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Zima V, Gladwish O, Marek A, Tureček F. Nucleoside Cation Radicals: Generation, Radical-Induced Hydrogen Atom Migrations, and Ribose Ring Cleavage in the Gas Phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1594-1608. [PMID: 38842116 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nucleoside ions that were furnished on ribose with a 2'-O-acetyl radical group were generated in the gas phase by multistep collision-induced dissociation of precursor ions tagged with radical initiator groups, and their chemistry was investigated in the gas phase. 2'-O-Acetyladenosine cation radicals were found to undergo hydrogen transfer to the acetoxyl radical from the ribose ring positions that were elucidated using specific deuterium labeling of 1'-H, 2'-H, and 4'-H and in the N-H and O-H exchangeable positions, favoring 4'-H transfer. Ion structures and transition-state energies were calculated by a combination of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics and density functional theory and used to obtain unimolecular rate constants for competitive hydrogen transfer and loss of the acetoxyl radical. Migrations to the acetoxyl radical of ribose hydrogens 1'-H, 2'-H, 3'-H, and 4'-H were all exothermic, but product formation was kinetically controlled. Both Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) and transition-state theory (TST) calculations indicated preferential migration of 4'-H in a qualitative agreement with the deuterium labeling results. The hydrogen migrations displayed substantial isotope effects that along with quantum tunneling affected the relative rate constants and reaction branching ratios. UV-vis action spectroscopy indicated that the cation radicals from 2'-O-acetyladenosine consisted of a mixture of isomers. Radical-driven dissociations were also observed for protonated guanosine, cytosine, and thymidine conjugates. However, for those nucleoside ions and cation radicals, the dissociations were dominated by the loss of the nucleobase or formation of protonated nucleobase ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Zima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 351700 Bagley Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Owen Gladwish
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7078, United States
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 351700 Bagley Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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2
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Parker ML, Jian J, Gibson JK. Bond dissociation energies of low-valent lanthanide hydroxides: lower limits from ion-molecule reactions and comparisons with fluorides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11314-11326. [PMID: 33973581 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite that bond dissociation energies (BDEs) are among the most fundamental and relevant chemical properties they remain poorly characterized for most elementary lanthanide hydroxides and halides. Lanthanide ions Ln+ = Eu+, Tm+ and Yb+ are here shown to react with H2O to yield hydroxides LnOH+. Under low-energy conditions such reactions must be exothermic, which implies a lower limit of 499 kJ mol-1 for the Ln+-OH BDEs. This limit is significantly higher than previously reported for YbOH+ and is unexpectedly similar to the BDE for Yb+-F. To explain this apparent anomaly, it is considered feasible that the inefficient hydrolysis reactions observed here in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer may actually be endothermic. More definitive and broad-based evaluations and comparisons require additional and more reliable BDEs and ionization energies for key lanthanide molecules, and/or energies for ligand-exchange reactions like LnF + OH ↔ LnOH + F. The hydroxide results motivated an assessment of currently available lanthanide monohalide BDEs. Among several intriguing relationships is the distinctively higher BDE for neutral LuF versus cationic LuF+, though quantifying this comparison awaits a more accurate value for the anomalously high ionization energy of LuF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L Parker
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jiwen Jian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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3
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Liu Y, Ma C, Leonen CJA, Chatterjee C, Nováková G, Marek A, Tureček F. Tackling a Curious Case: Generation of Charge-Tagged Guanosine Radicals by Gas-Phase Electron Transfer and Their Characterization by UV-vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy and Theory. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:772-785. [PMID: 33567214 PMCID: PMC8579407 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of gas-phase riboguanosine radicals that were tagged at ribose with a fixed-charge 6-(trimethylammonium)hexane-1-aminocarbonyl group. The radical generation relied on electron transfer from fluoranthene anion to noncovalent dibenzocrown-ether dication complexes which formed nucleoside cation radicals upon one-electron reduction and crown-ether ligand loss. The cation radicals were characterized by collision-induced dissociation (CID), photodissociation (UVPD), and UV-vis action spectroscopy. Identification of charge-tagged guanosine radicals was challenging because of spontaneous dissociations by loss of a hydrogen atom and guanine that occurred upon storing the ions in the ion trap without further excitation. The loss of H proceeded from an exchangeable position on N-7 in guanine that was established by deuterium labeling and was the lowest energy dissociation of the guanosine radicals according to transition-state energy calculations. Rate constant measurements revealed an inverse isotope effect on the loss of either hydrogen or deuterium with rate constants kH = 0.25-0.26 s-1 and kD = 0.39-0.54 s-1. We used time-dependent density functional theory calculations, including thermal vibronic effects, to predict the absorption spectra of several protomeric radical isomers. The calculated spectra of low-energy N-7-H guanine-radical tautomers closely matched the action spectra. Transition-state-theory calculations of the rate constants for the loss of H-7 and guanine agreed with the experimental rate constants for a narrow range of ion effective temperatures. Our calculations suggest that the observed inverse isotope effect does not arise from the isotope-dependent differences in the transition-state energies. Instead, it may be caused by the dynamics of post-transition-state complexes preceding the product separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Congcong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Calvin J A Leonen
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Champak Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Gabriela Nováková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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4
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Huang SR, Tureček F. Cation Radicals of Hachimoji Nucleobases P and Z: Generation in the Gas Phase and Characterization by UV-Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy and Theory. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:373-386. [PMID: 33206519 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of gas-phase cation radicals of unusual nucleobases 5-aza-7-deazaguanine (P) and 6-amino-5-nitro-(1H)pyrid-2-one (Z) that have been used as building blocks of base-expanded (hachimoji) DNA. The cation radicals were generated by collision-induced intramolecular electron transfer and dissociation of ternary copper-terpyridine complexes. The cation radicals were characterized by deuterium labeling and tandem mass spectrometry including MS3 collision-induced dissociation, UV-vis photodissociation, and action spectroscopy. Vibronic absorption UV-vis spectra were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and compared with the action spectra to unequivocally assign the most closely matching structures for the gas-phase cation radicals. Ab initio calculations up to the coupled clusters-complete basis set (CCSD(T)/CBS) level of theory were used to rank by energy the P and Z neutral molecules and cation-radical isomers and provided transition-state and dissociation energies. The 5-aza-7-deazaguanine cation radicals were determined to have the canonical N-1-H, 6-oxo structure (P1+•) that was the global energy minimum within this group of isomers. The Z cation radicals were found to have the 1H-pyrid-2-one structure (Z1+•). The formation of P1+• and Z1+• was shown to be controlled by the solution thermodynamics of the Cu-terpyridine complexes and the kinetics of their dissociations. We also report and compare CCSD(T)/CBS-calculated adiabatic recombination energies of cation radicals for the entire hachimoji set of eight nucleobases, P+• (7.92 eV), Z+• (8.51 eV), S+• (8.51 eV), B+• (7.76 eV), T+• (8.98 eV), C+• (8.62 eV), A+• (8.32 eV), and G+• (7.97 eV), to assess the thermodynamics of base-to-base electron transfer following random ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu R Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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5
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Huang SR, Tureček F. Cation Radicals of Hachimoji Nucleobases. Canonical Purine and Noncanonical Pyrimidine Forms Generated in the Gas Phase and Characterized by UV–Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7101-7112. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu R. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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6
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Liu Y, Dang A, Urban J, Tureček F. Charge‐Tagged DNA Radicals in the Gas Phase Characterized by UV/Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
| | - Andy Dang
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
| | - Jan Urban
- Metagenics, Inc. Gig Harbor WA 98332 USA
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
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7
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Liu Y, Dang A, Urban J, Tureček F. Charge‐Tagged DNA Radicals in the Gas Phase Characterized by UV/Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7772-7777. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
| | - Andy Dang
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
| | - Jan Urban
- Metagenics, Inc. Gig Harbor WA 98332 USA
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
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8
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Liu Y, Huang SR, Tureček F. Guanine–adenine interactions in DNA tetranucleotide cation radicals revealed by UV/vis photodissociation action spectroscopy and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16831-16842. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-rich cation radicals (GATT + 2H)+˙ and (AGTT + 2H)+˙ represent oligonucleotide models of charged hydrogen atom adducts to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Shu R. Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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9
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Waller SE, Yang Y, Castracane E, Racow EE, Kreinbihl JJ, Nickson KA, Johnson CJ. The Interplay Between Hydrogen Bonding and Coulombic Forces in Determining the Structure of Sulfuric Acid-Amine Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1216-1222. [PMID: 29464955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid-base cluster chemistry drives atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), but the details of the growth mechanisms are difficult to experimentally probe. Clusters of ammonia, alkylamines, and sulfuric acid, species fundamental to NPF, are probed by infrared spectroscopy. These spectra show that substitution of amines for ammonia, which is linked to accelerated growth, induces profound structural rearrangement in clusters with initial compositions (NH4+) n+1(HSO4-) n (1 ≤ n ≤ 3). This rearrangement is driven by the loss of N-H hydrogen bond donors, yielding direct bisulfate-bisulfate hydrogen bonds, and its onset with respect to cluster composition indicates that more substituted amines induce rearrangement at smaller sizes. A simple model counting hydrogen bond donors and acceptors explains these observations. The presence of direct hydrogen bonds between formal anions shows that hydrogen bonding can compete with Coulombic forces in determining cluster structure. These results suggest that NPF mechanisms may be highly dependent on amine identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Waller
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Eleanor Castracane
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Emily E Racow
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Kathleen A Nickson
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
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10
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Zimmermann S, Kippenberger M, Schuster G, Crowley JN. Adsorption isotherms for hydrogen chloride (HCl) on ice surfaces between 190 and 220 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13799-810. [PMID: 27142478 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01962e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of hydrogen chloride (HCl) with ice surfaces at temperatures between 190 and 220 K was investigated using a coated-wall flow-tube connected to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. Equilibrium surface coverages of HCl were determined at gas phase concentrations as low as 2 × 10(9) molecules cm(-3) (∼4 × 10(-8) Torr at 200 K) to derive Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The data are described by a temperature independent partition coefficient: KLang = (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) with a saturation surface coverage Nmax = (2.0 ± 0.2) × 10(14) molecules cm(-2). The lack of a systematic dependence of KLang on temperature contrasts the behaviour of numerous trace gases which adsorb onto ice via hydrogen bonding and is most likely related to the ionization of HCl at the surface. The results are compared to previous laboratory studies, and the equilibrium partitioning of HCl to ice surfaces under conditions relevant to the atmosphere is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zimmermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - M Kippenberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - G Schuster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - J N Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Schlösser M, Rudnev V, González Ureña Á. Radio-frequency ion deflector for mass separation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:103302. [PMID: 26520948 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic cylindrical deflectors act as energy analyzer for ion beams. In this article, we present that by imposing of a radio-frequency modulation on the deflecting electric field, the ion transmission becomes mass dependent. By the choice of the appropriate frequency, amplitude, and phase, the deflector can be used as mass filter. The basic concept of the new instrument as well as simple mathematic relations are described. These calculations and further numerical simulations show that a mass sensitivity is achievable. Furthermore, we demonstrate the proof-of-principle in experimental measurements, compare the results to those of from a 1 m linear time-of-flight spectrometer, and comment on the mass resolution of the method. Finally, some potential applications are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Schlösser
- Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Plurisdisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Vitaly Rudnev
- Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Plurisdisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel González Ureña
- Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Plurisdisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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12
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Treu A, Rittner M, Kemken D, Schiebel HM, Spiteller P, Dülcks T. Loss of atomic nitrogen from even-electron ions? A study on benzodiazepines. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:978-986. [PMID: 28338276 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fragment spectra of protonated nitro-substituted benzodiazepines show an unusual fragment [M + H - 14]+ , which is shown by accurate mass measurement to be due to the loss of a nitrogen atom. Our investigations show that this apparent loss of atomic nitrogen is rather an attachment of molecular oxygen to the [M + H - NO2 ]+• ion, which is the main fragment ion in these spectra. The oxygen attachment is exothermic, and rate constants have been derived. MSn spectra show that it is not easily reversible upon fragmentation of the adduct ion and that it is also observed with some secondary and tertiary fragments, which allows to limit the attachment site to the aromatic ring annulated to the diazepine moiety. Fragments of the oxygen adduct ion indicate that the O2 molecule dissociates in the adduct formation process, and the two oxygen atoms are bound to different sites of the ion. Comparison with radical cations generated by fragmentation of non-nitro-substituted benzodiazepines, none of which showed an oxygen attachment, and the fragmentation mechanisms involved in their formation indicates that the [M + H - NO2 ]+• ion is a distonic ion with the charge and radical site neighbored on the aromatic ring. From these results, we derive a proposal for the formation and structure of the [M + H - NO2 + O2 ]+• ion, which explains the experimental observations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Treu
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Miriam Rittner
- SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1 (BITZ), Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Dorit Kemken
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Schiebel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
| | - Peter Spiteller
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Thomas Dülcks
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
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Donald WA, Khairallah GN, O'Hair RAJ. The effective temperature of ions stored in a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:811-815. [PMID: 23605688 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The extent of internal energy deposition into ions upon storage, radial ejection, and detection using a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer is investigated as a function of ion size (m/z 59 to 810) using seven ion-molecule thermometer reactions that have well characterized reaction entropies and enthalpies. The average effective temperatures of the reactants and products of the ion-molecule reactions, which were obtained from ion-molecule equilibrium measurements, range from 295 to 350 K and do not depend significantly on the number of trapped ions, m/z value, ion trap q z value, reaction enthalpy/entropy, or the number of vibrational degrees of freedom for the seven reactions investigated. The average of the effective temperature values obtained for all seven thermometer reactions is 318 ± 23 K, which indicates that linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers can be used to study the structure(s) and reactivity of ions at near ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, & Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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14
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Froyd KD, Lovejoy ER. Bond Energies and Structures of Ammonia–Sulfuric Acid Positive Cluster Ions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:5886-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl D. Froyd
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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15
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Bruhns H, Kreckel H, Miller K, Lestinsky M, Seredyuk B, Mitthumsiri W, Schmitt BL, Schnell M, Urbain X, Rappaport ML, Havener CC, Savin DW. A novel merged beams apparatus to study anion-neutral reactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:013112. [PMID: 20113086 DOI: 10.1063/1.3280227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel laboratory instrument for studying gas phase, anion-neutral chemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such apparatus which uses fast merged beams to investigate anion-neutral chemical reactions. As proof-of-principle we have detected the associative detachment reaction H(-)+H-->H(2)+e(-). Here we describe the apparatus in detail and discuss related technical and experimental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bruhns
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6601, USA
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Viehland LA, Danailov DM, Goeringer DE. Moment Theory of Ion-Neutral Reactions in Traps and Similar Devices. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2820-9. [PMID: 17388395 DOI: 10.1021/jp066096m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent moment theories of ion motion in traps and similar devices are extended to mixtures of neutral gases in which one or more components can undergo infrequent reaction with the ion of interest. Expressions are developed for the position and time dependence of the ion-neutral reaction rate coefficient in such circumstances. These expressions are incorporated into the sets of coupled differential equations that govern the average ion velocity and kinetic and internal energies. This provides a consistent description of the ion transport and reaction coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Viehland
- Science Division, Chatham College, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232-2813, USA.
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17
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Warneke C, Kato S, De Gouw JA, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Shao M, Lovejoy ER, Fall R, Fehsenfeld FC. Online volatile organic compound measurements using a newly developed proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry instrument during New England Air Quality Study--Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2004: performance, intercomparison, and compound identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:5390-7. [PMID: 16082971 DOI: 10.1021/es050602o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used a newly developed proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS) instrument for online trace gas analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the 2004 New England Air Quality Study-Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation study. The PIT-MS instrument uses proton-transfer reactions with H3O+ ions to ionize VOCs, similarto a PTR-MS (proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry) instrument but uses an ion trap mass spectrometer to analyze the product ions. The advantages of an ion trap are the improved identification of VOCs and a near 100% duty cycle. During the experiment, the PIT-MS instrument had a detection limit between 0.05 and 0.3 pbbv (S/N = 3 (signal-to-noise ratio)) for 2-min integration time for most tested VOCs. PIT-MS was used for ambient air measurements onboard a research ship and agreed well with a gas chromatography mass spectrometer). The comparison included oxygenated VOCs, aromatic compounds, and others such as isoprene, monoterpenes, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfide. Automated collision-induced dissociation measurements were used to determine the contributions of acetone and propanal to the measured signal at 59 amu; both species are detected at this mass and are thus indistinguishable in conventional PTR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Warneke
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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Gronert S. Quadrupole ion trap studies of fundamental organic reactions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:100-120. [PMID: 15389862 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, quadrupole ion traps have become important instruments in the study of gas phase ion/molecule reactions. As a part of this work, they have been employed in a number of studies focused on fundamental organic reaction mechanisms. In this review, the general features and limitations of quadrupole ion traps are discussed followed by a description of representative ion trap studies of organic reaction mechanisms such as substitution, elimination, and acyl transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gronert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA.
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19
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Karl T. Senescing grass crops as regional sources of reactive volatile organic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Viehland LA, Goeringer DE. Kinetic theory of radio frequency quadrupole ion traps. I. Trapping of atomic ions in a pure atomic gas. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:9090-103. [PMID: 15267845 DOI: 10.1063/1.1691405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic theory based on the Boltzmann equation is developed for the trapping of atomic ions in a radio-frequency quadrupole ion trap containing enough neutral atoms that ion-neutral collisions cannot be ignored. The collisions are treated at the same level of sophistication and detail as is used to deal with the time- and space-dependent electric fields in the trap. As a result, microscopic definitions are obtained for the damping and stochastic forces that originate from such collisions. These definitions contrast with corresponding phenomenological terms added ad hoc in previous treatments to create damped Mathieu and Langevin equations, respectively. Furthermore, the theory indicates that either collisional cooling or heating of the ions is possible, depending upon details of the ion-neutral mass ratios and interaction potential. The kinetic theory is not dependent on any special assumptions about the electric field strengths, the ion-neutral interaction potentials, or the ion-neutral mass ratio. It also provides an ab initio way to describe the ion kinetic energies, temperatures, and other properties by a series of successive approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Viehland
- Division of Science, Chatham College, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
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Prazeller P, Palmer PT, Boscaini E, Jobson T, Alexander M. Proton transfer reaction ion trap mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:1593-1599. [PMID: 12845585 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry is a relatively new field that has attracted a great deal of interest in the last few years. This technique uses H(3)O(+) as a chemical ionization (CI) reagent to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the parts per billion by volume (ppbv) to parts per trillion by volume (pptv) range. Mass spectra acquired with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) are simple because proton transfer chemical ionization is "soft" and results in little or no fragmentation. Unfortunately, peak identification can still be difficult due to isobaric interferences. A possible solution to this problem is to couple the PTR drift tube to an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). The use of an ITMS is appealing because of its ability to perform MS/MS and possibly distinguish between isomers and other isobars. Additionally, the ITMS duty cycle is much higher than that of a linear quadrupole so faster data acquisition rates are possible that will allow for detection of multiple compounds. Here we present the first results from a proton transfer reaction ion trap mass spectrometer (PTR-ITMS). The aim of this study was to investigate ion injection and storage efficiency of a simple prototype instrument in order to estimate possible detection limits of a second-generation instrument. Using this prototype a detection limit of 100 ppbv was demonstrated. Modifications are suggested that will enable further reduction in detection limits to the low-ppbv to high-pptv range. Furthermore, the applicability of MS/MS in differentiating between isobaric species was determined. MS/MS spectra of the isobaric compounds methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) are presented and show fragments of different mass making differentiation possible, even when a mixture of both species is present in the same sample. However, MS/MS spectra of acetone and propanal produce fragments with the same molecular masses but with different intensity ratios. This allows quantitative distinction only if one species is predominant. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed to explain the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Prazeller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3020 Q Avenue, K8-93, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Jackson GP, King FL, Goeringer DE, Duckworth DC. Gas-Phase Reactions of U+ and U2+ with O2 and H2O in a Quadrupole Ion Trap. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0259420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen P. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, and Chemical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - Fred L. King
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, and Chemical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - Douglas E. Goeringer
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, and Chemical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - Douglas C. Duckworth
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, and Chemical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
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Curtius J, Froyd KD, Lovejoy ER. Cluster Ion Thermal Decomposition (I): Experimental Kinetics Study and ab Initio Calculations for HSO4-(H2SO4)x(HNO3)y. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0124950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Curtius
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305
| | - Karl D. Froyd
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305
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Lovejoy ER, Bianco R. Temperature Dependence of Cluster Ion Decomposition in a Quadrupole Ion Trap. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001216q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. Lovejoy
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
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Fujii T. Alkali-metal ion/molecule association reactions and their applications to mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2000; 19:111-138. [PMID: 10902109 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2787(200005/06)19:3<111::aid-mas1>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review will be concerned primarily with thermal alkali-metal ion association reactions of the general type: A+ + M + N reversible (A + M)+ + N. Where A denotes a positively charged alkali metal ion, M is neutral species and N works as a third body. As indicated, most association reactions are reversible, and the A-M bond derives primarily from electrostatic forces whose energy (affinity) is typically 50 kcal/mol or less, often much less. The review includes reaction mechanism, instrumentation, and application to mass spectrometry, together with reaction rates and alkali ion affinities of the classified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujii
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan.
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