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Trimithioti M, Hayes SC. Resonance Raman intensity analysis of ClNO(2) dissolved in methanol. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:300-10. [PMID: 23237473 DOI: 10.1021/jp3085777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Halogens such as chlorine are converted from halides, including ClNO(2), to reactive radicals by UV solar radiation. These radicals can affect ozone production and destruction in the stratosphere. Recently, it became clear that halogen radicals can also play a significant role in the chemistry of the troposphere. The photochemistry of ClNO(2) has been the subject of several studies in the gas and solid state that demonstrated a clear phase-dependent reactivity. Here, we report our initial studies of nitryl chloride in solution. Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of ClNO(2) dissolved in methanol after excitation within the 1(1)A(1)-2(1)A(1) absorption band (D band) in the region 200-240 nm are presented. RR intensity along the NO symmetric stretch coordinate (v(1)) at 1291 cm(-1) is observed at all excitation wavelengths, whereas limited intensity corresponding to the transition of the N-Cl symmetric stretch (v(3)) was only observed at 199.8 nm, whereas no intensity corresponding to the O-N-O symmetric bend (v(2)) was observed. Depolarization ratios and absolute resonance Raman cross sections for v(1) were obtained at several excitation wavelengths spanning the D band. Depolarization ratios were found to deviate significantly from 1/3, consistent with more than a single dipole-allowed electronic transition contributing to the scattering. RR intensity analysis (RRIA) reveals that two closely spaced excited electronic states contribute to the scattering, which are dissociative along the Cl-N coordinate. In this study the role the solvent environment plays in ClNO(2) state energetics and excited structural evolution along fundamental coordinates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Trimithioti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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2
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Hayes SC, Wallace PM, Bolinger JC, Reid PJ. Investigating the phase-dependent photochemical reaction dynamics of chlorine dioxide using resonance Raman spectroscopy. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350210156024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Bixby TJ, Bolinger JC, Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Femtosecond pump-probe studies of actinic-wavelength dependence in aqueous chlorine dioxide photochemistry. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:154503. [PMID: 19388755 DOI: 10.1063/1.3116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The actinic or photolysis-wavelength dependence of aqueous chlorine dioxide (OClO) photochemistry is investigated using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Following photoexcitation at 310, 335, and 410 nm the photoinduced evolution in optical density is measured from the UV to the near IR. Analysis of the optical-density evolution illustrates that the quantum yield for atomic chlorine production (Phi(Cl)) increases with actinic energy, with Phi(Cl)=0.16+/-0.02 for 410 nm excitation and increasing to 0.25+/-0.01 and 0.54+/-0.10 for 335 and 310 nm excitations, respectively. Consistent with previous studies, the production of Cl occurs through two channels, with one channel corresponding to prompt (<5 ps) Cl formation and the other corresponding to the thermal decomposition of ClOO formed by OClO photoisomerization. The partitioning between Cl production channels is dependent on actinic energy, with prompt Cl production enhanced with an increase in actinic energy. Limited evidence is found for enhanced ClO production with an increase in actinic energy. Stimulated emission and excited-state absorption features associated with OClO populating the optically prepared (2)A(2) surface decrease with an increase in actinic energy suggesting that the excited-state decay dynamics are also actinic energy dependent. The studies presented here provide detailed information on the actinic-wavelength dependence of OClO photochemistry in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Bixby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Gunnerson KN, Brooksby C, Prezhdo OV, Reid PJ. Nonequilibrium versus equilibrium molecular dynamics studies of solvation dynamics after photoexcitation of OClO. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2790422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. The Phase-dependent Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of Halooxides and Nitrosyl Halides¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Reduced mechanism for the 366nm chlorine dioxide photodecomposition in N2-saturated aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bolinger JC, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. Time resolved infrared absorption studies of geminate recombination and vibrational relaxation in OClO photochemistry. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4795-803. [PMID: 15332913 DOI: 10.1063/1.1778373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved infrared absorption studies of aqueous chlorine dioxide (OClO) photochemistry are reported. Following photoexcitation at 401 nm, the evolution in optical density at frequencies between 1000 to 1100 cm(-1) is monitored to investigate vibrational energy deposition and relaxation along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate following the reformation of ground-state OClO via geminate recombination of the primary photofragments. The measured kinetics are compared to two proposed models for the vibrational-relaxation dynamics along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. This comparison demonstrates that the perturbation model derived from molecular dynamics studies is capable of qualitatively reproducing the observed kinetics, where the collisional model employed in previous UV-pump, visible probe experiments demonstrates poor agreement with experiment. The ability of the perturbation model to reproduce the optical-density evolution observed in these studies demonstrates that for aqueous OClO, frequency dependence of the solvent-solute coupling is important in defining the level-dependent vibrational relaxation rates along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. The absence of optical-density evolution corresponding to the population of higher vibrational levels (n>8) along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate suggests that following geminate recombination, energy is initially deposited into a local Cl-O stretch, with the relaxation of vibrational energy from this coordinate providing for delayed vibrational excitation of the asymmetric- and symmetric-stretch coordinates relative to geminate recombination, as previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Bolinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. The Phase-dependent Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of Halooxides and Nitrosyl Halides¶. Photochem Photobiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0386:tpprdo>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brooksby C, Prezhdo OV, Reid PJ. Molecular dynamics study of the weakly solvent dependent relaxation dynamics following chlorine dioxide photoexcitation. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1614203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McLaughlin RP, Nyholm BP, Reid PJ. Absolute Resonance Raman Intensity Analysis of Isopropyl Nitrate in the Condensed Phase. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030620x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bethany P. Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Krishnan GM, Mahapatra S. Probing the 2B2–2A1 conically intersecting electronic states of ClO2 through photodetachment spectroscopy of its negative ion. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1566946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Witke K, Steiger T, Jancke H, Beining K, Polak W. Investigations of Structure and Stability of the Tetrachlorinedecaoxide Anion Complex (TCDO). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3749(200203)628:3<707::aid-zaac707>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Reid PJ. Investigating the Phase-Dependent Reactivity of Chlorine Dioxide Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013491y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Hayes SC, Thomsen CL, Reid PJ. The production and decay kinetics of ClOO in water and freon-11: A time-resolved resonance raman study. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1418733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hayes SC, Cooksey CC, Wallace PM, Reid PJ. Femtosecond UV Pump/Near-IR Probe Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Excited-State Decay Dynamics of Chlorine Dioxide. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011831+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reid PJ. Understanding the phase-dependent reactivity of chlorine dioxide using resonance Raman spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2001; 34:691-8. [PMID: 11560468 DOI: 10.1021/ar010064u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the phase-dependent reactivity of chlorine dioxide (OClO) is outlined. Resonance Raman intensity analysis studies of gaseous and solution-phase OClO are presented which demonstrate that the optically prepared excited state undergoes significant modification in solution. In addition, time-resolved resonance Raman studies are presented which demonstrate that geminate recombination of the primary photoproducts, resulting in the re-formation of ground-state OClO, dominates the photochemical reaction dynamics in solution. The current picture of aqueous OClO photochemistry derived from these studies is discussed, and future directions of investigation are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Foster CE, Barham BP, Reid PJ. Resonance Raman intensity analysis of chlorine dioxide dissolved in chloroform: The role of nonpolar solvation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1362297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fidder H, Tschirschwitz F, Dühr O, Nibbering ETJ. Vibrational mode-specific photochemical reaction dynamics of chlorine dioxide in solution. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1357202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Csordás V, Bubnis B, Fábián I, Gordon G. Kinetics and mechanism of catalytic decomposition and oxidation of chlorine dioxide by the hypochlorite ion. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:1833-6. [PMID: 11312739 DOI: 10.1021/ic001106y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of ClO(2) by OCl(-)is first order with respect to both reactants in the neutral to alkaline pH range: -d[ClO(2)]/dt = 2k(OCl)[ClO(2)][OCl(-)]. The rate constant (T = 298 K, mu = 1.0 M NaClO(4)) and activation parameters are k(OCl) = 0.91 +/- 0.02 M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH = 66.5 +/- 0.9 kJ/mol, and DeltaS(++) = -22.3 +/- 2.9 J/(mol K). In alkaline solution, pH > 9, the primary products of the reaction are the chlorite and chlorate ions and consumption of the hypochlorite ion is not observed. The hypochlorite ion is consumed in increasing amounts, and the production of the chlorite ion ceases when the pH is decreased. The stoichiometry is kinetically controlled, and the reactants/products ratios are determined by the relative rates of the production and consumption of the chlorite ion in the ClO(2)/OCl(-) and HOCl/ClO(2)(-) reactions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Csordás
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O.B. 21, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
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Philpott MP, Hayes SC, Thomsen CL, Reid PJ. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in chlorine dioxide photochemistry: A time-resolved resonance Raman study. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thomsen CL, Philpott MP, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. The formation of ClOO following the photoexcitation of aqueous OClO studied by two-color, time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Esposito A, Reid P, Rousslang K. A resonance Raman study of Cl2O photochemistry in solution: evidence for ClClO formation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hayes SC, Philpott MP, Mayer SG, Reid PJ. A Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of Chlorine Dioxide Photochemistry in Water and Acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9914065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matthew P. Philpott
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven G. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Esposito AP, Stedl T, Jónsson H, Reid PJ, Peterson KA. Absorption and Resonance Raman Study of the 2B1(X)−2A2(A) Transition of Chlorine Dioxide in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984368i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Todd Stedl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630
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Philpott MJ, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. Femtosecond pump–probe studies of chlorine dioxide photochemistry in water and acetonitrile. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hayes SC, Philpott MJ, Reid PJ. Geminate recombination and vibrational relaxation dynamics of aqueous chlorine dioxide: A time-resolved resonance Raman study. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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