitizer compared to the three component system, which is attributed to kinetic stabilization by rapid photosensitizer regeneration. Strategies for employment of the sensitizer-catalyst molecules in more efficient photocatalytic systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Zhang L, Liu ZY, Zhan X, Wang LL, Wang H, Liu HY. Photophysical properties of electron-deficient free-base corroles bearing meso-fluorophenyl substituents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:953-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast photophysical behaviors of a series of meso-flurophenyl substituted electron-deficient free base corroles F0C, F5C, F10C and F15C in toluene have been investigated using femtosecond time resolved absorption spectroscopy and steady spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Department of Chemistry
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
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37
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Yushchenko O, Hangarge RV, Mosquera-Vazquez S, Boshale SV, Vauthey E. Electron, Hole, Singlet, and Triplet Energy Transfer in Photoexcited Porphyrin-Naphthalenediimide Dyads. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:7308-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Yushchenko
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland
| | - Rahul V. Hangarge
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001 Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandra Mosquera-Vazquez
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland
| | - Sheshanath V. Boshale
- School of Applied
Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland
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38
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Fujitsuka M, Shiragami T, Cho DW, Tojo S, Yasuda M, Majima T. Solvent Dynamics Regulated Electron Transfer in S2-Excited Sb and Ge Tetraphenylporphyrins with an Electron Donor Substituent at the Meso-Position. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3926-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute
of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shiragami
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Dae Won Cho
- The Institute
of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department
of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University (Sejong Campus), Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Sachiko Tojo
- The Institute
of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masahide Yasuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute
of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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39
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Zhu H, Yang Y, Hyeon-Deuk K, Califano M, Song N, Wang Y, Zhang W, Prezhdo OV, Lian T. Auger-assisted electron transfer from photoexcited semiconductor quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1263-1269. [PMID: 24359156 DOI: 10.1021/nl4041687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although quantum confined nanomaterials, such as quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a new class of light harvesting and charge separation materials for solar energy conversion, theoretical models for describing photoinduced charge transfer from these materials remain unclear. In this paper, we show that the rate of photoinduced electron transfer from QDs (CdS, CdSe, and CdTe) to molecular acceptors (anthraquinone, methylviologen, and methylene blue) increases at decreasing QD size (and increasing driving force), showing a lack of Marcus inverted regime behavior over an apparent driving force range of ∼0-1.3 V. We account for this unusual driving force dependence by proposing an Auger-assisted electron transfer model in which the transfer of the electron can be coupled to the excitation of the hole, circumventing the unfavorable Franck-Condon overlap in the Marcus inverted regime. This model is supported by computational studies of electron transfer and trapping processes in model QD-acceptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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40
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Feskov SV, Ivanov AI. Efficiency of Intramolecular Charge Separation from the Second Excited State: Suppression of the Hot Charge Recombination by Electron Transfer to the Secondary Acceptor. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11479-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408516q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V. Feskov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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41
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Horke DA, Li Q, Blancafort L, Verlet JRR. Ultrafast above-threshold dynamics of the radical anion of a prototypical quinone electron-acceptor. Nat Chem 2013; 5:711-7. [PMID: 23881504 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinones feature prominently as electron acceptors in nature. Their electron-transfer reactions are often highly exergonic, for which Marcus theory predicts reduced electron-transfer rates because of a free-energy barrier that occurs in the inverted region. However, the electron-transfer kinetics that involve quinones can appear barrierless. Here, we consider the intrinsic properties of the para-benzoquinone radical anion, which serves as the prototypical electron-transfer reaction product involving a quinone-based acceptor. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we show that excitation at 400 and 480 nm yields excited states that are unbound with respect to electron loss. These excited states are shown to decay on a sub-40 fs timescale through a series of conical intersections with lower-lying excited states, ultimately to form the ground anionic state and avoid autodetachment. From an isolated electron-acceptor perspective, this ultrafast stabilization mechanism accounts for the ability of para-benzoquinone to capture and retain electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Horke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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42
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Koch M, Rosspeintner A, Adamczyk K, Lang B, Dreyer J, Nibbering ETJ, Vauthey E. Real-Time Observation of the Formation of Excited Radical Ions in Bimolecular Photoinduced Charge Separation: Absence of the Marcus Inverted Region Explained. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9843-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403481v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Koch
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211
Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211
Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Adamczyk
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211
Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jens Dreyer
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211
Geneva 4, Switzerland
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43
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Rogozina MV, Ionkin VN, Ivanov AI. Dynamics of Charge Separation from Second Excited State and Following Charge Recombination in Zinc-Porphyrin–Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4564-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402734h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Rogozina
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062,
Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Ionkin
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062,
Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062,
Russia
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44
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Robotham B, Lastman KA, Langford SJ, Ghiggino KP. Ultrafast electron transfer in a porphyrin-amino naphthalene diimide dyad. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Klein JH, Sunderland TL, Kaufmann C, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C. Stepwise versus pseudo-concerted two-electron-transfer in a triarylamine–iridium dipyrrin–naphthalene diimide triad. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:16024-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Göransson E, Boixel J, Fortage J, Jacquemin D, Becker HC, Blart E, Hammarström L, Odobel F. Long-range electron transfer in zinc-phthalocyanine-oligo(phenylene-ethynylene)-based donor-bridge-acceptor dyads. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11500-12. [PMID: 23050927 DOI: 10.1021/ic3013552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the context of long-range electron transfer for solar energy conversion, we present the synthesis, photophysical, and computational characterization of two new zinc(II) phthalocyanine oligophenylene-ethynylene based donor-bride-acceptor dyads: ZnPc-OPE-AuP(+) and ZnPc-OPE-C(60). A gold(III) porphyrin and a fullerene has been used as electron accepting moieties, and the results have been compared to a previously reported dyad with a tin(IV) dichloride porphyrin as the electron acceptor (Fortage et al. Chem. Commun. 2007, 4629). The results for ZnPc-OPE-AuP(+) indicate a remarkably strong electronic coupling over a distance of more than 3 nm. The electronic coupling is manifested in both the absorption spectrum and an ultrafast rate for photoinduced electron transfer (k(PET) = 1.0 × 10(12) s(-1)). The charge-shifted state in ZnPc-OPE-AuP(+) recombines with a relatively low rate (k(BET) = 1.0 × 10(9) s(-1)). In contrast, the rate for charge transfer in the other dyad, ZnPc-OPE-C(60), is relatively slow (k(PET) = 1.1 × 10(9) s(-1)), while the recombination is very fast (k(BET) ≈ 5 × 10(10) s(-1)). TD-DFT calculations support the hypothesis that the long-lived charge-shifted state of ZnPc-OPE-AuP(+) is due to relaxation of the reduced gold porphyrin from a porphyrin ring based reduction to a gold centered reduction. This is in contrast to the faster recombination in the tin(IV) porphyrin based system (k(BET) = 1.2 × 10(10) s(-1)), where the excess electron is instead delocalized over the porphyrin ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Göransson
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Abouelwafa AS, Anson CE, Hauser A, Patterson HH, Baril-Robert F, Li X, Powell AK. Photophysical Properties of {[Au(CN)2]−}2 Dimers Trapped in a Supramolecular Electron-Acceptor Organic Framework. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1294-301. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201109u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Abouelwafa
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3840, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Département
de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest
Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E. Anson
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Département
de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest
Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Howard H. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, United States
| | | | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, United States
| | - Annie K. Powell
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3840, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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48
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Kullmann M, Hipke A, Nuernberger P, Bruhn T, Götz DCG, Sekita M, Guldi DM, Bringmann G, Brixner T. Ultrafast exciton dynamics after Soret- or Q-band excitation of a directly β,β′-linked bisporphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8038-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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Sugunan SK, Robotham B, Sloan RP, Szmytkowski J, Ghiggino KP, Paige MF, Steer RP. Photophysics of Untethered ZnTPP–Fullerene Complexes in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12217-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2082853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunish K. Sugunan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Benjamin Robotham
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ryan P. Sloan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Jędrzej Szmytkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Kenneth P. Ghiggino
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew F. Paige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Ronald P. Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
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50
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Horke DA, Roberts GM, Verlet JRR. Excited states in electron-transfer reaction products: ultrafast relaxation dynamics of an isolated acceptor radical anion. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8369-74. [PMID: 21682320 DOI: 10.1021/jp2038202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy and ultrafast relaxation dynamics of excited states of the radical anion of a representative charge-transfer acceptor molecule, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, have been studied in the gas phase using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoelectron spectra reveal that at least two anion excited states are bound. Time-resolved studies show that both excited states are very short-lived and internally convert to the anion ground state, with the lower energy state relaxing within 200 fs and a near-threshold valence-excited state relaxing on a 60 fs time scale. These excited states, and in particular the valence-excited state, present efficient pathways for electron-transfer reactions in the highly exergonic inverted region which commonly displays rates exceeding predictions from electron-transfer theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Horke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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