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Del Sole R, Lo Porto C, Lotito S, Ingrosso C, Comparelli R, Curri ML, Barucca G, Fracassi F, Palumbo F, Milella A. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings Containing TiO 2 and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. Molecules 2023; 28:5131. [PMID: 37446794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different applications of TiO2, its use for the photocatalytic abatement of organic pollutants has been demonstrated particularly relevant. However, the wide band gap (3.2 eV), which requires UV irradiation for activation, and the fast electron-hole recombination rate of this n-type semiconductor limit its photocatalytic performance. A strategy to overcome these limitations relies on the realization of a nanocomposite that combines TiO2 nanoparticles with carbon-based nanomaterials, such as rGO (reduced graphene oxide) and fullerene (C60). On the other hand, the design and realization of coatings formed of such TiO2-based nanocomposite coatings are essential to make them suitable for their technological applications, including those in the environmental field. In this work, aerosol-assisted atmospheric pressure plasma deposition of nanocomposite coatings containing both TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials, as rGO or C60, in a siloxane matrix is reported. The chemical composition and morphology of the deposited films were investigated for the different types of prepared nanocomposites by means of FT-IR, FEG-SEM, and TEM analyses. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite coatings was evaluated through monitoring the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model organic pollutant. Results demonstrate that the nanocomposite coatings embedding rGO or C60 show enhanced photocatalytic performance with respect to the TiO2 counterpart. In particular, TiO2/C60 nanocomposites allow to achieve 85% MB degradation upon 180 min of UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Del Sole
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Lo Porto
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Lotito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Unita di Ricerca di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Comparelli
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Unita di Ricerca di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Unita di Ricerca di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianni Barucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Milella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, CNR, S.S. Bari, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Gakhar T, Hazra A. C 60-encapsulated TiO 2nanoparticles for selective and ultrahigh sensitive detection of formaldehyde. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505505. [PMID: 34488202 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac23f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study concerns development of fullerene-C60-encapsulated TiO2nanoparticles hybrid for an efficient detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The nanocomposite was synthesized via chemical route by using hydrated fullerene-C60and sol-gel derived undopedp-type TiO2nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was characterized morphologically and structurally comparing with pure C60clusters and pure TiO2nanoparticles as the reference materials. The average diameter of the C60-encapsulated TiO2nanoparticles was 150 nm whereas the average diameters of C60clusters and pure TiO2nanoparticles were 161 nm and 18 nm respectively. Therefore, all the materials were implemented in interdigitated electrode based planner structured sensors and tested towards multiple VOCs. However, C60-TiO2composite exhibited its natural selectivity towards formaldehyde with a very high sensitivity for the concentration range of 1-1000 ppm. C60-encapsulated TiO2nanoparticles depicted more than double response magnitude (117%) than the pure TiO2nanoparticle (48%) and pure C60particles (40%) and appreciably fast response/recovery (12 s/331 s) towards 100 ppm of formaldehyde at 150 °C. However, the efficient VOC sensing was achieved in C60-encapsulated TiO2sensors possibly due to the extreme reactive surface provided by the oxygen functionalized C60and easy electronic exchange between ambient and the TiO2nanoparticles through C60layers. The combined properties of both C60and TiO2lead to the formation of a promising nanocomposite which provided better sensing characteristics than that of the pure materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Gakhar
- Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Arnab Hazra
- Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Rajasthan 333031, India
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3
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Catalytic and photocatalytic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on electrooxidation of common antioxidants on carbon paste. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Lee H, Seok Lee J, Moor KJ, Kim HI, Kim SR, Gim G, Lee J, Kim HH, Fahmy TM, Kim JH, Lee C. Hand-ground fullerene-nanodiamond composite for photosensitized water treatment and photodynamic cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:101-109. [PMID: 33360882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unique capability of fullerene (C60) to absorb light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been extensively studied for photosensitized water treatment and cancer therapy. Various material synthesis strategies have been proposed in parallel to overcome its intrinsic hydrophobicity and to enhance availability in water and physiological media. We present here a strikingly simple approach to make C60 available to these applications by hand-grinding dry C60 powder with nanodiamond (ND) using a mortar and pestle. The resulting ND-C60 composite was found to form a stable aqueous colloidal suspension and efficiently drive photosensitized production of ROS under visible light illumination. ND-C60 rapidly adsorbed and oxidized organic contaminants by photogenerated ROS. In the experiments for photodynamic cancer therapy, ND-C60 was internalized by cancer cells and induced cell apoptosis without noticeable toxicity. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with ND-C60 and light irradiation resulted in tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshin Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kyle J Moor
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Geondu Gim
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Hyeon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Hou J, Lan X, Shi J, Xin L, Wang L. The synergistic effect of fullerene and 3D ordered macroporous structure on promoting photocatalytic performance. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Radhika N, Selvin R, Kakkar R, Umar A. Recent advances in nano-photocatalysts for organic synthesis. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Zamani A, Sadjadi MS, Mahjoub A, Yousefi M, Farhadyar N. Synthesis, characterization and investigation of photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4@MnO–GO and ZnFe2O4@MnO–rGO nanocomposites for degradation of dye Congo red from wastewater under visible light irradiation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Ullah K, Ullah A, Aldalbahi A, Chung JD, Oh WC. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and hydrogen evolution through novel heterostructure AgI–FG–TiO2 nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Zhuang S, Xu X, Feng B, Hu J, Pang Y, Zhou G, Tong L, Zhou Y. Photogenerated carriers transfer in dye-graphene-SnO2 composites for highly efficient visible-light photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:613-621. [PMID: 24299146 DOI: 10.1021/am4047014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities of graphene-semiconductor catalysts have recently been demonstrated, however, the transfer pathway of photogenerated carriers especially where the role of graphene still remains controversial. Here we report graphene-SnO2 aerosol nanocomposites that exhibit more superior dye adsorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency compared with pure SnO2 quantum dots, P25 TiO2, and pure graphene aerosol under the visible light. This study examines the origin of the visible-light-driven photocatalysis, which for the first time links to the synergistic effect of the cophotosensitization of the dye and graphene to SnO2. We hope this concept and corresponding mechanism of cophotosensitization could provide an original understanding for the photocatalytic reaction process at the level of carrier transfer pathway as well as a brand new approach to design novel and versatile graphene-based composites for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shendong Zhuang
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
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10
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Abstract
Graphene-based photocatalysts have gained increasing interest as a viable alternate to increase photocatalytic H2 production performance in converting solar energy into chemical energy. The use of graphene to enhance the efficiency of photocatalysts has been proved due to its unique two-dimensional conjugated structure and electronic properties. In this Perspective, we have summarized the recent significant advances on the design and applications of graphene-based photocatalytic composites. The rational designs for high-performance photocatalysts using graphene-based materials are described. The applications of the new materials in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are presented. Finally, the ongoing challenges and opportunities for the future development of graphene-based photocatalysts are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjun Xiang
- †State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122#, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- †State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122#, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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A critical and benchmark comparison on graphene-, carbon nanotube-, and fullerene-semiconductor nanocomposites as visible light photocatalysts for selective oxidation. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Yang MQ, Zhang N, Xu YJ. Synthesis of fullerene-, carbon nanotube-, and graphene-TiO₂ nanocomposite photocatalysts for selective oxidation: a comparative study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1156-1164. [PMID: 23324025 DOI: 10.1021/am3029798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of TiO(2)-graphene (GR), -carbon nanotube (CNT), and -fullerene (C(60)) nanocomposite photocatalysts with different weight addition ratios of carbon contents are synthesized via a combination of sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. Their structures and properties are determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde is employed as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the TiO(2)-carbon (GR, CNT, and C(60)) nanocomposites under visible light irradiation. The results reveal that incorporating TiO(2) with carbon materials can extend the adsorption edge of all the TiO(2)-carbon nanocomposites to the visible light region. For TiO(2)-GR, TiO(2)-CNT, and TiO(2)-C(60) nanocomposites, the photocatalytic activities of the composites with optimum ratios, TiO(2)-0.1% GR, TiO(2)-0.5% CNT, and TiO(2)-1.0% C(60), are very close to each other along with the irradiation time. Furthermore, the underlying reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde over TiO(2)-carbon nanocomposites has been explored using different radical scavenger techniques, suggesting that TiO(2)-carbon photocatalysts follow the analogous oxidation mechanism toward selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The addition of different carbon materials has no significant influence on the crystal phase, particle size, and the morphology of TiO(2). Therefore, it can be concluded, at least for nanocomposites of TiO(2)-carbon (GR, CNT, and C(60)) obtained by the present approach, that there is no much difference in essence on affecting the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor TiO(2) among these three different carbon allotropes, GR, CNT, and C(60). Our findings point to the importance of a comparative study of semiconductor-carbon photocatalysts on drawing a relatively objective conclusion rather than separately emphasizing the unique role of GR and joining the graphene gold rush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Quan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Photocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
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Shand M, Anderson JA. Aqueous phase photocatalytic nitrate destruction using titania based materials: routes to enhanced performance and prospects for visible light activation. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy20851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Dillon RJ, Joo JB, Zaera F, Yin Y, Bardeen CJ. Correlating the excited state relaxation dynamics as measured by photoluminescence and transient absorption with the photocatalytic activity of Au@TiO2core–shell nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1488-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Liu JL, Luo Z, Bashir S. A progressive approach on inactivation of bacteria using silver–titania nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:194-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Water: A Step towards Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide orartificial photo synthesisto yield hydrogen and hydrocarbons like methane, methanol etc., has emerged as a subject/process of intensive study due to its potential applications towards abatement of atmospheric CO2levels and conversion to fuels and chemicals. This Chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the process that has posed several scientific and technological challenges, like activation of most stable molecules-CO2and water, extremely low conversion rates, complex reaction pathways involving multi electron transfer steps and short catalyst life. All the major aspects/developments on this process like, the salient features and technological aspects, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, various types of photo-active catalysts-, like, titania based catalysts and titania with various dopants and modifiers, various metal oxides/sulfides/nitrides/ layered titanates, binary and ternary oxides of Nb, Ta, Ga & In mixed oxide catalysts, metal complexes, and supra molecular catalysts-, sensitization by macro cylic ligands, influence of process parameters, catalyst structure-property-activity correlations, aspects of deactivation of catalysts, reaction mechanistic aspects and sequential surface reaction pathways, recent trends and future directions have been covered. Design and development of efficient catalyst systems and achieving higher yield of desired products (higher selectivity) and extending the catalyst life are the key issues being pursued by the researchers. The process is in nascent stage and further improvements are needed as CO2conversion rates are extremely small, with products formed in terms of 1-10 micro moles/hr. One of the means of improving the process efficiency is to carry out electrochemical reduction of CO2using solar electric power, with an integrated Photo electrochemical cell (PEC). Yet another option is to reduce CO2to methanol with hydrogen produced using solar powered PEC.
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Tang ZR, Xu YJ. Graphene transforms wide band gap ZnS to a visible light photocatalyst. The new role of graphene as a macromolecular photosensitizer. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9777-89. [PMID: 23106763 DOI: 10.1021/nn304154s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the assembly of nanosized ZnS particles on the 2D platform of a graphene oxide (GO) sheet by a facile two-step wet chemistry process, during which the reduced graphene oxide (RGO, also called GR) and the intimate interfacial contact between ZnS nanoparticles and the GR sheet are achieved simultaneously. The ZnS-GR nanocomposites exhibit visible light photoactivity toward aerobic selective oxidation of alcohols and epoxidation of alkenes under ambient conditions. In terms of structure-photoactivity correlation analysis, we for the first time propose a new photocatalytic mechanism where the role of GR in the ZnS-GR nanocomposites acts as an organic dye-like macromolecular "photosensitizer" for ZnS instead of an electron reservoir. This novel photocatalytic mechanism is distinctly different from all previous research on GR-semiconductor photocatalysts, for which GR is claimed to behave as an electron reservoir to capture/shuttle the electrons photogenerated from the semiconductor. This new concept of the reaction mechanism in graphene-semiconductor photocatalysts could provide a new train of thought on designing GR-based composite photocatalysts for targeting applications in solar energy conversion, promoting our in-depth thinking on the microscopic charge carrier transfer pathway connected to the interface between the GR and the semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Photocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
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18
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Dillon RJ, Bardeen CJ. Time-resolved studies of charge recombination in the pyrene/TCNQ charge-transfer crystal: evidence for tunneling. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5145-50. [PMID: 22591413 DOI: 10.1021/jp302829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of solid-state tetracyanobenzene-based donor-acceptor complexes showed that these materials were highly susceptible to both laser and mechanical damage that complicated the analysis of their electron-transfer kinetics. In this paper, we characterize the optical properties of a pyrene/tetracyanoquinodimethane charge-transfer crystal that is much more robust than the tetracyanobenzene compounds. This donor-acceptor complex has a charge-transfer absorption that extends into the near-infrared, rendering the crystal black. We use time-resolved fluorescence and diffuse reflectance transient absorption to study its dynamics after photoexcitation. We show that the initially excited charge-transfer state undergoes a rapid, monoexponential decay with a lifetime of 290 ps at room temperature. There is no evidence for any long-lived intermediate or dark states; therefore, this decay is attributed to charge recombination back to the ground state. Fluorescence lifetime measurements demonstrate that this process becomes temperature-independent below 60 K, indicative of a thermally activated tunneling mechanism. The subnanosecond charge recombination makes this low-band-gap donor-acceptor material a poor candidate for generating long-lived electron-hole pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Khan A, Mir NA, Haque MM, Muneer M, Vijayalakshmi S, Boxall C. Heterogeneous photocatalyzed degradation of a pesticide derivative, 3-chloro-4-methoxyaniline, in aqueous suspensions of titania. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paz Y. Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:845-61. [PMID: 22259769 PMCID: PMC3257511 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) attached to solid surfaces and the rare photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide provide a rationale for the study of systems comprising both. Such systems can be realized in the form of SAMs grown on TiO(2) or, in a complementary manner, as TiO(2) grown on SAMs. Accordingly, the current status of knowledge regarding SAMs on TiO(2) is described. Photocatalytic phenomena that are of specific relevance to SAMs, such as remote degradation, and cases where SAMs were used to study photocatalytic phenomena, are discussed as well. Mastering of micro-patterning is a key issue en route to a successful assimilation of a variety of titanium dioxide based devices. Accordingly, particular attention is given to the description of a variety of methods and techniques aimed at utilizing the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide for patterning. Reports on a variety of applications are discussed. These examples, representing the areas of photovoltaics, microelectronics, microelectromechanics, photocatalysis, corrosion prevention and even biomedicine should be regarded as appetizers paving the way for further studies to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Paz
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, The Russell-Berrie Institute of Nanotechnology and The Grand Water Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Zhang W, Shi YR, Gan LB, Huang CH, Wang YQ, Cheng HM. Photosensitization of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Electrode Modified with C60 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20010190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Oh WC, Zhang FJ, Meng ZD, Zhang K. Relative Photonic Properties of Fe/TiO2-Nanocarbon Catalysts for Degradation of MB Solution under Visible Light. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.5.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Characterization and photonic properties for the Pt-fullerene/TiO2 composites derived from titanium (IV) n-butoxide and C60. J IND ENG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Park Y, Singh NJ, Kim K, Tachikawa T, Majima T, Choi W. Fullerol-Titania Charge-Transfer-Mediated Photocatalysis Working under Visible Light. Chemistry 2009; 15:10843-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee J, Cho M, Fortner JD, Hughes JB, Kim JH. Transformation of aggregated C60 in the aqueous phase by UV irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4878-4883. [PMID: 19673279 DOI: 10.1021/es8035972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that water-stable C60 cluster (nC60) undergoes a photochemical transformation(s) when irradiated with monochromatic UV light at 254 nm. Upon UV exposure, characteristic absorption of nC60 in the visible (ca. 450-550 nm, indicative of a cluster structure) and UV regions (indicative of underivatized molecular C60) gradually disappeared. Concurrently, a new product with absorption centered at 210 nm formed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed a complete reduction in aggregation and formation of a soluble product. Negligible loss of total organic carbon (TOC) and drastic retardation in degradation kinetics in the absence of oxygen collectively implied that photochemical transformation was accomplished via oxidative pathway without carbon mineralization. MS (LDI), FTIR, and XPS analyses indicated a 60 carbon cage product, containing various oxygen functional groups such as epoxides and ethers. In addition, this product demonstrated significantly less antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli when compared to the parent nC60. The results of this study suggest that accurate assessment of C60 in environmental life cycles and impact should consider the light-mediated transformation of C60 in the aqueous phase and resulting water-soluble products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesang Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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26
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Characterization and relative photonic efficiencies of a new nanocarbon/TiO2 composite photocatalyst designed for organic dye decomposition and bactericidal activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Fu H, Xu T, Zhu S, Zhu Y. Photocorrosion inhibition and enhancement of photocatalytic activity for ZnO via hybridization with C60. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8064-8069. [PMID: 19031903 DOI: 10.1021/es801484x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
C60 molecules with monomolecular layer state dispersed on the surface of ZnO and formed the hybridized interaction between ZnO and C60. C60-hybridized ZnO photocatalyst showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the organic dye and the photocorrosion of ZnO was successfully inhibited bythe hybridization of C60 molecules. The photocorrosion inhibition of ZnO by C60 molecule could be attributed to the reduced activation of surface oxygen atom. The enhanced photocatalytic activity for C60-hybridized ZnO was originated from the high migration efficiency of photoinduced electrons on the interface of C60 and ZnO, which was produced by the interaction of C60 and ZnO with a conjugative pi-system. The enhancement degree of photocatalytic activity was strongly depended on the coverage of C60 molecules on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles, and the optimum hybridization effect was found at a weight ratio of 1.5% (C60/ZnO). The hybridization of C60 with semiconductors could be used to improve the photocatalytic activity as well as the photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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28
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Preparation and characterization of carbon covered TiO2 using sucrose for solar photodegradation. J IND ENG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Saito K, Rettenbacher AS, Smith, Jr DW, Fukuzumi S. Bis-ortho-diynyl-arene C60 adducts on SnO2 films for photoelectrochemical cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717906e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Krishna V, Noguchi N, Koopman B, Moudgil B. Enhancement of titanium dioxide photocatalysis by water-soluble fullerenes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 304:166-71. [PMID: 16989848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are known for their unique electronic properties including high electron affinity. Although use of fullerenes for scavenging photo-generated electrons from titanium dioxide particles has been demonstrated, no attempts have been made to utilize the unique properties of fullerenes to increase the efficacy of photocatalysis. The present study has demonstrated that a mixture of water-soluble polyhydroxy fullerenes (PHF) and titanium dioxide (anatase polymorph) enhances photocatalytic degradation of organic dye. The PHF molecules adsorbed to the surface of titanium dioxide due to electrostatic forces, with adsorption density being higher at lower pH values. The surface coverage of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by PHF molecules determined the extent of enhancement, with an optimum dosed weight ratio of PHF to titanium dioxide at 0.001. Hydroxylation and concomitant solubilization of fullerenes allow their unique electronic properties to be harnessed for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna
- Particle Engineering Research Center, 205 Particle Science and Technology Building, PO Box 116135, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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31
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Hirakawa T, Kamat PV. Charge Separation and Catalytic Activity of Ag@TiO2 Core−Shell Composite Clusters under UV−Irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:3928-34. [PMID: 15771529 DOI: 10.1021/ja042925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic properties of Ag@TiO2 composite clusters have been investigated using steady state and laser pulse excitations. Photoexcitation of TiO2 shell results in accumulation of the electrons in the Ag core as evidenced from the shift in the surface plasmon band from 460 to 420 nm. The stored electrons are discharged when an electron acceptor such as O2, thionine, or C60 is introduced into the system. Charge equilibration with redox couple such as C60/C60*- shows the ability of these core shell structures to carry out photocatalytic reduction reactions. The charge separation, charge storage, and interfacial charge-transfer steps that follow excitation of the TiO2 shell are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hirakawa
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0579, USA
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32
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Sheeney-Haj-Ichia L, Basnar B, Willner I. Efficient Generation of Photocurrents by Using CdS/Carbon Nanotube Assemblies on Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Sheeney-Haj-Ichia L, Basnar B, Willner I. Efficient Generation of Photocurrents by Using CdS/Carbon Nanotube Assemblies on Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:78-83. [PMID: 15599895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Polo AS, Itokazu MK, Murakami Iha NY. Metal complex sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Argazzi R, Murakami Iha NY, Zabri H, Odobel F, Bignozzi CA. Design of molecular dyes for application in photoelectrochemical and electrochromic devices based on nanocrystalline metal oxide semiconductors. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Worrall DR, Williams SL, Eremenko A, Smirnova N, Yakimenko O, Starukh G. Laser flash photolysis study of electron transfer processes of adsorbed anthracene on titania–silica surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Titanium dioxide was shown to be generally effective as a catalyst for photobleaching many structural classes of organic dyes in aqueous solution, using visible light. However, results from study of 15 dyes indicate that photobleaching rates differ significantly from families of dyes with different functionalities, and are dependent on the light source and crystalline form of TiO2 used. Sorption characteristic on the TiO2 surface and the aqueous solubility of the dyes also play an important role in the photobleaching rate. Kinetic analysis indicates that the dye photobleaching rates can usually be approximated as pseudo-first-order kinetics. In addition to the generally proposed photocatalytic oxidation mechanism for TiO2 reactions, we observed evidence for two kinds of electron transfer mechanisms that are "photosensitized reduction" and "photosensitized oxidation". Natural sunlight was effectively used to photobleach some of the dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Epling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-60, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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38
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Milanesio ME, Gervaldo M, Otero LA, Sereno L, Silber JJ, Durantini EN. Synthesis and photophysical properties of Zn(II) porphyrin-C60 dyad with potential use in solar cells. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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40
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Luo C, Guldi D, Maggini M, Menna E, Mondini S, Kotov N, Prato M. Stepwise Assembled Photoactive Films Containing Donor-Linked Fullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3905-3909. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21<3905::aid-anie3905>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Luo C, Guldi D, Maggini M, Menna E, Mondini S, Kotov N, Prato M. Schichtweise Organisation photoaktiver Filme auf der Basis von Donor-verknüpften Fullerenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001103)112:21<4052::aid-ange4052>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Kumar A, Negi DP. Photophysical and photocatalytic behaviours of Cd(OH)2-coated Q-CdS in the presence of tryptophan. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(00)00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Zhang T, Yang H, Wang S, Gong Q, Jian H, Xu G, Chen C, Yan W. Blocking effect of TiO2 colloids on the excited state isomerization of a cyanine dye. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Furube A, Asahi T, Masuhara H, Yamashita H, Anpo M. Charge Carrier Dynamics of Standard TiO2 Catalysts Revealed by Femtosecond Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furube
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565−0871, and Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, University of Osaka Prefecture, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Tsuyoshi Asahi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565−0871, and Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, University of Osaka Prefecture, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565−0871, and Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, University of Osaka Prefecture, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565−0871, and Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, University of Osaka Prefecture, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Masakazu Anpo
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565−0871, and Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, University of Osaka Prefecture, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
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45
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Abe T, Suzuki E, Nagoshi K, Miyashita K, Kaneko M. Electron Source in Photoinduced Hydrogen Production on Pt-supported TiO2 Particles. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983265x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Abe
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan, and Asakahigashi R & D Center, HONDA R & D Co. Ltd., 3-15-1, Senzui, Asaka, Saitama 351-0024, Japan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan, and Asakahigashi R & D Center, HONDA R & D Co. Ltd., 3-15-1, Senzui, Asaka, Saitama 351-0024, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagoshi
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan, and Asakahigashi R & D Center, HONDA R & D Co. Ltd., 3-15-1, Senzui, Asaka, Saitama 351-0024, Japan
| | - Kohichi Miyashita
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan, and Asakahigashi R & D Center, HONDA R & D Co. Ltd., 3-15-1, Senzui, Asaka, Saitama 351-0024, Japan
| | - Masao Kaneko
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan, and Asakahigashi R & D Center, HONDA R & D Co. Ltd., 3-15-1, Senzui, Asaka, Saitama 351-0024, Japan
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46
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Luo C, Fujitsuka M, Huang CH, Ito O. Photoinduced Electron Transfer from N,N-Dimethylaniline to Pyrrolidinofullerenes (C60(C3H6N)R): Emphasized Substituent Effects with Solvent Polarity Change. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982524f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hui Huang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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