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Abstract
Chemical kinetics and chemical dynamics are distinct but related topics. They arise again in contemporary physical chemistry often in terms of charge carrier processes in new materials which interconvert light and electrical energy on a distribution of time scales. With this recent rise in the application of concepts in kinetics and dynamics to new problems, there has also arisen confusion about the differences and connections between the two. Here, we briefly review the relationship between kinetics and dynamics in chemical processes, with particular emphasis on the photochemical and photophysical response of a system.
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Lee C, Lin YC, Lee SH, Lee YY, Tseng CM, Lee YT, Ni CK. Advantage of spatial map ion imaging in the study of large molecule photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tseh Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ni
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Balucani N, Zhang F, Kaiser RI. Elementary Reactions of Boron Atoms with Hydrocarbons—Toward the Formation of Organo-Boron Compounds. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5107-27. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fangtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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Kaiser RI, Maksyutenko P, Ennis C, Zhang F, Gu X, Krishtal SP, Mebel AM, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Untangling the chemical evolution of Titan's atmosphere and surface–from homogeneous to heterogeneous chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2010; 147:429-78; discussion 527-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c003599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de Miranda MP, Kendrick BK. Single-Parameter Quantification of the Sensitivity of a Molecular Collision to Molecular Polarization. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14943-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P. de Miranda
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Theoretical Division (T-1, MS-B268), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Brian K. Kendrick
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Theoretical Division (T-1, MS-B268), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Gu X, Kaiser RI, Mebel AM. Chemistry of energetically activated cumulenes - from allene (H2CCCH2) to hexapentaene (H2CCCCCCH2). Chemphyschem 2008; 9:350-69. [PMID: 18275046 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, experimental and theoretical studies on the unimolecular decomposition of cumulenes (H(2)C(n)H(2)) from propadiene (H(2)CCCH(2)) to hexapentaene (H(2)CCCCCCH(2)) have received considerable attention due to the importance of these carbon-bearing molecules in combustion flames, chemical vapor deposition processes, atmospheric chemistry, and the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Cumulenes and their substituted counterparts also have significant technical potential as elements for molecular machines (nanomechanics), molecular wires (nano-electronics), nonlinear optics, and molecular sensors. In this review, we present a systematic overview of the stability, formation, and unimolecular decomposition of chemically, photo-chemically, and thermally activated small to medium-sized cumulenes in extreme environments. By concentrating on reactions under gas phase thermal conditions (pyrolysis) and on molecular beam experiments conducted under single-collision conditions (crossed beam and photodissociation studies), a comprehensive picture on the unimolecular decomposition dynamics of cumulenes transpires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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8
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Golan A, Rosenwaks S, Bar I. Molecular Dynamics of Methylamine Following CH and NH Vibrational Excitation and Promotion to the à State. Isr J Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1560/ijc.47.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Aldegunde J, Alvariño JM, Kendrick BK, Sáez Rábanos V, de Miranda MP, Aoiz FJ. Analysis of the H + D2reaction mechanism through consideration of the intrinsic reactant polarisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4881-96. [PMID: 17066178 DOI: 10.1039/b609363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of reactant polarisation on the dynamics of the title reaction at collision energies up to 1.6 eV is analysed in depth. The analysis takes advantage of two novel theoretical concepts: intrinsic reaction properties and stereodynamical portraits. Exact quantum methods are used to determine the polarisation moments that quantify the intrinsic reactant polarisation at various levels of detail, including or not product state and/or scattering angle resolution. The data is then examined with the aid of stereodynamical portraits, which facilitate the rationalisation of the stereochemical effects that are relevant for the reaction dynamics. This allows for detailed characterisations of the so-called direct and delayed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aldegunde
- Grupo de Dinámica Molecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Aldegunde J, de Miranda MP, Haigh JM, Kendrick BK, Saez-Rabanos V, Aoiz FJ. How Reactants Polarization Can Be Used to Change and Unravel Chemical Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6200-17. [PMID: 16833960 DOI: 10.1021/jp0512208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article presents theoretical methods for the description of the directional effect of reactant rotation on the reactivity of atom-diatom systems and suggests an experiment that could be used to test theoretical predictions. The theory can be used in conjunction with both quantum reactive scattering and quasiclassical trajectory calculations, and is stated in general terms, which allows it to deal with arbitrary reactant polarizations. The illustrative results obtained for the benchmark H + D2 reaction are also presented and show that under experimentally achievable conditions one can largely control reactive cross sections and product state distributions, while at the same time gaining valuable and at times surprising information on the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Aldegunde
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Wills J, Pagliarulo F, Baguenard B, Lépine F, Bordas C. Time and kinetic energy resolved delayed electron emission in small carbon cluster anions. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaufmann O, Ekers A, Bergmann K, Bezuglov N, Miculis K, Auzinsh M, Meyer W. Velocity redistribution of excited atoms by radiative excitation transfer. I. Experimental demonstration by photodissociation of Na2 and field-free imaging. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Brouard M, Patrick O'Keeffe, and, Vallance C. Product State Resolved Dynamics of Elementary Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp015530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brouard
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Patrick O'Keeffe, and
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Claire Vallance
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K
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Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Houston PL. The energy distribution, angular distribution, and alignment of the O(1D2) fragment from the photodissociation of ozone between 235 and 305 nm. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1405439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sato
- Laser Photochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry for Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Mi'e University, 1515 Kamihamacho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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Abstract
The application of coincidence techniques to the study of the reaction dynamics of isolated molecules is reviewed. Coincidence spectroscopy is a powerful approach for carrying out a number of measurements. At its most basic level, coincidence techniques can identify the source of a specific signal, as in the well-known photoelectron-photoion coincidence approach used for several years. By carrying out coincidence experiments in an increasingly differential manner, correlated energy and angular distributions of reaction products may be recorded. Completely energy- and angle-resolved measurements of photoelectrons and ionic or neutral products can reveal molecular-frame photoelectron and photofragment angular distributions and aid in the characterization of dissociative states of molecules and ions. Recent work in this area is reviewed, including examples from studies of dissociative photodetachment, dissociative photoionization, time-resolved studies of dissociative photoionization, and three-body dissociation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Continetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, USA.
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Wrede E, Laubach S, Schulenburg S, Brown A, Wouters ER, Orr-Ewing AJ, Ashfold MNR. Continuum state spectroscopy: A high resolution ion imaging study of IBr photolysis in the wavelength range 440–685 nm. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1337049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Lara M, Aguado A, Paniagua M, Roncero O. State-to-state reaction probabilities using bond coordinates: Application to the Li+HF(v, j) collision. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Velocity map imaging of the near-threshold photodissociation of IBr: accurate determination of De(I–Br). Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Taniguchi N, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Houston PL. Determination of the heat of formation of O3 using vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and two-dimensional product imaging techniques. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
▪ Abstract This article reviews recent progress in our understanding of gas-phase neutral reaction dynamics as made possible by improvements in the crossed molecular beam scattering technique for measuring reactive differential cross sections. A selection of crossed-beam studies on systems that play a fundamental role in our basic understanding of reaction phenomena are discussed to illustrate the capabilities of the experimental method. The examples include benchmark atom-diatom abstraction and insertion reactions, and four-atom radical reactions for which state-to-state, state-resolved, or state-averaged differential cross sections have recently been measured. The results are discussed in the light of the latest related theoretical developments regarding the treatment of potential energy surfaces and the dynamics of the systems. Recent results on crossed-beam studies of chemically relevant reactions of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are also reviewed, and the latest developments in the technique are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casavecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Clary
- The author is in the Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H OAJ, UK
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Chen KM. Laser Detection of Reaction Products: Slicing versus Projection Techniques. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Samartzis PC, Bakker BLG, Rakitzis TP, Parker DH, Kitsopoulos TN. Spin-orbit branching ratios for the Cl atom photofragments following the excitation of Cl2 from 310 to 470 nm. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bise RT, Choi H, Pedersen HB, Mordaunt DH, Neumark DM. Photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of the methylthio radical (CH3S). J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Eppink ATJB, Parker DH. Methyl iodide A-band decomposition study by photofragment velocity imaging. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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de Miranda MP, Clary DC, Castillo JF, Manolopoulos DE. Using quantum rotational polarization moments to describe the stereodynamics of the H+D2(v=0,j=0)→HD(v′,j′)+D reaction. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Müller T, Wasserman TAW, Vaccaro PH, Johnson BR. Anisotropy-induced polarization effects in degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy: A new scheme for probing molecular orientation and alignment. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Samartzis PC, Sakellariou I, Gougousi T, Kitsopoulos TN. Photofragmentation study of Cl2 using ion imaging. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Longley EJ, Siska PE. Angle-energy distributions of Penning ions in crossed molecular beams. III. Angle-energy coupling in He*(2 1S,2 3S)+Ar→He+Ar++e−. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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North SW, Hall GE. Vector and scalar correlations in statistical dissociation: The photodissociation of NCCN at 193 nm. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bradley Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Ian W. M. Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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