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Womack CC, Chace WS, Wang S, Baasandorj M, Fibiger DL, Franchin A, Goldberger L, Harkins C, Jo DS, Lee BH, Lin JC, McDonald BC, McDuffie EE, Middlebrook AM, Moravek A, Murphy JG, Neuman JA, Thornton JA, Veres PR, Brown SS. Midlatitude Ozone Depletion and Air Quality Impacts from Industrial Halogen Emissions in the Great Salt Lake Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1870-1881. [PMID: 36695819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report aircraft observations of extreme levels of HCl and the dihalogens Cl2, Br2, and BrCl in an industrial plume near the Great Salt Lake, Utah. Complete depletion of O3 was observed concurrently with halogen enhancements as a direct result of photochemically produced halogen radicals. Observed fluxes for Cl2, HCl, and NOx agreed with facility-reported emissions inventories. Bromine emissions are not required to be reported in the inventory, but are estimated as 173 Mg year-1 Br2 and 949 Mg year-1 BrCl, representing a major uncounted oxidant source. A zero-dimensional photochemical box model reproduced the observed O3 depletions and demonstrated that bromine radical cycling was principally responsible for the rapid O3 depletion. Inclusion of observed halogen emissions in both the box model and a 3D chemical model showed significant increases in oxidants and particulate matter (PM2.5) in the populated regions of the Great Salt Lake Basin, where winter PM2.5 is among the most severe air quality issues in the U.S. The model shows regional PM2.5 increases of 10%-25% attributable to this single industrial halogen source, demonstrating the impact of underreported industrial bromine emissions on oxidation sources and air quality within a major urban area of the western U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Womack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Wyndom S Chace
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts01267, United States
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Munkhbayar Baasandorj
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah84112, United States
| | - Dorothy L Fibiger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Alessandro Franchin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Lexie Goldberger
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Colin Harkins
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Duseong S Jo
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado80307, United States
| | - Ben H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - John C Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah84112, United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Erin E McDuffie
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Ann M Middlebrook
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Alexander Moravek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jennifer G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A1, Canada
| | - J Andrew Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Patrick R Veres
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado80305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
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Tang YH, Yang P, Chen MY, Wang YR, Wang JX, Xu JW. Delocalized π36 bond in OX 2 (X=halogen) molecules. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2006101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OX2 (X=halogen) molecules was studied theoretically. Calculation results show that delocalized [Formula: see text] bonds exist in their electronic structures and O atoms adopt the sp2 type of hybridization, which violates the prediction of the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory of sp3 type. Delocalization stabilization energy is proposed to measure the contribution of delocalized [Formula: see text] bond to energy decrease and proves to bring extra-stability to the molecule. These phenomena can be summarized as a kind of coordinating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-han Tang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-ru Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jia-xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-wei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex System, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry, the journal (Volume 26, 2015, Issues 1–2) and the discipline. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Shallcross DE, Leather KE, Bacak A, Xiao P, Lee EPF, Ng M, Mok DKW, Dyke JM, Hossaini R, Chipperfield MP, Khan MAH, Percival CJ. Reaction between CH3O2 and BrO Radicals: A New Source of Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere Hydroxyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4618-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5108203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberley E. Leather
- School
of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Asan Bacak
- School
of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ping Xiao
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Edmond P. F. Lee
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Maggie Ng
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel K. W. Mok
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - John M. Dyke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ryan Hossaini
- School
of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | | - M. Anwar H. Khan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Carl J. Percival
- School
of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Lesar A, Hodošček M. Electronically excited states of XOONO (X=Cl, Br): theoretical studies. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970902865485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Walsh R, Golden DM. Evaluation of Data for Atmospheric Models: Master Equation/RRKM Calculations on the Combination Reaction, BrO + NO2 → BrONO2, a Conundrum. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3891-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Golden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Marshall P. Computational Studies of the Thermochemistry of the Atmospheric Iodine Reservoirs HOI and IONO2. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bryukov MG, Vidrine RG, Dellinger B. Temperature-Dependent Kinetics Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH with n- and i-Propyl Bromide. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6197-203. [PMID: 17595069 DOI: 10.1021/jp072693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental, temperature-dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl radical with n-propyl bromide, OH+n-C3H7Br-->products (reaction 1), and i-propyl bromide, OH+i-C3H7Br-->products (reaction 2), has been performed over wide ranges of temperatures 297-725 and 297-715 K, respectively, and at pressures between 6.67 and 26.76 kPa by a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser-induced fluorescence technique. Data sets of absolute bimolecular rate coefficients obtained in this study for reactions 1 and 2 demonstrate no correlation with pressure and exhibit positive temperature dependencies that can be represented with modified three-parameter Arrhenius expressions within their corresponding experimental temperature ranges: k1(T)=(1.32x10(-17))T1.95 exp(+25/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 1 and k2(T)=(1.56x10(-24))T4.18exp(+922/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 2. The present results, which extend the current kinetics data base of reactions 1 and 2 to high temperatures, are compared with those from previous works. On the basis of the present data and available data from previous studies, the following bimolecular rate coefficient temperature dependencies can be recommended for the purpose of kinetic modeling: k1(T)=(1.89x10(-19))T2.54exp(+301/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for reaction 1 in a temperature range 210-725 K, and k2(T)=(2.83x10(-21))T3.1exp(+521/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and k2(T)=(4.54x10(-24))T4.03exp(+860/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 2 in temperature ranges 210-480 and 297-715 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Bryukov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Bryukov MG, Dellinger B, Knyazev VD. Kinetic study of the gas-phase reaction of OH with Br2. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:9169-74. [PMID: 16854030 PMCID: PMC3171750 DOI: 10.1021/jp061038m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An experimental, temperature-dependent kinetic study of the gas-phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical with molecular bromine (reaction 1) has been performed by using a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed-laser-induced fluorescence technique over a wide temperature range of 297-766 K, and at pressures between 6.68 and 40.29 kPa of helium. The experimental rate coefficients for reaction 1 demonstrate no correlation with pressure and exhibit a negative temperature dependence with a slight negative curvature in the Arrhenius plot. A nonlinear least-squares fit with two floating parameters of the temperature-dependent k(1)(T) data set using an equation of the form k(1)(T) = AT(n) yields the recommended expression k(1)(T) = (1.85 x 10(-9))T(-0.66) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for the temperature dependence of the reaction 1 rate coefficient. The potential energy surface (PES) of reaction 1 was investigated with use of quantum chemistry methods. The reaction proceeds through formation of a weakly bound OH...Br(2) complex and a PES saddle point with an energy below that of the reactants. Temperature dependence of the reaction rate coefficient was modeled by using the RRKM method on the basis of the calculated PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Bryukov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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11
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Takhistov V, Golovin A. Thermochemistry of organic, heteroorganic and inorganic species. XV. The enthalpies of formation for halogenides of main group elements. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Papayannis DK, Kosmas AM. The conformational potential energy surface of IOONO and the isomerization and decomposition processes. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Yang X, Cox RA, Warwick NJ, Pyle JA, Carver GD, O'Connor FM, Savage NH. Tropospheric bromine chemistry and its impacts on ozone: A model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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15
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Parthiban S, Lee TJ, Guha S, Francisco JS. Theoretical study of chlorine nitrates: implications for stratospheric chlorine chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:10446-58. [PMID: 12926970 DOI: 10.1021/ja010297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is a theoretical study of possible stratospheric chlorine reservoir species including isomers of chemical formula ClNO(4) and ClNO(5), in addition to the well-known ClONO(2) reservoir species. Density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with large one-particle basis sets has been used to determine equilibrium structures, dipole moments, rotational constants, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities. The B3LYP functional was used since it has previously been shown to perform well for similar compounds. The equilibrium geometry and vibrational spectra of ClONO(2) are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data and also with high-level coupled-cluster calculations reported previously. Three stable isomers have been identified for each ClNO(4) and ClNO(5). The vibrational spectrum of O(2)ClONO(2) has been compared with the available experimental data and found to be in good agreement. The relative energetics of the ClNO(4) and ClNO(5) isomers have been determined using large atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis sets in conjunction with the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational correction for triple excitations, denoted CCSD(T). Accurate heats of formation have been evaluated by computing energies for isodesmic reactions involving the ClNO(4) and ClNO(5) isomers. The stability of these molecules with respect to thermal dissociation is examined. The present study suggests that isomers of ClNO(4) and ClNO(5) may have no atmospheric chemical relevance because the atmospheric concentrations of the necessary reactants are insufficient, but it is also found that under laboratory conditions the formation of O(2)ClONO(2) cannot be ignored.
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Zou P, Derecskei-Kovacs A, North SW. Theoretical Calculation of ClONO2 and BrONO2 Bond Dissociation Energies. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021961y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zou
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, P. O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Agnes Derecskei-Kovacs
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, P. O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Simon W. North
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, P. O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842
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Lesar A, Prebil S, Mühlhäuser M, Hodošček M. Conformational potential energy surface of BrOONO. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Rivière ED, Pirre M, Berthet G, Renard JB, Taupin FG, Huret N, Chartier M, Knudsen B, Lefèvre F. On the interaction between nitrogen and halogen species in the Arctic polar vortex during THESEO and THESEO 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Rivière
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - M. Pirre
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - G. Berthet
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - J.-B. Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - F. G. Taupin
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - N. Huret
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - M. Chartier
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - B. Knudsen
- Danish Meteorological Institute; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Lefèvre
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
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19
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Zou P, Kim H, North SW. The ultraviolet photodissociation of jet-cooled ClO and BrO radicals. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1448282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Soller R, Nicovich JM, Wine PH. Temperature-Dependent Rate Coefficients for the Reactions of Br(2P3/2), Cl(2P3/2), and O(3PJ) with BrONO2. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001947q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Soller
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - J. M. Nicovich
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - P. H. Wine
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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21
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Parthiban S, Lee TJ. Theoretical study of XONO2 (X=Br, OBr, O2Br): Implications for stratospheric bromine chemistry. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Parthiban S, Lee TJ. Ab initio investigation of the atmospheric molecule bromine nitrate: Equilibrium structure, vibrational spectrum, and heat of formation. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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23
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Colussi AJ, Grela MA. Thermochemical kinetics of bromine nitrate, bromine nitrite, halogen hydroperoxides, dichlorine pentoxide, peroxycarboxylic acids, and diacyl peroxides. INT J CHEM KINET 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4601(1998)30:1<41::aid-kin5>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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