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Kamata K, Yoshioka R, Akai N, Nakata M. Visible-light-Induced Reaction of an Ozone–Trimethylamine Complex Studied by Matrix-Isolation IR and Visible Absorption Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9973-9979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kamata
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Rengo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Akai
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Munetaka Nakata
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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2
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Tendo S, Kohguchi H, Yamasaki K. Detection of atomic oxygen O(3P ) with vacuum ultraviolet emission subsequent to two-photon absorption. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Kamata K, Akai N, Nakata M. Red-light induced photoreaction of ozone-dimethylamine complex; matrix-isolation infrared spectra of dimethylamine-N-oxide and N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Ab initio quantum mechanical study of the O((1)D) formation in the photolysis of ozone between 300 and 330 nm. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9809-19. [PMID: 20509638 DOI: 10.1021/jp1028849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin-allowed production of O((1)D) in the near-UV photolysis of ozone is studied using ab initio potential energy surfaces and quantum mechanics. The O((1)D) quantum yield, reconstructed from the absolute cross sections for eight initial vibrational states in the ground electronic state, is shown to agree with the measurements in a broad range of photolysis wavelengths and temperatures. Relative contributions of one- and two-quantum stretching and bending initial excitations are quantified, with the contribution of the antisymmetric stretch being dominant for lambda < 330 nm. Large scale structures in the low-resolution quantum yield are shown to reflect excitations in the high-frequency short bond stretch in the upper electronic state. Spin-forbidden contribution to the O((1)D) quantum yield at wavelengths lambda > 320 nm is estimated using ab initio energies of the triplet states and their spin-orbit couplings.
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PALMER MICHAELH, NELSON ALISTAIRD. An ab initio molecular orbital study of the electronically excited and cationic states of the ozone molecule and a comparison with spectral data. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/0026897021000014893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MICHAEL H. PALMER
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , West Mains Road, Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , Scotland, UK
| | - ALISTAIR D. NELSON
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , West Mains Road, Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , Scotland, UK
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Horrocks SJ, Ritchie GAD, Sharples TR. Probing the O2 (a 1Delta g) photofragment following ozone dissociation within the long wavelength tail of the Hartley band. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:044308. [PMID: 17286471 DOI: 10.1063/1.2429656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) has been used in conjunction with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), to investigate the dynamics of ozone photolysis in the long wavelength region of the Hartley band (301-311 nm). Specifically, both the translational anisotropy and the rotational angular momentum orientation of the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g); nu=0, J=16-20) fragments have been measured as a function of photolysis wavelength. Within this region, the thermodynamic thresholds for the formation of these products in combination with O ((1)D(2)) are approached and passed, and consequently these studies have allowed an investigation into the effects on the dynamics of slowing fragment recoil velocities and the increasing importance of vibrationally mediated photolysis. The determined beta parameters for all the J states probed follow a similar trend, decreasing from a value typical for the initial (1)B(2)<--(1)A(1) excitation responsible for the Hartley band [for example, beta=1.40+/-0.12 for the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g); J=18) fragment], to a much lower value beyond the thermodynamic threshold for the fragment's production (for example, beta=0.63+/-0.19 for the J=18 fragment following photolysis at 311 nm). This trend, similar to that observed when probing the atomic fragment in a previous set of experiments, [Horrocks et al., J. Chem. Phys. 125, 133313 (2006); Denzer et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 1954 (2006)] is consistent with the photodissociation of vibrationally excited ozone molecules beyond the threshold wavelengths and we estimate approximately 1/3 of this to be from excitation in the nu(3) asymmetric stretching mode. These observations are substantiated by the values of the beta(0) (2)(2,1) orientation moment measured, which for photolysis at 301 nm are negative, indicating that a bond opening mechanism provides the key torque for the departing O(2) fragment. The orientation moment becomes positive again for photolysis beyond threshold, however, as the increasing impulsive dissociation again begins to dominate the nature of the rotation of the departing molecular fragment. In addition, a (2+2) REMPI scheme has been utilized to probe the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g)) "low" J fragments, where the majority of the population resides following photolysis within this region. The REMPI-TOFMS technique has been used to confirm the rotational character of a spectral feature through examination of the signal line shapes obtained using different experimental geometries. The dynamical information subsequently obtained, probing the "low" J O(2) (a (1)Delta(g)) fragments on these rotational transitions, has unified previous translational anisotropy results obtained by detecting the O ((1)D(2)) atomic fragment with data for the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g); J=16-20) fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Horrocks
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Horrocks SJ, Pearson PJ, Ritchie GAD. Vector properties of the O(D21) fragment produced from the photolysis of ozone in the wavelength range of 298to320nm. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133313. [PMID: 17029466 DOI: 10.1063/1.2201746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The speed averaged translational anisotropy and electronic angular momentum polarization of the O(1D2) atomic fragment formed from the photodissociation of ozone in the atmospherically important long wavelength region of the Hartley band (298 to 320 nm) have been measured using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The translational anisotropy parameter, beta, is found to decline from 1.1 for photolysis at 300 nm to a minimum value of 0 at 310 nm which is the threshold for production of O(1D2) in conjunction with the O2(a 1Deltag v = 0) molecular cofragment. For photolysis wavelengths greater than 310 nm, O(1D2) is formed from the dissociation of internally excited ozone molecules. The corresponding beta parameters are markedly lower than for atomic fragments produced with the same speed from the photolysis of ground state ozone molecules. This result is consistent with two different pathways contributing to the photolysis of internally excited ozone at the longest wavelengths studied corresponding to initial internal excitation either in the symmetric or asymmetric stretching vibration. In addition, the polarization of the atomic angular momentum has been determined with the incoherent polarization parameters a0(2)(||) and a0(2)(_|) increasing from values of -0.53 and -0.62 at 300 nm to -0.37 and -0.19 at 317 nm, consistent with the increasing contribution from the photolysis of internally excited ozone as the dissociation wavelength lengthens. Evaluation of these alignment parameters allows the populations of the magnetic substrates, mj, to be determined. For example, for a photolysis wavelength of 303 nm the populations of mj = 0, +/- 1, +/- 2 are in the ratio of 0.36: 0.56: 0.08 and this ratio is essentially independent of the photolysis wavelength. The coherent contribution to the atomic polarization is quantified by the Re{a1(2)(||, _|)} and Im{a1(1)(||, _|)} parameters and these are found to vary from -0.21 and 0.21 at 300 nm to -0.04 and 0.24 at 313 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Horrocks
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Takahashi K, Takeuchi Y, Matsumi Y. Rate constants of the O(1D) reactions with N2, O2, N2O, and H2O at 295K. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Takahashi K, Hayashi S, Suzuki T, Matsumi Y. Accurate Determination of the Absolute Quantum Yield for O(1D) Formation in the Photolysis of Ozone at 308 nm. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0469259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hayashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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Nishida S, Taketani F, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y. Quantum Yield for O(1D) Production from Ozone Photolysis in the Wavelength Range of 193−225 nm. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049979r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishida
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Taketani
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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Nishida S, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Taniguchi N, Hayashida S. Formation of O(3P) Atoms in the Photolysis of N2O at 193 nm and O(3P) + N2O Product Channel in the Reaction of O(1D) + N2O. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037034o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Hofzumahaus A. Photolysis frequency of O3to O(1D): Measurements and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M. Photolysis of Atmospheric Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4767-82. [PMID: 14664632 DOI: 10.1021/cr0205255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toyokawa 442-8505, Japan.
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Sadanaga Y, Matsumoto J, Kajii Y. Photochemical reactions in the urban air: Recent understandings of radical chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Cantrell CA. Overview and conclusions of the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI) study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Shetter RE, Cinquini L, Lefer BL, Hall SR, Madronich S. Comparison of airborne measured and calculated spectral actinic flux and derived photolysis frequencies during the PEM Tropics B mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Balis DS. Measurements and modeling of photolysis rates during the Photochemical Activity and Ultraviolet Radiation (PAUR) II campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Matsumi Y. Quantum yields for production of O(1D) in the ultraviolet photolysis of ozone: Recommendation based on evaluation of laboratory data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Taniguchi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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Taniguchi N, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Houston PL. Determination of the heat of formation of O3 using vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and two-dimensional product imaging techniques. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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O’Keeffe P, Ridley T, Lawley KP, Maier RRJ, Donovan RJ. Kinetic energy analysis of O(3P0) and O2(b 1Σg+) fragments produced by photolysis of ozone in the Huggins bands. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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O'Keeffe P, Ridley T, Wang S, Lawley KP, Donovan RJ. Photodissociation of ozone between 335 and 352 nm to give O2(b1Σ+g)+O(3PJ). Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Denzer W, Hancock G, Pinot de Moira JC, Tyley PL. Spin-forbidden dissociation of ozone in the Huggins bands. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Takahashi K, Taniguchi N, Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M, Ashfold MNR. Wavelength and temperature dependence of the absolute O(1D) production yield from the 305–329 nm photodissociation of ozone. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Jaegle L, Jacob DJ, Hintsa EJ, Lanzendorf EJ, Anderson JG, Gao R, Keim ER, Donnelly SG, Negro LAD, Fahey DW, McKeen SA, Salawitch RJ, Webster CR, May RD, Herman RL, Proffitt MH, Margitan JJ, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Flocke F, McElroy CT, Bui TP. Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere. Science 1998; 279:49-53. [PMID: 9417019 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5347.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region of the atmosphere. Comparison of the measured concentrations of OH and HO2 with calculations based on their production from water vapor, ozone, and methane demonstrate that these sources are insufficient to explain the observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere. The photolysis of carbonyl and peroxide compounds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to sustain the measured abundances of these radical species. The mechanism by which NO affects the production of O3 is also illustrated by the measurements. In the upper tropospheric air masses sampled, the production rate for ozone (determined from the measured concentrations of HO2 and NO) is calculated to be about 1 part per billion by volume each day. This production rate is faster than previously thought and implies that anthropogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will lead to production of more O3 than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- PO Wennberg
- P. O. Wennberg, T. F. Hanisco, E. J. Hintsa, E. J. Lanzendorf, J. G. Anderson, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. L. Ja
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Denzer W, Hancock G, Pinot de Moira JC, Tyley PL. Direct observation of spin-forbidden formation of O(1D) in the near-UV photolysis of ozone. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kawasaki M. Photochemistry relating to atmospheric reactions in the stratosphere. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Takahashi K, Kishigami M, Taniguchi N, Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M. Photofragment excitation spectrum for O(1D)from the photodissociation of jet-cooled ozone in the wavelength range 305–329 nm. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Relative quantum yields for O1D production in the photolysis of ozone between 301 and 336 nm: evidence for the participation of a spin-forbidden channel. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Ball SM, Hancock G, Martin SE, Pinot de Moira JC. A direct measurement of the O(1D) quantum yields from the photodissociation of ozone between 300 and 328 nm. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Takahashi K, Kishigami M, Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M, Orr‐Ewing AJ. Observation of the spin‐forbidden O(1D)+O2(X 3Σg−) channel in the 317–327 nm photolysis of ozone. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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