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Sinha B, Goswami T, Paul S, Misra A. Spectral tuning of 11-cis retinal in conjugation with Au14 cluster and concomitant effect on isomerization: A theoretical outlook. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Coupled HOOP signature correlates with quantum yield of isorhodopsin and analog pigments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:118-125. [PMID: 27836700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With a quantum yield of 0.66±0.03 the photoisomerization efficiency of the visual pigment rhodopsin (11-cis⇒all-trans chromophore) is exceptionally high. This is currently explained by coherent coupling of the excited state electronic wavepacket with local vibrational nuclear modes, facilitating efficient cross-over at a conical intersection onto the photoproduct energy surface. The 9-cis counterpart of rhodopsin, dubbed isorhodopsin, has a much lower quantum yield (0.26±0.03), which, however, can be markedly enhanced by modification of the retinal chromophore (7,8-dihydro and 9-cyclopropyl derivatives). The coherent coupling in the excited state is promoted by torsional skeletal and coupled HOOP vibrational modes, in combination with a twisted conformation around the isomerization region. Since such torsion will strongly enhance the infrared intensity of coupled HOOP modes, we investigated FTIR difference spectra of rhodopsin, isorhodopsin and several analog pigments in the spectral range of isolated and coupled HCCH wags. As a result we propose that the coupled HOOP signature in these retinal pigments correlates with the distribution of torsion over counteracting segments in the retinylidene polyene chain. As such the HOOP signature can act as an indicator for the photoisomerization efficiency, and can explain the higher quantum yield of the 7,8-dihydro and 9-cyclopropyl-isorhodopsin analogs.
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Kaila VRI, Send R, Sundholm D. The effect of protein environment on photoexcitation properties of retinal. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2249-58. [PMID: 22166007 DOI: 10.1021/jp205918m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal is the photon absorbing chromophore of rhodopsin and other visual pigments, enabling the vertebrate vision process. The effects of the protein environment on the primary photoexcitation process of retinal were studied by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and the algebraic diagrammatic construction through second order (ADC(2)) combined with our recently introduced reduction of virtual space (RVS) approximation method. The calculations were performed on large full quantum chemical cluster models of the bluecone (BC) and rhodopsin (Rh) pigments with 165-171 atoms. Absorption wavelengths of 441 and 491 nm were obtained at the B3LYP level of theory for the respective models, which agree well with the experimental values of 414 and 498 nm. Electrostatic rather than structural strain effects were shown to dominate the spectral tuning properties of the surrounding protein. The Schiff base retinal and a neighboring Glu-113 residue were found to have comparable proton affinities in the ground state of the BC model, whereas in the excited state, the proton affinity of the Schiff base is 5.9 kcal/mol (0.26 eV) higher. For the ground and excited states of the Rh model, the proton affinity of the Schiff base is 3.2 kcal/mol (0.14 eV) and 7.9 kcal/mol (0.34 eV) higher than for Glu-113, respectively. The protein environment was found to enhance the bond length alternation (BLA) of the retinyl chain and blueshift the first absorption maxima of the protonated Schiff base in the BC and Rh models relative to the chromophore in the gas phase. The protein environment was also found to decrease the intensity of the second excited state, thus improving the quantum yield of the photoexcitation process. Relaxation of the BC model on the excited state potential energy surface led to a vanishing BLA around the isomerization center of the conjugated retinyl chain, rendering the retinal accessible for cis-trans isomerization. The energy of the relaxed excited state was found to be 30 kcal/mol (1.3 eV) above the minimum ground state energy, and might be related to the transition state of the thermal activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville R I Kaila
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Gromov EV, Burghardt I, Köppel H, Cederbaum LS. Photoinduced Isomerization of the Photoactive Yellow Protein (PYP) Chromophore: Interplay of Two Torsions, a HOOP Mode and Hydrogen Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9237-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2011843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy V. Gromov
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Computer Center, Irkutsk State University, K. Marks 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D−60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Horst Köppel
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Sumita M, Ryazantsev MN, Saito K. Acceleration of the Z to E photoisomerization of penta-2,4-dieniminium by hydrogen out-of-plane motion: theoretical study on a model system of retinal protonated Schiff base. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6406-14. [PMID: 19809672 DOI: 10.1039/b900882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the result of comparison between two reaction coordinates [on the potential energy surface of the first excited state (S(1))] produced by CASSCF and these energies recalculated by MRMP2 in the Z to E photoisomerization of penta-2,4-dieniminium (PDI) as the minimal model of the retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB). One coordinate is the S(1) state minimum-energy-path (MEP) in mass-weighted coordinates from the S(1) vertically excited point, where a strong hydrogen-out-of plane (HOOP) motion is not exhibited. The energy profile of the S(1) MEP at the MRMP2//CASSCF level shows a barrier for the rotation around the reactive C-C and hits the S(1)/S(0) degeneracy space where the central C-C-C-C dihedral angle is distorted by 65 degrees . The other coordinate is an S(1) coordinate obtained by the relaxed scan strategy. The relaxed coordinate along the central C-C-C-C dihedral angle, which we call the HOOP coordinate, shows strong HOOP motion. According to the MRMP2//CASSCF calculation, there is no barrier on the HOOP coordinate. Furthermore, the S(1) to S(0) transition may be possible without the large skeletal deformation by HOOP motion because the HOOP coordinate encounters the S(1)/S(0) degeneracy space where the central C-C-C-C dihedral angle is distorted by only 40 degrees . Consequently, if PDI is a suitable model molecule for the RPSB as often assumed, the 11-cis to all-trans photoisomerization is predicted to be accelerated by the HOOP motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sumita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
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Buchachenko AL. Chemistry on the border of two centuries — achievements and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n02abeh000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Send R, Sundholm D. Stairway to the conical intersection: a computational study of the retinal isomerization. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8766-73. [PMID: 17713894 DOI: 10.1021/jp073908l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential-energy surface of the first excited state of the 11-cis-retinal protonated Schiff base (PSB11) chromophore has been studied at the density functional theory (DFT) level using the time-dependent perturbation theory approach (TDDFT) in combination with Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional (B3LYP). The potential-energy curves for torsion motions around single and double bonds of the first excited state have also been studied at the coupled-cluster approximate singles and doubles (CC2) level. The corresponding potential-energy curves for the ground state have been calculated at the B3LYP DFT and second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) levels. The TDDFT study suggests that the electronic excitation initiates a turn of the beta-ionone ring around the C6-C7 bond. The torsion is propagating along the retinyl chain toward the cis to trans isomerization center at the C11=C12 double bond. The torsion twist of the C10-C11 single bond leads to a significant reduction in the deexcitation energy indicating that a conical intersection is being reached by an almost barrierless rotation around the C10-C11 single bond. The energy released when passing the conical intersection can assist the subsequent cis to trans isomerization of the C11=C12 double bond. The CC2 calculations also show that the torsion barrier for the twist of the retinyl C10-C11 single bond adjacent to the isomerization center almost vanishes for the excited state. Because of the reduced torsion barriers of the single bonds, the retinyl chain can easily deform in the excited state. Thus, the CC2 and TDDFT calculations suggest similar reaction pathways on the potential-energy surface of the excited state leading toward the conical intersection and resulting in a cis to trans isomerization of the retinal chromophore. According to the CC2 calculations the cis to trans isomerization mechanism does not involve any significant torsion motion of the beta-ionone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Send
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Conti I, Bernardi F, Orlandi G, Garavelli M. Substituent controlled spectroscopy and excited state topography of retinal chromophore models: fluorinated and methoxy-substituted protonated Schiff bases. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970500417911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Send R, Sundholm D. Coupled-cluster studies of the lowest excited states of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2862-7. [PMID: 17538731 DOI: 10.1039/b616137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first few excited states of the 11-cis-retinal (PSB11) chromophore have been studied at the coupled-cluster approximative singles and doubles (CC2) level using triple-zeta quality basis sets augmented with double sets of polarisation functions. The two lowest vertical excitation energies of 2.14 and 3.21 eV are in good agreement with recently reported experimental values of 2.03 and 3.18 eV obtained in molecular beam measurements. Calculations at the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level using the B3LYP hybrid functional yield vertical excitation energies of 2.34 and 3.10 eV for the two lowest states. Zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) corrections of -0.09 and -0.17 eV were deduced from the harmonic vibrational frequencies for the ground and excited states calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) and TDDFT level, respectively, using the B3LYP hybrid functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Send
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Send R, Sundholm D. The Role of the β-Ionone Ring in the Photochemical Reaction of Rhodopsin. J Phys Chem A 2006; 111:27-33. [PMID: 17201384 DOI: 10.1021/jp065510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations on the photoabsorption process of the 11-cis retinal protonated Schiff base (PSB) chromophore show that the Franck-Condon relaxation of the first excited state of the chromophore involves a torsional twist motion of the beta-ionone ring relative to the conjugated retinyl chain. For the ground state, the beta-ionone ring and the retinyl chain of the free retinal PSB chromophore form a -40 degrees dihedral angle as compared to -94 degrees for the first excited state. The double bonds of the retinal are shorter for the fully optimized structure of the excited state than for the ground state suggesting a higher cis-trans isomerization barrier for the excited state than for the ground state. According to the present TDDFT calculations, the excitation of the retinal PSB chromophore does not primarily lead to a reaction along the cis-trans torsional coordinate at the C11-C12 bond. The activation of the isomerization center seems to occur at a later stage of the photo reaction. The results obtained at the TDDFT level are supported by second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) and approximate singles and doubles-coupled cluster (CC2) calculations on retinal chromophore models; the MP2 and CC2 calculations yield for them qualitatively the same ground state and excited-state structures as obtained in the density functional theory and TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Send
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Olivucci M, Lami A, Santoro F. A Tiny Excited-State Barrier Can Induce a Multiexponential Decay of the Retinal Chromophore: A Quantum Dynamics Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5118-21. [PMID: 16035016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Olivucci M, Lami A, Santoro F. A Tiny Excited-State Barrier Can Induce a Multiexponential Decay of the Retinal Chromophore: A Quantum Dynamics Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cembran A, Bernardi F, Olivucci M, Garavelli M. Excited-state singlet manifold and oscillatory features of a nonatetraeniminium retinal chromophore model. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:12509-19. [PMID: 14531695 DOI: 10.1021/ja030215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we use ab initio multireference Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory computations to map the first five singlet states (S(0), S(1), S(2), S(3), and S(4)) along the initial part of the photoisomerization coordinate for the isolated rhodopsin chromophore model 4-cis-gamma-methylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraeniminium cation. We show that this information not only provides an explanation for the spectral features associated to the chromophore in solution but also, subject to a tentative hypothesis on the effect of the protein cavity, may be employed to explain/assign the ultrafast near-IR excited-state absorption, stimulated emission, and transient excited-state absorption bands observed in rhodopsin proteins (e.g. rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin). We also show that the results of vibrational frequency computations reveal a general structure for the first (S(1)) excited-state energy surface of PSBs that is consistent with the existence of the coherent oscillatory motions observed both in solution and in bacteriorhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cembran
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena, I-53100 Italy
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Nagata T, Oura T, Terakita A, Kandori H, Shichida Y. Isomer-Specific Interaction of the Retinal Chromophore with Threonine-118 in Rhodopsin. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0124488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nagata
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomonori Oura
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akihisa Terakita
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shichida
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract
The primary event in vision is the light-driven cis-trans isomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore in the G-protein coupled receptor rhodopsin. Early measurements showed that this photoisomerization has a reaction quantum yield phi of approximately 0.67 [Dartnall (1936) Proc. R. Soc. A 156, 158-170; Dartnall (1968) Vision Res. 8, 339-358] and suggested that the quantum yield was wavelength independent [Schneider (1939) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 170, 102-112]. Here we more accurately determine phi(500) = 0.65 +/- 0.01 and reveal that phi surprisingly depends on the wavelength of the incident light. Although there is no difference in the quantum yield between 450 and 480 nm, the quantum yield falls significantly as the photon energy is reduced below 20 000 cm(-1) (500 nm). At the reddest wavelength measured (570 nm), the quantum yield is reduced by 5 +/- 1% relative to the 500 nm value. These experiments correct the long-held presumption that the quantum yield in vision is wavelength independent, and support the hypothesis that the 200 fs photoisomerization reaction that initiates vision is dictated by nonstationary excited-state vibrational wave packet dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Hou B, Friedman N, Ruhman S, Sheves M, Ottolenghi M. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of the Protonated Schiff Bases of Free and C13C14 Locked Retinals. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0034980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Hou
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - N. Friedman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S. Ruhman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M. Sheves
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M. Ottolenghi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Sanchez-Galvez A, Hunt P, Robb MA, Olivucci M, Vreven T, Schlegel HB. Ultrafast Radiationless Deactivation of Organic Dyes: Evidence for a Two-State Two-Mode Pathway in Polymethine Cyanines. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993985x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K., Istituto di Chimica Organica, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Patricia Hunt
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K., Istituto di Chimica Organica, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Michael A. Robb
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K., Istituto di Chimica Organica, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K., Istituto di Chimica Organica, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Thom Vreven
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K., Istituto di Chimica Organica, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K., Istituto di Chimica Organica, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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DeGrip WJ, DeLange F, Klaassen CH, Verdegem PJ, Wallace-Williams S, Creemers AF, Bergo V, Bovee PH, Raap J, Rothschild KJ, DeGroot HJ, Lugtenburg J. Photoactivation of rhodopsin: interplay between protein and chromophore. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 224:102-18; discussion 118-23. [PMID: 10614048 DOI: 10.1002/9780470515693.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Data in the literature suggest a finely tuned interaction between ligand (11-cis-retinal) and protein (opsin) in order to allow very efficient photoactivation of the ligand and highly vectorial rhodopsin activation with a huge increase in receptor activity. We have further investigated this interaction using ligand homologues, 13C-ligand labelling or 15N-protein labelling, in combination with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and solid-state magic angle spinning (ss-MAS)-NMR spectroscopy. Using 1D rotational resonance (RR) or double-quantum heteronuclear local field (2Q-HLF) ss-MAS-NMR we report the first structure refinement of the rhodopsin chromophore in situ. These measurements yield a specification of the torsional strain in the for isomerization essential C10-C13 segment of the chromophore. This strain is thought to contribute to the high rate and stereospecificity of the photoisomerization reaction. In agreement with previous data, the C10-C13 segment region reaches a relaxed all-trans configuration at the lumirhodopsin photointermediate. MAS-NMR analysis of [15N]lysine-labelled rhodopsin reveals the presence of a 'soft' counterion, requiring intermediate water molecules for stabilization. FT-IR studies on [2H]tyrosine-labelled rhodopsin demonstrate participation of several tyrosin(at)e residues in receptor activation. One of these, probably Tyr268, is already active at the bathorhodopsin stage. Finally, the effect of ligands with single additional methyl substituents in the C10-C12 region has been investigated. They do not affect the general activation pathway, but perturb the activation kinetics of rhodopsin, suggesting steric interference with protein residues. Possible implications of these results for a structural role of water residues will be discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J DeGrip
- University of Nijmegen, Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands
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Mathies R, Lugtenburg J. Chapter 2 The primary photoreaction of rhodopsin. HANDBOOK OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-8121(00)80005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yamamoto S, Wasada H, Kakitani T, Yamato T. Ab initio MO study on the potential energy surfaces for twisting around the C11C12 bond of the protonated Schiff base of retinal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(98)00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Garavelli M, Negri F, Olivucci M. Initial Excited-State Relaxation of the Isolated 11-cis Protonated Schiff Base of Retinal: Evidence for in-Plane Motion from ab Initio Quantum Chemical Simulation of the Resonance Raman Spectrum. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981719y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via F. Selmi, 2 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via F. Selmi, 2 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via F. Selmi, 2 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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