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Dachraoui W, Bodnarchuk MI, Erni R. Direct Imaging of the Atomic Mechanisms Governing the Growth and Shape of Bimetallic Pt-Pd Nanocrystals by In Situ Liquid Cell STEM. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14198-14209. [PMID: 36036793 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the atomic mechanisms governing the growth of bimetallic nanoalloys is of great interest for scientists. As a promising material for photocatalysis applications, Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been in the spotlight for many years due to their catalytic performance, which is typically superior to that of pure Pt NPs. In this work, we use in situ liquid cell scanning transmission electron microscopy to track the exact atomic mechanisms governing the formation of bimetallic Pt-Pd NPs. We find that the formation process of the bimetallic Pt-Pd is divided into three stages. First, the nucleation and growth of ultrasmall primary nanoclusters are formed by the agglomeration of Pt and Pd atoms. Second, the primary nanoclusters are involved in a coalescence process to form two types of bigger agglomerates, namely, amorphous (a-NC) and crystalline (c-NC) nanoclusters. In the third stage, these clusters undergo a coalescence process leading to the formation of Pt-Pd NPs, while, in parallel, monomer attachment continues. We found that the third stage contains three types of coalescence processes, a-NC-a-NC, a-NC-c-NC, and c-NC-c-NC coalescence, which eventually give rise to crystalline bimetallic alloys. However, each type of coalescence gave distinct NPs in terms of shape and defects. Our results thus reveal the exact growth mechanisms of bimetallic alloys on the atomic scale, unravel the origin of their structure, and overall are of key interest to tailor the structure of bimetallic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Dachraoui
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Akbarzadeh H, Mehrjouei E, Moradi A, Shamkhali AN. Rattle, Porous, and Dense Cores and Discontinuous Porous, Continuous Porous, and Dense Shells in Pt@Au Core–Shell Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Esmat Mehrjouei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Arezoo Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amir Nasser Shamkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367 Ardabil, Iran
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Insight into the Relationship Between Structural and Electronic Properties of Bimetallic RhnPt55−n (n = 0–55) Clusters with Cuboctahedral Structure: DFT Approaches. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yuge K. Segregation of Pt(28)Rh(27) bimetallic nanoparticles: a first-principles study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:245401. [PMID: 21393781 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/24/245401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Based on a first-principles calculation combined with the cluster expansion technique and Monte Carlo statistical simulation, the segregation behavior of a Pt(28)Rh(27) cuboctahedral nanoparticle is examined. From the effective cluster interaction of the nanoparticle, we see a similar weak ordering tendency inside the nanoparticle to that for Pt-Rh bulk alloy. Below the bulk melting temperature of around 1700 K, we find strong Pt segregation to the surface of the nanoparticle. This is due mainly to larger Pt on-site segregation energy for surface sites than that for subsurface and core sites. In order to examine the segregation behavior of the Pt(28)Rh(27) nanoparticle, we find that the ordering contribution is essential, which reverses the preferable segregation between edge and (100) sites. A ground-state atomic arrangement of the Pt(28)Rh(27) nanoparticle at T = 0 K is predicted, where all the Pt atoms are located at surface sites, particularly at the vertex site of the lowest coordination number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koretaka Yuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Baker SH, Roy M, Gurman SJ, Binns C. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of the atomic structure of nanoparticles in different metallic matrices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:183002. [PMID: 21825446 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/18/183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been appreciated for some time that the novel properties of particles in the size range 1-10 nm are potentially exploitable in a range of applications. In order to ultimately produce commercial devices containing nanosized particles, it is necessary to develop controllable means of incorporating them into macroscopic samples. One way of doing this is to embed the nanoparticles in a matrix of a different material, by co-deposition for example, to form a nanocomposite film. The atomic structure of the embedded particles can be strongly influenced by the matrix. Since some of the key properties of materials, including magnetism, strongly depend on atomic structure, the ability to determine atomic structure in embedded nanoparticles is very important. This review focuses on nanoparticles, in particular magnetic nanoparticles, embedded in different metal matrices. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) provides an excellent means of probing atomic structure in nanocomposite materials, and an overview of this technique is given. Its application in probing catalytic metal clusters is described briefly, before giving an account of the use of EXAFS in determining atomic structure in magnetic nanocomposite films. In particular, we focus on cluster-assembled films comprised of Fe and Co nanosized particles embedded in various metal matrices, and show how the crystal structure of the particles can be changed by appropriate choice of the matrix material. The work discussed here demonstrates that combining the results of structural and magnetic measurements, as well as theoretical calculations, can play a significant part in tailoring the properties of new magnetic cluster-assembled materials.
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Chen CH, Hwang BJ, Wang GR, Sarma LS, Tang MT, Liu DG, Lee JF. Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Pd/Pt Bimetallic Clusters in Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) Reverse Micelles as Studied by in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21566-75. [PMID: 16853800 DOI: 10.1021/jp054062t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) investigations on the formation of palladium-platinum (Pd/Pt) bimetallic clusters at the early stage within the water-in-oil microemulsion system of water/AOT/n-heptane. The reduction of palladium and platinum ions and the formation of corresponding clusters are monitored as a function of dosage of reducing agent, hydrazine (N(2)H(5)OH). Upon successive addition of the reducing agent, hydrazine (N(2)H(5)OH), five distinguishable steps are observed in the formation process of Pd/Pt clusters at the early stage. Both in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis for both the Pd K-edge and Pt L(III)-edge revealed the formation of Pd/Pt bimetallic clusters. A corresponding structural model is proposed for each step to provide a detailed insight into the nucleation and growth mechanism of Pd/Pt bimetallic clusters. We also discussed the atomic distribution of Pd and Pt atoms in Pd/Pt bimetallic clusters based on the calculated XAS structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiang Chen
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hwang BJ, Tsai YW, Sarma LS, Tseng YL, Liu DG, Lee JF. Genesis of Bimetallic Pt−Cu Clusters in Reverse Micelles Investigated by in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp045802l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Joe Hwang
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yin-Wen Tsai
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Loka Subramanyam Sarma
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Li Tseng
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Din-Goa Liu
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- Nanoelectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Modrow H, Bucher S, Hormes J, Brinkmann R, Bönnemann H. Model for Chainlength-Dependent Core−Surfactant Interaction in N(Alkyl)4Cl-Stabilized Colloidal Metal Particles Obtained from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0217740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang OB, Shirai M, Weber WA, Gates BC. Decarbonylation of MgO-Supported PtRh5 Clusters Characterized by Infrared and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981645c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O.-B. Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - M. Shirai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - W. A. Weber
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - B. C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Cimini F, Prins R. QEXAFS Investigation of the Particle Growth of PtRh Clusters Supported on NaY. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp964052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cimini
- Laboratory of Technical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 6, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R. Prins
- Laboratory of Technical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 6, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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