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Graphite-supported platinum-palladium bimetallic catalyst for aromatic hydrogenation of 4-propylphenol in aqueous ethanol solution under free-external hydrogen source. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Nagasawa Y, Kusumawati EN, Nanao H, Sasaki T, Sato O, Yamaguchi A, Shirai M. 4-Propylphenol Hydrogenation over Pt-Pd Bimetallic Catalyst in Aqueous Ethanol Solution without External Hydrogen. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nagasawa
- Chemistry course, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Etty Nurlia Kusumawati
- Chemistry course, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nanao
- Chemistry course, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
| | - Aritomo Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirai
- Chemistry course, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
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3
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Treatment of disorder effects in X-ray absorption spectra beyond the conventional approach. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Zhao Q, Wang C, Wang H, Wang J, Tang Y, Mao Z, Sasaki K. Synthesis of a high-performance low-platinum PtAg/C alloyed oxygen reduction catalyst through the gradual reduction method. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A low-platinum PtAg/C catalyst with excellent ORR activity and durability in acid is demonstrated to be promising for ORR catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology
- INET
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology
- INET
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | | | - Jianlong Wang
- Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology
- INET
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology
- INET
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zongqiang Mao
- Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology
- INET
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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5
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Farsi L, Deskins NA. First principles analysis of surface dependent segregation in bimetallic alloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23626-23637. [PMID: 31624817 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stability is an important aspect of alloys, and proposed alloys may be unstable due to unfavorable atomic interactions. Segregation of an alloy may occur preferentially at specific exposed surfaces, which could affect the alloy's structure since certain surfaces may become enriched in certain elements. Using density functional theory (DFT), we modeled surface segregation in bimetallic alloys involving all transition metals doped in Pt, Pd, Ir, and Rh. We not only modeled common (111) surfaces of such alloys, but we also modeled (100), (110), and (210) facets of such alloys. Segregation is more preferred for early and late transition metals, with middle transition metals being most stable within the parent metal. We find these general trends in segregation energies for the parent metals: Pt > Rh > Pd > Ir. A comparison of different surfaces suggests no consistent trends across the different parent hosts, but segregation energies can vary up to 2 eV depending on the exposed surface. We also developed a statistical model to predict surface-dependent segregation energies. Our model is able to distinguish segregation at different surfaces (as opposed to generic segregation common in previous models), and agrees well with the DFT data. The present study provides valuable information about surface-dependent segregation and helps explain why certain alloy structures occur (e.g. core-shell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Farsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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6
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Timoshenko J, Duan Z, Henkelman G, Crooks RM, Frenkel AI. Solving the Structure and Dynamics of Metal Nanoparticles by Combining X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and Atomistic Structure Simulations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:501-522. [PMID: 30699037 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is a premiere method for analysis of the structure and structural transformation of nanoparticles. Extraction of analytical information about the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of metal-metal bonds from EXAFS spectra requires special care due to their markedly non-bulk-like character. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the first-principles modeling of structure and properties of nanoparticles. In this review, we summarize new approaches for EXAFS data analysis that incorporate particle structure modeling into the process of structural refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timoshenko
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;
| | - Z Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;
- Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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7
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van Muyden AP, Siankevich S, Yan N, Dyson PJ. Discovery of a Highly Active Catalyst for Hydrogenolysis of C−O Bonds via Systematic, Multi‐metallic Catalyst Screening. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P. van Muyden
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sviatlana Siankevich
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ning Yan
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Singapore (NUS) 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road 119077 Singapore
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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9
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Al-Shareef R, Harb M, Saih Y, Ould-Chikh S, Roldan MA, Anjum DH, Guyonnet E, Candy JP, Jan DY, Abdo SF, Aguilar-Tapia A, Proux O, Hazemann JL, Basset JM. Understanding of the structure activity relationship of PtPd bimetallic catalysts prepared by surface organometallic chemistry and ion exchange during the reaction of iso-butane with hydrogen. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Furukawa S, Komatsu T. Intermetallic Compounds: Promising Inorganic Materials for Well-Structured and Electronically Modified Reaction Environments for Efficient Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 152-8550
| | - Takayuki Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 152-8550
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11
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Wong AP, Kyriakidou EA, Toops TJ, Regalbuto JR. The catalytic behavior of precisely synthesized Pt–Pd bimetallic catalysts for use as diesel oxidation catalysts. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Liao H, Fisher A, Xu ZJ. Surface Segregation in Bimetallic Nanoparticles: A Critical Issue in Electrocatalyst Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3221-46. [PMID: 25823964 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles are a class of important electrocatalyst. They exhibit a synergistic effect that critically depends on the surface composition, which determines the surface properties and the adsorption/desorption behavior of the reactants and intermediates during catalysis. The surface composition can be varied, as nanoparticles are exposed to certain environments through surface segregation. Thermodynamically, this is caused by a difference in surface energy between the two metals. It may lead to the enrichment of one metal on the surface and the other in the core. The external conditions that influence the surface energy may lead to the variation of the thermodynamic steady state of the particle surface and, thus, offer a chance to vary the surface composition. In this review, the most recent and important progress in surface segregation of bimetallic nanoparticles and its impact in electrocatalysis are introduced. Typical segregation inducements and surface characterization techniques are discussed in detail. It is concluded that surface segregation is a critical issue when designing bimetallic catalysts. It is necessary to explore methods to control it and utilize it as a way towards producing robust, bimetallic electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute@NTU, ERI@NNanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute@NTU, ERI@NNanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Solar Fuels Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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13
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Anderson RM, Zhang L, Loussaert JA, Frenkel AI, Henkelman G, Crooks RM. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the inversion of pd@pt core@shell dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9345-9353. [PMID: 24088084 DOI: 10.1021/nn4040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic PdPt dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) having sizes of about 2 nm were synthesized by a homogeneous route that involved (1) formation of a Pd core, (2) deposition of a Cu shell onto the Pd core in the presence of H2 gas, and (3) galvanic exchange of Pt for the Cu shell. Under these conditions, a Pd@Pt core@shell DEN is anticipated, but detailed characterization by in-situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and other analytical methods indicate that the metals invert to yield a Pt-rich core with primarily Pd in the shell. The experimental findings correlate well with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. Theory suggests that the increased disorder associated with <~2 nm diameter nanoparticles, along with the relatively large number of edge and corner sites, drives the structural rearrangement. This type of rearrangement is not observed on larger nanoparticles or in bulk metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Texas Materials Institute, §Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, 105 East 24th Street Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Li T, Bagot P, Marquis E, Edman Tsang S, Smith G. Atomic engineering of platinum alloy surfaces. Ultramicroscopy 2013; 132:205-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Sabbe MK, Laín L, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. Benzene adsorption on binary Pt3M alloys and surface alloys: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12197-214. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Bimetallic Pt–Pd/silica–alumina hydrotreating catalysts – Part I: Physicochemical characterization. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Phase change of bimetallic PdCo electrocatalysts caused by different heat-treatment temperatures: Effect on oxygen reduction reaction activity. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Duan Z, Wang G. Monte Carlo simulation of surface segregation phenomena in extended and nanoparticle surfaces of Pt-Pd alloys. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:475301. [PMID: 22075765 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/47/475301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The surface segregation phenomena in the extended and nanoparticle surfaces of Pt-Pd alloys have been studied using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method and the modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potentials developed for Pt-Pd alloys. The MEAM potentials were fitted to reproduce the experimental values of the lattice parameters, cohesive energies and surface energies of pure Pt and Pd metals, as well as the density functional theory calculation results of the lattice parameters and heat of formation of L1(2) Pt(3)Pd, L1(0) PtPd and L1(2) PtPd(3) crystal. Using the MC method and the developed MEAM potentials, we calculated the Pt concentrations in the outermost three layers of the equilibrium (111), (100) and (110) extended surfaces as well as the outermost surfaces of the equilibrium cubo-octahedral nanoparticles of Pt-Pd alloys. Our simulation results showed that the Pd atoms would segregate into the outermost layers of the extended surfaces and the Pt concentration would increase monotonically from the extended surfaces into the bulk. The equilibrium Pt-Pd nanoparticles were found to have Pd-enriched shells and Pt-enriched cores. In the shell of the Pt-Pd nanoparticles, the Pd atoms were predicted to preferably segregate to the (100) facets rather than the (111) facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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20
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Ma Y, Balbuena PB. Kinetic Model of Surface Segregation in Pt-Based Alloys. J Chem Theory Comput 2008; 4:1991-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ct8004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Hwang BJ, Sarma LS, Wang GR, Chen CH, Liu DG, Sheu HS, Lee JF. Heat-Induced Alterations in the Surface Population of Metal Sites in Bimetallic Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2007; 13:6255-64. [PMID: 17458913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability to alter the surface population of metal sites in bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) is of great interest in the context of heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we report findings of surface alterations of Pt and Ru metallic sites in bimetallic carbon-supported (PtRu/C) NPs that were induced by employing a controlled thermal-treatment strategy. The thermal-treatment procedure was designed in such a way that the particle size of the initial NPs was not altered and only the surface population of Pt and Ru was changed, thus allowing us to deduce structural information independent of particle-size effects. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was utilized to deduce the structural parameters that can provide information on atomic distribution and/or extent of alloying as well as the surface population of Pt and Ru in PtRu/C NPs. The PtRu/C catalyst sample was obtained from Johnson Matthey, and first the as-received catalyst was reduced in 2 % H2 and 98 % Ar gas mixture at 300 degrees C for 4 h (PtRu/C as-reduced). Later this sample was subjected to thermal treatment in either oxygen (PtRu/C-O2-300) or hydrogen (PtRu/C-H2-350). The XAS results reveal that when the as-reduced PtRu/C catalyst was exposed to the O2 thermal-treatment strategy, a considerable amount of Ru was moved to the catalyst surface. In contrast, the H2 thermal-treatment strategy led to a higher population of Pt on the PtRu/C surface. Characterization of the heat-treated PtRu/C samples by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveals that there is no significant change in the particle size of thermally treated samples when compared to the as-received PtRu/C sample. The electrochemical properties of the as-reduced and heat-treated PtRu/C catalyst samples were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, CO-adsorption stripping voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry. Both XAS and electrochemical investigations concluded that the PtRu/C-H2-350 sample exhibits significant enhancement in reactivity toward methanol oxidation as a result of the increased surface population of the Pt when compared to the PtRu/C-O2-300 and PtRu/C as-reduced samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Joe Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Tapei 106, Taiwan.
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Strobel R, Grunwaldt JD, Camenzind A, Pratsinis SE, Baiker A. Flame-made Alumina Supported Pd–Pt Nanoparticles: Structural Properties and Catalytic Behavior in Methane Combustion. Catal Letters 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-005-7429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bengaard H, Nørskov J, Sehested J, Clausen B, Nielsen L, Molenbroek A, Rostrup-Nielsen J. Steam Reforming and Graphite Formation on Ni Catalysts. J Catal 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2002.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Strong effect of transitional metals on the sulfur resistance of Pd/HY-Al2O3 catalysts for aromatic hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Molenbroek AM, Nørskov JK, Clausen BS. Structure and Reactivity of Ni−Au Nanoparticle Catalysts. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0043975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfons M. Molenbroek
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Pd Segregation to the Surface of Bimetallic Pt–Pd Particles Supported on H-β Zeolite Evidenced with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Argon Cation Bombardment. J Catal 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2000.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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