1
|
Antonov DV, Islamova AG, Strizhak PA. Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces: Features of Interaction with Liquid Drops. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5932. [PMID: 37687631 PMCID: PMC10488358 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The processes of interaction of liquid droplets with solid surfaces have become of interest to many researchers. The achievements of world science should be used for the development of technologies for spray cooling, metal hardening, inkjet printing, anti-icing surfaces, fire extinguishing, fuel spraying, etc. Collisions of drops with surfaces significantly affect the conditions and characteristics of heat transfer. One of the main areas of research into the interaction of drops with solid surfaces is the modification of the latter. Changes in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of surfaces give the materials various functional properties-increased heat transfer, resistance to corrosion and biofouling, anti-icing, etc. This review paper describes methods for obtaining hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The features of the interaction of liquid droplets with such surfaces are considered. The existing and possible applications of modified surfaces are discussed, as well as topical areas of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii V. Antonov
- Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.V.A.); (A.G.I.)
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anastasya G. Islamova
- Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.V.A.); (A.G.I.)
| | - Pavel A. Strizhak
- Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.V.A.); (A.G.I.)
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhizhchenko AY, Shabalina AV, Aljulaih AA, Gurbatov SO, Kuchmizhak AA, Iwamori S, Kulinich SA. Stability of Octadecyltrimethoxysilane-Based Coatings on Aluminum Alloy Surface. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051804. [PMID: 35269035 PMCID: PMC8911556 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term stability in contact with water of organosilane layers formed by octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) on polished aluminum alloy (AA2024) through dip-coating was studied by combining SEM, water contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Similar organosilane layers were formed on AA2024 coated with permanganate conversion coating, 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) and hydrated SiOx as under-layers, after which their long-term durability was also tested. During immersion in water for about one month, all the samples exhibited a decrease in hydrophobicity, implying the prepared organosilane layer was not stable over time, gradually hydrolyzing and letting water interact with the underlying layer. In parallel, SEM images of one-layer samples taken after immersion showed clear signs of local electrochemical corrosion, while XPS analysis confirmed a loss of silicon from the surface layer. The highest stability over time was demonstrated by a one-layer sample prepared in an ethanol/water bath for 5 min and by a similar ODTMS layer prepared on hydrated MnOx as an under-layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y. Zhizhchenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia; (A.Y.Z.); (S.O.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V. Shabalina
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Ali A. Aljulaih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; (A.A.A.); (S.I.)
- Division of Physical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stanislav O. Gurbatov
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia; (A.Y.Z.); (S.O.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia; (A.Y.Z.); (S.O.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Satoru Iwamori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; (A.A.A.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergei A. Kulinich
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia; (A.Y.Z.); (S.O.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; (A.A.A.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Senadheera DII, Kuruppu Arachchige NMK, Subasinghege Don V, Kumar R, Garno JC. Heterogeneous assembly of water from the vapor phase-Physical experiments and simulations with binding trifunctional organosilanes at the vapor/solid interface. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:214705. [PMID: 34240973 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A trace amount of interfacial water is required to initiate hydrosilation reactions of trifunctional organosilanes to form surface assemblies. In recent studies, we have learned that water also has a critical role in directing molecular placement on surfaces because water can react with silicon to provide oxygenated sites for surface binding. Consequently, the wettability nature of substrates influences the placement and density of organosilane films formed by vapor-phase reactions. Nanopatterning protocols were designed using vapor-phase organosilanes and colloidal lithography to compare the wettability differences of hydrophilic mica(0001) compared to relatively hydrophobic Si(100) as a strategy for tracking the location of water on surfaces. The competition between hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains for the adsorption and coalescence of water condensed from vapor can be mapped indirectly by mapping the organosilanes, which bind to water at the solid interface, using atomic force microscopy. Trifunctional octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was used as a marker molecule to map out the areas of the surface where water was deposited. The effect of systematic changes in film thickness and surface coverage of OTS was evaluated at the vapor/solid interface by adding an incremental amount of water to sealed reaction vessels to wet the surface and assessing the outcome after reaction with vapor-phase trichlorosilane. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of the silicon-water vapor interface combined with electronic structure calculations of oxygenated silicon clusters with methyltrichlorosilane provided insight of the mechanism for surface binding, toward understanding the nature of the interface and wettability factors, which influence the association and placement of silane molecules on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I I Senadheera
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - Visal Subasinghege Don
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Revati Kumar
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jayne C Garno
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cichomski M, Prowizor M, Kowalczyk DA, Sikora A, Batory D, Dudek M. Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Carboxylic and Phosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers Created on a Ti-6Al-4V Substrate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5137. [PMID: 33202592 PMCID: PMC7698310 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the tribological properties in nano- and millinewton load ranges of Ti‑6Al-4V surfaces that were modified using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylic and phosphonic acids. The effectiveness of the creation of SAMs with the use of the liquid phase deposition (LPD) technique was monitored by the contact angle measurement, the surface free energy (SFE) calculation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The obtained results indicated that more stable and well-ordered layers, which were characterized by the lowest values of the coefficient of friction, adhesion, and wear rate, were obtained using phosphonic acid as a surface modifier. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by phosphonic acid would be the most advantageous for practical applications, especially in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Cichomski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Milena Prowizor
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dorota Anna Kowalczyk
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Sikora
- Department of Nanometrology, Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Damian Batory
- Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals in Machine Design, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Dudek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kékicheff P. The long-range attraction between hydrophobic macroscopic surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:191-215. [PMID: 31277036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Direct measurements of the long-range strongly attractive force observed between macroscopic hydrophobic surfaces across aqueous solutions are reexamined in light of recent experiments and theoretical developments. The focus is on systems in the absence of submicroscopic bubbles (preexistent or induced) to avoid capillary bridging forces. Other possible interferences to the measurements are also eliminated. The force-distance profiles are obtained directly (no contributions from electrical double layer or hydrodynamics) between symmetric identical hydrophobic surfaces, overall charge-neutral, at the thermodynamic equilibrium and in a quenched state. Therefore in the well-defined geometry of crossed-cylinders, sphere-flat, or sphere-sphere, there is no additional interaction to be considered except the ever-present dispersion forces, negligible at large separations. For the three main categories of substrates rendered hydrophobic, namely surfaces obtained with surfactant monolayers physically adsorbed from solution to deposited ones, and substrates coated with a hydrophobizing agent bonded chemically onto the surface, the interaction energy scales as A exp (-2κD)/2κD at large separations, with measured decay lengths in accord with theoretical predictions, simply being half the Debye screening length, κ-1/2, at least in non vanishing electrolyte. Taken together with the prefactor A scaling as the ionic strength, the interaction energy is demonstrated to have an electrostatic origin in all the systems. Thanks to our recent SFAX coupling force measurements with x-ray solution scattering under controlled nano-confinement, the microstructuration of the adsorbed film emerges as an essential feature in the molecular mechanism for explaining the observed attraction of larger magnitude than dispersion forces. The adsorption of pairs of positive and negative ions on small islands along the interface, the fluctuation of the surface charge density around a zero mean-value with desorption into or adsorption from the electrolyte solution, the correlations in the local surface ion concentrations along the surfaces, the redistribution of counterions upon intersurface variation, all contribute and are tuned finely by the inhomogeneities and defects present in the hydrophobic layers. It appears that the magnitude of the interacting energy can be described by a single master curve encompassing all the systems.
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang CJ, Zheng YY. Controlled Silanization Using Functional Silatrane for Thin and Homogeneous Antifouling Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1662-1671. [PMID: 30086630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organosilicons for surface modification are gaining prominence because of their easy and rapid preparation, high availability, and effective modification for varying interfacial properties. However, their implementation has been humbled by poor control of the packing density, thickness, and molecular structures due to the uncontrollable hydrolysis and condensation. This study reports for the first time new functional silatrane chemistry for the precision deposition of a thin and homogeneous zwitterionic coating. Sulfobetaine silatrane (SBSiT) has a tricyclic caged structure and a transannular N → Si dative bond, which shows excellent chemical stability in the presence of water and an acid-modulated hydrolysis characteristic. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate the progressive deposition of SBSiT on a silicon surface. Characterization using atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry shows the uniform and thin SBSiT films on silicon surfaces. The superior antifouling properties of SBSiT coatings were demonstrated by resisting bacterial and protein adsorption. More importantly, the stable and complete formation of the SBSiT coatings allows an accurate interpretation of the interfacial phenomena for sensing and nanomaterial applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang S, So LLC, Faucher S, Xi L. Polymer Coating over Solid Particles with In Situ Thermal Curing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimiao Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | | | | | - Li Xi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hinman SS, Chen CY, Duan J, Cheng Q. Calcinated gold nanoparticle arrays for on-chip, multiplexed and matrix-free mass spectrometric analysis of peptides and small molecules. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1665-75. [PMID: 26694584 PMCID: PMC5412507 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06635b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A patterned gold nanoparticle microarray, functionalized with a nanoscale silicate coating, has been developed for on-chip, high-throughput mass spectrometric analyses of biomolecules with minimal sample preparation and reagent costs. Fabrication was realized by the combination of layer-by-layer functionalization of the nanoparticles with suitable polyelectrolytes, followed by fluidic patterning of the glass microarray support and calcination for permanent fixation of the nano-coating. Performance of the microarray was evaluated for surface-assisted laser-desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS), where the nano-silicate coating was found to enhance SALDI efficiency, resulting in comparable performance to some common organic matrices for small and medium sized molecules. Performance contributing factors of this material have been discussed; heat confinement and interband transition/plasmonic resonance may play important roles. Taking the accessibility of fabrication, performance, and reusability of this substrate together, the material developed here provides a new tool for multiplexed and chip-based mass spectrometric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jicheng Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Quan Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu C, Shen L, Guo W, Ruan S. An organosilane self-assembled monolayer incorporated into polymer solar cells enabling interfacial coherence to improve charge transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16005-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An organosilane self-assembled monolayer is introduced onto a TiO2transporting layer to improve electron extraction for polymer solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengping Ruan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang P, Zhang D, Lu Z. Slippery liquid-infused porous surface bio-inspired by pitcher plant for marine anti-biofouling application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
Mahapatro A. Bio-functional nano-coatings on metallic biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:227-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Bonazza K, Gaderer R, Neudl S, Przylucka A, Allmaier G, Druzhinina IS, Grothe H, Friedbacher G, Seidl-Seiboth V. The fungal cerato-platanin protein EPL1 forms highly ordered layers at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1723-32. [PMID: 25599344 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerato-platanin proteins (CPPs) and hydrophobins are two classes of small, secreted proteins that are exclusively found in fungi. CPPs are known as chitin-binding proteins, and were recently also shown to form protein layers at air/water interfaces, but the features of these layers were not investigated on the molecular level yet. In this study, by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), EPL1, a member of the CPP family was shown to form highly ordered monolayers at a hydrophobic surface/liquid-interface. Furthermore, two new hydrophobins were analysed, and the influence of EPL1 on hydrophobin layers was studied in situ. Hydrophobins are amphiphilic proteins that are able to self-assemble at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces, thereby inverting the polarity of the surface. This renders fungal growth structures such as spores water repellent. The combination of AFM data and wettability experiments led to the conclusion that in presence of both, hydrophobins and EPL1, a previously unknown hybrid layer is formed. This mixed protein layer is on one hand not inverting but enhancing the hydrophobicity of HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite), typical for EPL1, and on the other hand, it is stable and water insoluble, which is reminiscent of hydrophobin layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bonazza
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vutti S, Buch-Månson N, Schoffelen S, Bovet N, Martinez KL, Meldal M. Covalent and Stable CuAAC Modification of Silicon Surfaces for Control of Cell Adhesion. Chembiochem 2015; 16:782-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
14
|
Park H, Rosencrantz RR, Elling L, Böker A. Glycopolymer Brushes for Specific Lectin Binding by Controlled Multivalent Presentation ofN-Acetyllactosamine Glycan Oligomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:45-54. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Park
- DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials; Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials; Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma S, Yong D, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han X. A Universal Approach for the Reversible Phase Transfer of Hydrophilic Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2014; 20:15580-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Kulkarni SA, Lyles VD, Serem WK, Lu L, Kumar R, Garno JC. Solvent-responsive properties of octadecyltrichlorosiloxane nanostructures investigated using atomic force microscopy in liquid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5466-5473. [PMID: 24788214 DOI: 10.1021/la500799u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An emerging challenge for nanoscale measurements is to capture and quantify the magnitude of structural changes in response to environmental changes. Certain environmental parameters can affect the nanoscale morphology of samples, such as changing the pH, solvent polarity, ionic strength, and temperature. We prepared test platforms of n-octadecyltrichlorosilane ring nanostructures to study surface morphology changes at the nanoscale in selected liquid media compared to dry conditions in air. Particle lithography combined with organosilane vapor deposition was used to fabricate nanostructures of regular dimensions. Multilayer nanostructures of OTS were used as a test platform for scanning probe studies of solvent-responsive properties where the sides of designed ring structures expose a 3D interface for studying the interaction of solvents with molecular side groups. In dry, ambient conditions, nanostructures of OTS were first imaged using contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Next, ethanol or buffer was introduced to the sample cell, and images were acquired using the same probe. We observed substantial changes in the lateral and vertical dimensions of the ring nanostructures in AFM topography frames; the sizes of the rings were observed to swell by tens of nanometers. Even after heat treatment of samples to promote cross-linking, the samples still evidenced swelling in liquid media. This research will have consequences for studies of the properties of nanomaterials, such as solvent-responsive organic films and polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka A Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian T, LeJeune ZM, Garno JC. Directed surface assembly of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane: self-polymerization within spatially confined sites of Si(111) viewed by atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6529-6536. [PMID: 23642013 DOI: 10.1021/la4010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The self-polymerization of 4-chloromethylphenyltrichlorosilane (CMPS) was studied within spatially confined nanoholes on Si(111) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface platforms of nanoholes were fabricated within a film of octadecyltrichlorosilane using immersion particle lithography. A heating step was developed to temporarily solder the silica mesospheres to the surface, to enable sustained immersion of mesoparticle masks in solvent solutions for the particle lithography protocol. Substrates with a film of mesospheres were heated briefly to anneal the particles to the surface, followed by a rinsing step with sonication to remove the silica beads to generate nanopores within an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film. Nanopatterned surface templates were immersed in CMPS solutions and removed at different time points to monitor the successive growth of nanostructures over time. Analysis of AFM images after progressive exposure of the nanoholes to solutions of CMPS provided quantitative information and details of the surface self-assembly reaction. Pillar nanostructures of CMPS with different heights and diameters were produced exclusively within the exposed areas of the substrates. Throughout the reaction, the surrounding matrix of OTS-passivated substrate did not evidence growth of CMPS; the surface assembly of CMPS was strictly confined within the nanopores. The diameter of the CMPS nanostructures grew to match the initial sizes of the confined areas of Si(111) but did not spread out beyond the edges of the OTS nanocontainers. However, the vertical growth of columns was affected by the initial size of the sites of uncovered substrate, evidencing a direct correspondence; larger sites produced taller structures, and correspondingly the growth of shorter structures was observed within smaller nanoholes. The heights of CMPS nanostructures indicate that multilayers were formed, with taller columns generated after longer immersion times. These experiments offer intriguing possibilities for using particle lithography as a general approach for nanoscale studies of molecular self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Palantavida S, Guz NV, Woodworth CD, Sokolov I. Ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles for prescreening of cervical cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:1255-62. [PMID: 23665420 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report on the first functional use of recently introduced ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which are functionalized with folic acid, to distinguish cancerous and precancerous cervical epithelial cells from normal cells. The high brightness of the particles is advantageous for fast and reliable identification of both precancerous and cancerous cells. Normal and cancer cells were isolated from three healthy women and three cancer patients. Three precancerous cell lines were derived by immortalization of primary cultures of normal cells with human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16) DNA. We observed substantially different particle internalization by normal and cancerous/precancerous cells after a short incubation time of 15 minutes. Compared to HPV-DNA and cell pathology tests, which are currently used for prescreening of cervical cancer, we demonstrated that the specificity of our method was similar (94-95%), whereas its sensitivity was significantly better (95-97%) than the sensitivity of those currently used tests (30-80%). FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of investigators reports on the development of a new screening test for cervical cancer using ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid, enabling significantly better sensitivity (95-97% vs. 30-80%) and maintained specificity (94-95%) compared with current clinical tests. This test should find a way to clinical use in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shajesh Palantavida
- Departments of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 01255, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
London G, Carroll GT, Feringa BL. Silanization of quartz, silicon and mica surfaces with light-driven molecular motors: construction of surface-bound photo-active nanolayers. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3477-83. [PMID: 23592007 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of molecular rotary motors containing triethoxysilane functional groups to quartz, silicon and mica surfaces is described. Motors containing silane coupling agents in their structure form stable molecular layers on quartz and silicon surfaces. Motors attached to these surfaces were found to undergo photochemical and thermal isomerization steps similar to those observed in solution. Additionally, successful formation of molecular "carpets" on atomically flat mica extending micrometer-sized length scales is presented. These "carpets" were found to undergo morphological changes upon irradiation with UV-light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor London
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Golriz AA, Kaule T, Untch MB, Kolman K, Berger R, Gutmann JS. Redox active polymer brushes with phenothiazine moieties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2485-2494. [PMID: 23406201 DOI: 10.1021/am302869d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated two different concepts to synthesize redox active polymer brushes using surface initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This polymerization technique allows the synthesis of well-defined grafted polymer brushes. In the initial step the surface was functionalized with a self-assembling monolayer of the SI-ATRP starter. Then, polymer brushes carrying phenothiazine moieties were grafted from the surface via SI-ATRP. The first concept consists of polymerizing monomers with phenothiazine pendant moieties to directly incorporate the redox functionality as side group in the growing polymer brush. The second concept consists of using grafted activated ester brushes which are functionalized with phenothiazine redox moieties in a successive reaction step. The electrochemical properties of the grafted redox active brushes were examined by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the surface morphology and the chemical composition of the polymer brushes were characterized using scanning force microscopy (SFM), X-ray techniques, and UV/vis spectroscopy. Apart from their redox behavior, the synthesized brushes revealed increased mechanical stability on the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Golriz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ajami E, Aguey-Zinsou KF. Functionalization of electropolished titanium surfaces with silane-based self-assembled monolayers and their application in drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 385:258-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Ashu-Arrah BA, Glennon JD, Albert K. Synthesis and characterisation of bonded mercaptopropyl silica intermediate stationary phases prepared using multifunctional alkoxysilanes in supercritical carbon dioxide as a reaction solvent. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1222:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Desbief S, Patrone L, Goguenheim D, Vuillaume D. Different types of phase separation in binary monolayers of long chain alkyltrichlorosilanes on silicon oxide. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Saner CK, Lusker KL, LeJeune ZM, Serem WK, Garno JC. Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:114-22. [PMID: 22428102 PMCID: PMC3304319 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Particle lithography offers generic capabilities for the high-throughput fabrication of nanopatterns from organosilane self-assembled monolayers, which offers the opportunity to study surface-based chemical reactions at the molecular level. Nanopatterns of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) were prepared on surfaces of Si(111) using designed protocols of particle lithography combined with either vapor deposition, immersion, or contact printing. Changing the physical approaches for applying molecules to masked surfaces produced OTS nanostructures with different shapes and heights. Ring nanostructures, nanodots and uncovered pores of OTS were prepared using three protocols, with OTS surface coverage ranging from 10% to 85%. Thickness measurements from AFM cursor profiles were used to evaluate the orientation and density of the OTS nanostructures. Differences in the thickness and morphology of the OTS nanostructures are disclosed based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Images of OTS nanostructures prepared on Si(111) that were generated by the different approaches provide insight into the self-assembly mechanism of OTS, and particularly into the role of water and solvents in hydrolysis and silanation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChaMarra K Saner
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Telephone: +1 225 578 8942; Fax: +1 225 578 3458
| | - Kathie L Lusker
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Telephone: +1 225 578 8942; Fax: +1 225 578 3458
| | - Zorabel M LeJeune
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Telephone: +1 225 578 8942; Fax: +1 225 578 3458
| | - Wilson K Serem
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Telephone: +1 225 578 8942; Fax: +1 225 578 3458
| | - Jayne C Garno
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Telephone: +1 225 578 8942; Fax: +1 225 578 3458
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
CHAIJAREENONT P, TAKAHASHI H, NISHIYAMA N, ARKSORNNUKIT M. Effects of silane coupling agents and solutions of different polarity on PMMA bonding to alumina. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:610-6. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Lee LT, Ube T, Aoki H, Ito S. Characterization of surface compositions of phase-separated structures in conjugated poly(phenylene vinylene) blends by scanning near-field optical microscopy. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
27
|
Lusker KL, Li JR, Garno JC. Nanostructures of functionalized gold nanoparticles prepared by particle lithography with organosilanes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13269-75. [PMID: 21928785 DOI: 10.1021/la202816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodic arrays of organosilane nanostructures were prepared with particle lithography to define sites for selective adsorption of functionalized gold nanoparticles. Essentially, the approach for nanoparticle lithography consists of procedures with two masks. First, latex mesospheres were used as a surface mask for deposition of an organosilane vapor, to produce an array of holes within a covalently bonded, organic thin film. The latex particles were readily removed with solvent rinses to expose discrete patterns of nanosized holes of uncovered substrate. The nanostructured film of organosilanes was then used as a surface mask for a second patterning step, with immersion in a solution of functionalized nanoparticles. Patterned substrates were fully submerged in a solution of surface-active gold nanoparticles coated with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Regularly shaped, nanoscopic areas of bare substrate produced by removal of the latex mask provided sites to bind silanol-terminated gold nanoparticles, and the methyl-terminated areas of the organosilane film served as an effective resist, preventing nonspecific adsorption on masked areas. Characterizations with atomic force microscopy demonstrate the steps for lithography with organosilanes and functionalized nanoparticles. Patterning was accomplished for both silicon and glass substrates, to generate nanostructures with periodicities of 200-300 nm that match the diameters of the latex mesospheres of the surface masks. Nanoparticles were shown to bind selectively to uncovered, exposed areas of the substrate and did not attach to the methyl-terminal groups of the organosilane mask. Billions of well-defined nanostructures of nanoparticles can be generated using this high-throughput approach of particle lithography, with exquisite control of surface density and periodicity at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathie L Lusker
- Chemistry Department, Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim K, Centrone A, Hatton TA, Myerson AS. Polymorphism control of nanosized glycine crystals on engineered surfaces. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Desbief S, Patrone L, Goguenheim D, Guérin D, Vuillaume D. Impact of chain length, temperature, and humidity on the growth of long alkyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2870-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Gooding JJ, Ciampi S. The molecular level modification of surfaces: from self-assembled monolayers to complex molecular assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2704-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
32
|
Zuo J, Torres E. Comparison of adsorption of mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane on amphiphilic TiO2 and hydroxylated SiO2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15161-8. [PMID: 20839828 DOI: 10.1021/la102221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkylsilane 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3MPT) monolayers with a functional end group -SH were used to immobilize Ag colloidal nanoparticles on photoinduced amphiphilic TiO(2) and hydroxylated SiO(2) surfaces. The differences in the adsorption of 3MPT and the immobilization of Ag colloids on both surfaces were studied. Under identical experimental conditions, 3MPT islands were formed on UV-exposed TiO(2) surfaces compared to continuous and flat monolayers formed on SiO(2). The significant structural differences found for monolayers of 3MPT on TiO(2) could be explained in terms of the different densities of hydroxyl groups and the microstructure of hydrophilic domains induced by UV irradiation. The surface properties were characterized using contact angle measurements and XPS. XPS showed an increase in the hydroxyl group's density and a decrease in the number of adsorbed hydrocarbon films on the TiO(2) surface as a function of the UV irradiation time. The density of the adsorbed 3MPT on TiO(2) surfaces as a function of the UV irradiation time was quantitatively related to the cosine of the water contact angles. Such a 3MPT distribution influenced the subsequent adsorption of Ag colloids and resulted in more isolated nanoparticles on the modified TiO(2) with a narrower size distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zuo
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choi J, Sakurai K, Kato T. Observation of self-assembled monolayers on diamond-like carbon films: agglomeration of self-assembled FDTS molecules. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
34
|
Hardin JL, Oyler NA, Steinle ED, Meints GA. Spectroscopic analysis of interactions between alkylated silanes and alumina nanoporous membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 342:614-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Ohkubo Y, Onishi S, Ohtake T, Ogawa K. Technique for Immobilizing Copper Ions on a Substrate through a Nanoscale Thin Film Containing Pyrrole Groups. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.09we173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ohkubo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University
- Kagawa Gakusei Venture Ltd
| | - Shogo Onishi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University
| | - Tadashi Ohtake
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University
| | - Kazufumi Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang S, Zhu Y. Facile method to prepare smooth and homogeneous polymer brush surfaces of varied brush thickness and grafting density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13448-55. [PMID: 19863074 DOI: 10.1021/la901785t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This Article describes a facile method to prepare smooth and homogeneous polymer brush surfaces of variable grafting density from a solid surface by combining Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition with surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This method is successfully demonstrated by the preparation of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush surfaces on smooth silicon and quartz substrates. With the custom-synthesized inert diluent whose chemical structure, except end-functionality, is the same as that of the reactive initiator, smooth and chemically homogeneous mixed monolayers of initiators and inert diluents are immobilized on a solid surface by LB deposition, allowing the further variation of the grafting density of PNIPAM brushes grafted from the initiator monolayers of varied initiator coverage. With the optimized molar ratio of deactivator, Cu(II) in the Cu(I)-ligand catalyst complex, the brush thickness of PNIPAM brushes at varied grafting density is controlled to grow nearly linearly with reaction time while smoothness and chemical homogeneity of PNIPAM brushes are achieved. For the demonstrated PNIPAM brush surfaces, the thermoresponsive characteristics of PNIPAM brushes are also verified. This combined LB-ATRP method can be applied to graft a variety of polymer brushes, including polyelectrolytes and block copolymers, from different solid substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
ter Maat J, Regeling R, Yang M, Mullings MN, Bent SF, Zuilhof H. Photochemical covalent attachment of alkene-derived monolayers onto hydroxyl-terminated silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11592-11597. [PMID: 19583192 DOI: 10.1021/la901551t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of optically transparent substrates is of importance, for example, in the field of biosensing. In this article, a new method for modification of silica surfaces is presented that is based on a photochemical reaction of terminal alkenes with the surface. This yields highly hydrophobic surfaces, which are thermally stable up to at least 400 degrees C. The formed monolayer provides chemical passivation of the underlying surface, according to studies showing successful blocking of platinum atomic layer deposition (ALD). The reaction is photochemically initiated, requiring light with a wavelength below 275 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy studies show that the alkenes initially bind to the surface hydroxyl groups in Markovnikov fashion. At prolonged reaction times (>5 h), however, oligomerization occurs, resulting in layer growth normal to the surface. The photochemical nature of the reaction enables the use of photolithography as a tool to constructively pattern silica surfaces. Atomic force microscopy shows that the features of the photomask are well transferred. The newly developed method can complement existing patterning methods on silica that are based on soft lithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen ter Maat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li JR, Lusker KL, Yu JJ, Garno JC. Engineering the spatial selectivity of surfaces at the nanoscale using particle lithography combined with vapor deposition of organosilanes. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2023-2035. [PMID: 19572752 DOI: 10.1021/nn9004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Particle lithography is a practical approach to generate millions of organosilane nanostructures on various surfaces, without the need for vacuum environments or expensive instrumentation. This report describes a stepwise chemistry route to prepare organosilane nanostructures and then apply the patterns as a spatially selective foundation to attach gold nanoparticles. Sites with thiol terminal groups were sufficiently small to localize the attachment of clusters of 2-5 nanoparticles. Basic steps such as centrifuging, drying, heating, and rinsing were used to generate arrays of regular nanopatterns. Close-packed films of monodisperse latex spheres can be used as an evaporative mask to spatially direct the placement of nanoscopic amounts of water on surfaces. Vapor phase organosilanes deposit selectively at areas of the surface containing water residues to generate nanostructures with regular thickness, geometry, and periodicity as revealed in atomic force microscopy images. The area of contact underneath the mesospheres is effectively masked for later synthetic steps, providing exquisite control of surface coverage and local chemistry. By judicious selection in designing the terminal groups of organosilanes, surface sites can be engineered at the nanoscale for building more complex structures. The density of the nanopatterns and surface coverage scale predictably with the diameter of the mesoparticle masks. The examples presented definitively illustrate the capabilities of using the chemistry of molecularly thin films of organosilanes to spatially define the selectivity of surfaces at very small size scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Malham IB, Bureau L. Growth and stability of a self-assembled monolayer on plasma-treated mica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5631-5636. [PMID: 19239242 DOI: 10.1021/la804213q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the range of surfaces that can be studied using the surface forces apparatus, e.g., for friction measurements, requires chemical modification of the surface of mica, which may be achieved by grafting self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) onto plasma-modified mica. In order to gain a better idea of the grafting conditions leading to good-quality SAMs on plasma-activated mica, we focus, in the present work, on the early stages of octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTE) deposition. We use atomic force microscopy to study the morphologies of incomplete monolayers obtained at different grafting temperatures in the range 10-30 degrees C, and for different immersion times in dilute solutions of OTE. We observe that OTE molecules deposited on plasma-treated mica form stable and robust layers, the morphology of which are markedly affected by the grafting temperature: submonolayers deposited at temperatures below 18 degrees C exhibit micrometer-sized islands of well-packed molecules, whereas much smaller ordered domains, coexisting with a "liquid-expanded" phase, are observed at room temperature and above. We use water contact angle measurements to probe the quality of the SAMs, and find in particular that the most hydrophobic SAMs, presenting large contact angles and low hysteresis, are obtained for deposition temperature below 18 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim B Malham
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588 CNRS-Universites Paris 6 and 7, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li JR, Garno JC. Nanostructures of octadecyltrisiloxane self-assembled monolayers produced on Au111 using particle lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:969-76. [PMID: 20356025 DOI: 10.1021/am900118x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Preparing high-quality self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organosilanes on conductive metal substrates such as gold is problematic because of the hydrophobic nature of the surface under ambient conditions. Trace amounts of water are required for a surface hydrolysis reaction to form siloxane bridges to the metal substrate. We describe an approach using sequential steps of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, particle lithography, and chemical vapor deposition of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) to successfully prepare silane nanostructures on Au111 surfaces. Pretreatment of gold films with UV irradiation renders the surface to be sufficiently hydrophilic for particle lithography. Close-packed films of monodisperse latex mesospheres provide an evaporative mask to spatially direct the placement of nanoscopic amounts of water on surfaces. Vapor-phase organosilanes deposit selectively at areas of the surface containing water residues to produce millions of nanopatterns with regular thickness, geometry, and periodicity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images reveal that OTS binding is localized to areas defined by water residues. The spacing between adjacent nanopatterns is determined by the periodicity of the latex mask; however, the dimensions of the nanostructures are confined to a narrow contact area of the water meniscus, which surrounds the base of the latex spheres. The siloxane nanostructures on Au111 furnish an excellent model surface for AFM characterizations, as demonstrated with current-sensing measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kailasam K, Natile MM, Glisenti A, Müller K. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of octadecyl modified metal oxides obtained from different silane precursors. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2345-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
42
|
Amemiya Y, Hatakeyama A, Shimamoto N. Aminosilane multilayer formed on a single-crystalline diamond surface with controlled nanoscopic hardness and bioactivity by a wet process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:203-209. [PMID: 19035661 DOI: 10.1021/la801556x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diamond could be an excellent support for nanodevices utilizing biomolecules if it is covered with a polymer layer immobilizing a variety of biomolecules. We report a wet method to form a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) multilayer with a controlled hardness, roughness, and capacity for immobilizing protein. The method is feasible in typical biochemical laboratories where biomolecules are prepared. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the surface geometries and nanoscopic hardness of the multilayers on an oxygen-terminated single-crystalline diamond surface depended on the dielectric constant of the solvent; the smaller the constant, the harder the layer. The hard multilayers had holes and APTES aggregates on the surfaces, while less hard ones had homogeneous surfaces with rare holes and little aggregates. The secondary deposition of APTES in a solvent with a large dielectric constant on a hard multilayer removed the holes, and further treatment of the multilayer in acidic ethanol solution diminished the aggregates. Such a surface can immobilize streptavidin with enough specificity against nonspecific adsorption using a combination of polyethylene glycol reagents. The results of a scratching test and nanoindentation test with AFM provided consistent results, suggesting some universality of the scratching test independent of the tip structure of the cantilever. The mechanism of formation of multilayers on the diamond surface and their binding to it is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Amemiya
- Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rollings DAE, Veinot JGC. Polysiloxane nanofibers via surface initiated polymerization of vapor phase reagents: a mechanism of formation and variable wettability of fiber-bearing substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13653-13662. [PMID: 18980346 DOI: 10.1021/la801595m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of polysiloxane nanofiber formation by surface initiated polymerization of vapor phase organotrichlorosilane reagents is presented. Substrate composition, substrate activation, reagent quantity, reaction pressure, and reaction time are parameters shown to influence nanofiber synthesis. Stepwise variation of the parameters isolates the role of each on polysiloxane nanofiber growth, and a mechanism for fiber formation is proposed based on these findings. Tunable aqueous wettability of the fibers is also demonstrated in this report, with contact angles varying from 85 degrees to 130 degrees +/- 2 degrees depending upon fiber surface density and length. Aqueous contact angles are further increased to >150 degrees by either solution functionalization of calcined fibers or copolymerization with an organofluorosilane
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-ann E Rollings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li JR, Garno JC. Elucidating the role of surface hydrolysis in preparing organosilane nanostructures via particle lithography. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:1916-22. [PMID: 18563943 DOI: 10.1021/nl0806062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new method of particle lithography is described for preparing rings or nanoporous films of organosilanes. Millions of exquisitely uniform and precisely spaced nanostructures with designed surface chemistry can be rapidly produced using vapor deposition through mesoparticle masks. Nanoscopic amounts of water are essential for initiating surface hydrosilation. Thus, the key step for preparing covalently bonded nanostructures of organosilanes is to control drying parameters to spatially direct the placement of water on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen R, Zhu S, Maclaughlin S. Grafting acrylic polymers from flat nickel and copper surfaces by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6889-6896. [PMID: 18507417 DOI: 10.1021/la800171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic polymers, including poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate), poly( N,N'-dimethyaminoethyl methacrylate), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were grafted from flat nickel and copper surfaces through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For the nickel system, there was a linear relationship between polymer layer thickness and monomer conversion or molecular weight of "free" polymers. The thickness of the polymer brush films was greater than 80 nm after 6 h of reaction time. The grafting density was estimated to be 0.40 chains/nm2. The "living" chain ends of grafted polymers were still active and initiated the growth of a second block of polymer. Block copolymer brushes with different block sequences were successfully prepared. The experimental surface chemical compositions as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy agreed very well with their theoretical values. Water contact angle measurements further confirmed the successful grafting of polymers from nickel and copper surfaces. The surface morphologies of all samples were studied by atomic force microscopy. This study provided a novel approach to prepare stable functional polymer coatings on reactive metal surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renxu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Danisman MF, Calkins JA, Sazio PJA, Allara DL, Badding JV. Organosilane self-assembled monolayer growth from supercritical carbon dioxide in microstructured optical fiber capillary arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:3636-3644. [PMID: 18302428 DOI: 10.1021/la703155z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microstructured optical fibers form a new class of extreme aspect ratio templates that are well-suited for precise, designed spatial organization of materials and molecules at dimensions down to the nanoscale. The extreme aspect ratios of the nanoscale to microscale pores in the templates necessitates new approaches to fabrication of nanowires, nanotubes, and self-assembled monolayers within them. High-pressure fluids, which have lower viscosities than liquids and no surface tension, are well-suited for penetrating such extreme aspect ratio capillaries. Here we report an approach to fabricating self-assembled monolayers within microstructured optical fibers using near supercritical or supercritical carbon dioxide. An AFM-based "shaving" technique has been developed to characterize the monolayers formed in capillaries that are too small to allow for characterization by conventional approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet F Danisman
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wen K, Maoz R, Cohen H, Sagiv J, Gibaud A, Desert A, Ocko BM. Postassembly chemical modification of a highly ordered organosilane multilayer: new insights into the structure, bonding, and dynamics of self-assembling silane monolayers. ACS NANO 2008; 2:579-599. [PMID: 19206585 DOI: 10.1021/nn800011t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence derived from a comprehensive study of a self-assembled organosilane multilayer film system undergoing a process of postassembly chemical modification that affects interlayer-located polar groups of the constituent molecules while preserving its overall molecular architecture allows a quantitative evaluation of both the degree of intralayer polymerization and that of interlayer covalent bonding of the silane headgroups in a highly ordered layer assembly of this type. The investigated system consists of a layer-by-layer assembled multilayer of a bifunctional n-alkyl silane with terminal alcohol group that is in situ converted, via a wet chemical oxidation process conducted on the entire multilayer, to the corresponding carboxylic acid function. A combined chemical-structural analysis of data furnished by four different techniques, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), synchrotron X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements, demonstrates that the highly ordered 3D molecular arrangement of the initial alcohol-silane multilayer stack is well preserved upon virtually quantitative conversion of the alcohol to carboxylic acid and the concomitant irreversible cleavage of interlayer covalent bonds. Thus, the correlation of quantitative chemical and structural data obtained from such unreacted and fully reacted film samples offers an unprecedented experimental framework within which it becomes possible to differentiate between intralayer and interlayer covalent bonding. In addition, the use of a sufficiently thick multilayer effectively eliminates the interfering contributions of the underlying silicon oxide substrate to both the X-ray scattering and XPS data. The present findings contribute a firm experimental basis to the elucidation of the self-assembly mechanism, the molecular organization, and the modes and dynamics of intra- and interlayer bonding prevailing in highly ordered organosilane films; with further implications for the rational exploitation of some of the unique options such supramolecular surface entities can offer in the advancement of a chemical nanofabrication methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wen
- Department of Materials and Interface, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ma J, Liu J, Mo Y, Bai M. Effect of multiply-alkylated cyclopentane (MAC) on durability and load-carrying capacity of self-assembled monolayers on silicon wafer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Bradford DC, Hutter E, Fendler JH, Roy D. Surface-enhanced infrared ellipsometry of self-assembled undecanethiol and dodecanethiol monolayers on disordered gold nanoisland substrates. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:20914-22. [PMID: 16853711 DOI: 10.1021/jp052764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE) is a powerful optical probe of various chemical and physical properties of molecules adsorbed onto solid surfaces. In particular, IRSE can be useful for detecting adsorption-induced changes in the IR spectra of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), and unlike traditional IR absorption spectroscopies, IRSE provides useful information about the phase of the reflected radiation from the SAMs. However, in the standard IRSE experimental geometry using flat substrates for SAMs, the detectable signal containing these phase data is considerably weaker than the corresponding absorbance data. In our present work, we demonstrate that enhancing the local optical fields at the sample surface through the use of a disordered Au nanoisland substrate can substantially increase both these absorbance and phase signals. We also demonstrate how this surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (SEIRSE) can be utilized for straightforward analysis of absorption peak widths, as well as to obtain information about the orientation of the terminal methyl on adsorbed SAMs. As model SAMs for this study, we use undecanethiol (UDT) containing 10 CH(2) units and a terminal CH(3) group, as well as dodecanethiol (DDT) containing 11 CH(2) units with its terminal CH(3) at a different orientation than UDT. We show that surface-enhanced IRSE is sensitive to subtle vibrational signatures of the differently oriented terminal methyls of these two homologous alkanethiol SAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Bradford
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing and Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Walters KB, Hirt DE. Synthesis and Characterization of a Tertiary Amine Polymer Series from Surface-Grafted Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) via Diamine Reactions. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0700882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisha B. Walters
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9595, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0909
| | - Douglas E. Hirt
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9595, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0909
| |
Collapse
|