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Araújo JR, de Andrade RB, Batista HJ, Ventura E, do Monte SA. Can a gas phase contact ion pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation be formed in the ground state? RSC Adv 2021; 11:4221-4230. [PMID: 35424376 PMCID: PMC8694316 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, no conclusive evidence of a ground-state contact ion-pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation has been given in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Araújo
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio J. Batista
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - Elizete Ventura
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | - Silmar A. do Monte
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
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2
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Brouard M, Chadwick H, Gordon SDS, Hornung B, Nichols B, Aoiz FJ, Stolte S. Stereodynamics in NO(X) + Ar inelastic collisions. J Chem Phys 2017; 144:224301. [PMID: 27306001 DOI: 10.1063/1.4952649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of orientation of the NO(X) bond axis prior to rotationally inelastic collisions with Ar has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. A modification to conventional velocity-map imaging ion optics is described, which allows the orientation of hexapole state-selected NO(X) using a static electric field, followed by velocity map imaging of the resonantly ionized scattered products. Bond orientation resolved differential cross sections are measured experimentally for a series of spin-orbit conserving transitions and compared with quantum mechanical calculations. The agreement between experimental results and those from quantum mechanical calculations is generally good. Parity pairs, which have previously been observed in collisions of unpolarized NO with various rare gases, are not observed due to the coherent superposition of the two j = 1/2, Ω = 1/2 Λ-doublet levels in the orienting field. The normalized difference differential cross sections are found to depend predominantly on the final rotational state, and are not very sensitive to the final Λ-doublet level. The differential steric effect has also been investigated theoretically, by means of quantum mechanical and classical calculations. Classically, the differential steric effect can be understood by considering the steric requirement for different types of trajectories that contribute to different regions of the differential cross section. However, classical effects cannot account quantitatively for the differential steric asymmetry observed in NO(X) + Ar collisions, which reflects quantum interference from scattering at either end of the molecule. This quantum interference effect is dominated by the repulsive region of the potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - H Chadwick
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - S D S Gordon
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - B Hornung
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - B Nichols
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - F J Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Aoiz FJ, Brouard M, Gordon SDS, Nichols B, Stolte S, Walpole V. A new perspective: imaging the stereochemistry of molecular collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30210-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the steric effect plays a central role in chemistry. This Perspective describes how the polarization of reactant molecules in space can be used to probe directly the steric effect, and highlights some of the new measurements that are made possible by coupling reactant orientation and alignment with ion imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. D. S. Gordon
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - B. Nichols
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - V. Walpole
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-M. Mestdagh
- a Laboratoire Francis Perrin (CNRS-URA-2453) , DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons , Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex , F-91191 , France
| | - B. Soep
- a Laboratoire Francis Perrin (CNRS-URA-2453) , DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons , Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex , F-91191 , France
| | - M.-A. Gaveau
- a Laboratoire Francis Perrin (CNRS-URA-2453) , DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons , Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex , F-91191 , France
| | - J.-P. Visticot
- a Laboratoire Francis Perrin (CNRS-URA-2453) , DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons , Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex , F-91191 , France
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Ohoyama H. Multidimensional molecular steric opacity function for XeCl*(B, C) formation in the oriented Xe* (³P₂, MJ = 2) + oriented CCl₃F reaction. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11386-92. [PMID: 20919716 DOI: 10.1021/jp104314s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The steric effect for the XeCl*(B, C) formations in the oriented Xe* (³P₂, MJ = 2) + oriented CCl₃F reaction has been observed as a function of the mutual configuration between the molecular orientation and the atomic orbital alignment in the collision frame. Molecular steric opacity functions have been determined as a function of the atomic orbital alignment (M(L)') in the collision frame. The XeCl*(B, C) channels show similar molecular steric opacity functions at M(L)' = 0 but not at |M(L)'| = 1. The large molecular alignment dependence (i.e., the reactivity of the Cl₃ end and the F end is comparable, but a very poor reactivity for the sideway) is recognized for the XeCl*(B, C) channels except for the XeCl*(C) channel at |M(L)'| = 1, which shows an almost isotropic molecular orientation dependence. The M(L)' selectivity is different between the XeCl*(B, C) channels. At the molecular axis direction, the XeCl*(B) channel has little M(L)' selectivity whereas the XeCl*(C) channel is significantly favorable at M(L)' = 0. On the other hand, |M(L)'| = 1 is favorable at the sideway for the XeCl*(B, C) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka UniVersity, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Che DC, Palazzetti F, Okuno Y, Aquilanti V, Kasai T. Electrostatic hexapole state-selection of the asymmetric-top molecule propylene oxide. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3280-6. [PMID: 20099859 DOI: 10.1021/jp909553t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotational state-selection of the asymmetric-top molecule propylene oxide was carried out using an electrostatic hexapole field of 85-cm length. Molecular beam intensities were monitored by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. It was found that beam intensities of molecular beams for pure propylene oxide and those seeded in He and in Ar increased with increasing hexapole voltages. The hexapole voltage dependence of the beam intensity, which is called the focusing curve, was interpreted by computer simulation of the trajectories of molecules in the hexapolar field due to the Stark effect, as a function of rotational temperatures of molecular beams. The calculated best fit focusing curves, when compared with the experimental results, demonstrated that the rotational temperatures, associated with the distribution of states of a given rotational angular momentum J, are similar to the translational temperatures. It was found that the M = 0 states (where M is the projection of J along the direction of the electrostatic field) and negative values of the pseudoquantum number tau of propylene oxide can be selected using our experimental setup. These results suggest that the hexapole electric field is a tool even for the selection of rotational and orientation states of asymmetric-top molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dock-Chil Che
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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Shafizadeh N, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Breckenridge WH. Charge transfer in metal-atom-containing molecules in the gas phase. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903052663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nemykin VN, Basu P. Comparative theoretical investigation of the vertical excitation energies and the electronic structure of [MoVOCl4]-: influence of basis set and geometry. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4046-56. [PMID: 12817960 DOI: 10.1021/ic0262942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures, geometries, and vibration frequencies of the open-shell molybdenum(V) ion, [MoOCl(4)](-), have been calculated at the extended Hückel, semiempirical ZINDO/1, ZINDO/S, and PM3(tm), as well as ab initio and DFT theoretical levels. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the expected metal-fold orbital order can be satisfied only at the DFT level. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach has been used for the calculation of the vertical excitation energies in the UV-vis region with different basis sets, starting geometries, and exchange-correlation functionals. A good agreement between the predicted and the experimental electronic absorption and MCD spectra of the complex, [MoOCl(4)](-), was observed when the B3LYP and B3P86 exchange-correlation functionals were used with a full electron valence double-zeta with polarization basis set for the molybdenum and 6-311G(d) for all other atoms. Similar results were obtained when the LANL2DZ effective core potential for molybdenum atom and 6-31G(d) for all other atoms were used. The best absolute deviation of 0.13 and mean deviation of 0.01 eV were calculated for the bands in the UV-vis region by B3P86, while the results for the B3LYP exchange-correlation functional were less satisfactory. Compared to polarization functions, the inclusion of diffuse functions resulted in little improvement. The calculated excitations energies and charge-transfer band intensities are found to be sensitive to the Mo=O distance and O-Mo-Cl angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
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Kozin IN, Roberts RM. Monodromy in the spectrum of a rigid symmetric top molecule in an electric field. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1573633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Breysse M, Furimsky E, Kasztelan S, Lacroix M, Perot G. HYDROGEN ACTIVATION BY TRANSITION METAL SULFIDES. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-120015483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Teule JM, Janssen MHM, Stolte S, Bulthuis J. Laser-induced fluorescence studies of excited Sr reactions. III. Sr(3P1)+CHF=CH2, CF2=CH2, CHF=CHF, and C6H5F. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1458242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kong W, Bulthuis J. Orientation of Asymmetric Top Molecules in a Uniform Electric Field: Calculations for Species without Symmetry Axes. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993549x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Jaap Bulthuis
- Department of Chemical Physics and Laser Center, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hain TD, Moision RM, Curtiss TJ. Hexapole state-selection and orientation of asymmetric top molecules: CH2F2. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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Franks KJ, Li H, Kong W. Evidence of a perpendicular component in the photodissociation of BrCN at 213 nm. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Franks KJ, Li H, Kong W. Orientation of pyrimidine in the gas phase using a strong electric field: Spectroscopy and relaxation dynamics. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Li H, Franks KJ, Hanson RJ, Kong W. Brute Force Orientation and Alignment of Pyridazine Probed by Resonantly Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Karen J. Franks
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Rebecca J. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
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Franks KJ, Li H, Hanson RJ, Kong W. Selective Excitation of ICN Achieved via Brute Force Orientation. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982584l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Franks
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Rebecca J. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
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Loesch HJ, Möller J. Reactive Scattering from Brute Force Oriented Molecules: K + IR → KI + R (R = i-C3H7 and t-C4H9). J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9818129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Loesch
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J. Möller
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Bulthuis J, Möller J, Loesch HJ. Brute Force Orientation of Asymmetric Top Molecules. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9716750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Bulthuis
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Forschung and Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, 4800 Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Möller
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Forschung and Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, 4800 Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. Loesch
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Forschung and Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, 4800 Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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