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Park HS, Byun BJ, Kang YK. Exploring Conformational Preferences of Leu-enkephalin Using the Conformational Search and Double-Hybrid DFT Energy Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27755-27768. [PMID: 35967045 PMCID: PMC9366962 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conformational preferences of Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) were explored by the conformational search and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By a combination of low-energy conformers of each residue, the initial structures of the neutral Leu-Enk were generated and optimized using the ECEPP3 force field in the gas phase. These structures were reoptimized at the HF/3-21G(d) and M06-2X levels of theory with 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d) basis functions. We finally located the 139 structures with the relative energy <10 kcal mol-1 in the gas phase, from which the structures of the corresponding zwitterionic Leu-Enk were generated and reoptimized at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d) level of theory using the implicit solvation model based on density (SMD) in water. The conformational preferences of Leu-Enk were analyzed using Gibbs free energies corrected by single-point energies calculated at the double-hybrid DSD-PBEP86-D3BJ/def2-TZVP level of theory in the gas phase and in water. The neutral Leu-Enk dominantly adopted a folded structure in the gas phase stabilized by three H-bonds with a βII'-bend-like motif at the Gly3-Phe4 sequence and a close contact between the side chains of Phe4 and Leu5. The zwitterionic Leu-Enk exhibited a folded structure in water stabilized by three H-bonds with double β-bends such as a βII' bend at the Gly2-Gly3 sequence and a βI bend at the Gly3-Phe4 sequence. The calculated ensemble-averaged distance between CGly2 α and CLeu5 α of the zwitterionic Leu-Enk in water is consistent with the value estimated from the simulated annealing using the distance constraints derived from nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra in water. Interestingly, the preferred conformations of the neutral and zwitterionic Leu-Enk are new folded structures not predicted by earlier computational studies. According to the refined model of the zwitterionic Leu-Enk bound to δ-opioid receptor (δOR), there were favorable interactions of the terminal charged groups of Leu-Enk with the side chains of charged residues of δOR as well as a favorable CAryl···H interaction of the Phe4 residue of Leu-Enk with Trp284 of δOR. Hence, these favorable interactions would induce the folded structure of the zwitterionic Leu-Enk with double β-bends isolated in water into the "bioactive conformation" like an extended structure when binding to δOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sook Park
- Department
of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, 38 Halladaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju-do 63092, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jin Byun
- Drug
Discovery Center, JW Pharmaceutical Co.
Ltd., 2477 Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725, Republic
of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro,
Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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2
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Naito A, Okushita K, Nishimura K, Boutis GS, Aoki A, Asakura T. Quantitative Analysis of Solid-State Homonuclear Correlation Spectra of Antiparallel β-Sheet Alanine Tetramers. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2715-2724. [PMID: 29420030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly-l-alanine (PLA) sequences are a key element in the structure of the crystalline domains of spider dragline silks, wild silkworm silks, antifreeze proteins, and amyloids. To date, no atomic-level structures of antiparallel (AP)-PLA longer than Ala4 have been reported using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In this work, dipolar-assisted rotational resonance solid-state NMR spectra were observed to determine the effective internuclear distances of 13C uniformly labeled alanine tetramer with antiparallel (AP) β-sheet structure whose atomic coordinates are determined from the X-ray crystallographic analysis. Initial build-up rates, R j, k, were obtained from the build-up curves of the cross peaks by considering the internuclear distances arising in the master equation. Subsequently, experimentally obtained effective internuclear distances, reffj, k(obs), were compared with the calculated reffj, k(calc) values obtained from the X-ray crystallographic data. Fairly good correlation between reffj, k(obs) and reffj, k(calc) was obtained in the range of 1.0-6.0 Å, with the standard deviation of 0.244 Å, without considering the zero-quantum line-shape functions. It was further noted that the internuclear distances of intermolecular contributions provide details relating to the molecular packing in solid-state samples. Thus, the present data agree well with AP-β-sheet packing but do not agree with P-β-sheet packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Naito
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Keiko Okushita
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science , 38 Nishigo-Naka , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nishimura
- Institute for Molecular Science , 38 Nishigo-Naka , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Gregory S Boutis
- Department of Physics , Brooklyn College of The City University of New York , 2900 Bedford Avenue , Brooklyn , New York 11210 , United States.,Department of Physics , The Graduate Center of The City University of New York , 365 5th Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Akihiro Aoki
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
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3
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Kawamura I, Ohmine M, Tanabe J, Tuzi S, Saitô H, Naito A. Dynamic aspects of extracellular loop region as a proton release pathway of bacteriorhodopsin studied by relaxation time measurements by solid state NMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:3090-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Garduño-Juárez R, Morales LB. A genetic algorithm with conformational memories for structure prediction of polypeptides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2003; 21:65-87. [PMID: 12854960 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2003.10506906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an iterative hybrid algorithm (HA) to predict the 3D structure of peptides starting from their amino acid sequence. The HA is made of a modified genetic algorithm (GA) coupled to a local optimizer. Each HA iteration is carried out in two phases. In the first phase several GA runs are performed upon the entire peptide conformational space. In the second phase we used the manifestation of what we have called conformational memories, that arises at the end of the first phase, as a way of reducing the peptide conformational space in subsequent HA iterations. Use of conformational memories speeds up and refines the localization of the structure at the putative Global Energy Minimum (GEM) since conformational barriers are avoided. The algorithm has been used to predict successfully the putative GEM for Met- and Leu-enkephalin, and to obtain useful information regarding the 3D structure for the 8mer of polyglycine and the 16 residue (AAQAA)(3)Y peptide. The number of fitness function evaluations needed to locate the putative GEMs are fewer than those reported for other heuristic methods. This study opens the possibility of using Genetic Algorithms in high level predictions of secondary structure of polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Garduño-Juárez
- Centro de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 48-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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5
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Mueller LJ, Elliott DW. Correlated tensor interactions and rotational-echo double resonance of spin clusters. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1565111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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6
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Kameda T, Zhao C, Ashida J, Asakura T. Determination of distance of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding in (Ala-Gly)15 with silk I form after removal of the effect of MAS frequency in REDOR experiment. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2003; 160:91-96. [PMID: 12615148 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-7807(02)00131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is important to know the structure of silk I (Bombyx mori silk structure before spinning in the solid state) in order to understand the mechanism of fiber formation at the atomic level. In this study, 15N-dephased, 13C-observe REDOR has been carried out to determine the atomic distance of intra-molecular hydrogen bond between the 13C=O carbon of the 14th Gly residue and the 15N nitrogen of the 17th Ala residue of (AG)(6)A[1-13C]GAG[15N]AG(AG)(6) with silk I form after removal of the effect of MAS frequency on the re-coupling. The distance was determined to be 4.3A, which confirmed the intra-molecular hydrogen bonding formation between these two atomic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunenori Kameda
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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7
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Vogt FG, Gibson JM, Mattingly SM, Mueller KT. Determination of Molecular Geometry in Solid-State NMR: Rotational-Echo Double Resonance of Three-Spin Systems. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick G. Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - James M. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Sue M. Mattingly
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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8
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Kameda T, Nakazawa Y, Kazuhara J, Yamane T, Asakura T. Determination of intermolecular distance for a model peptide of Bombyx mori silk fibroin, GAGAG, with rotational echo double resonance. Biopolymers 2002; 64:80-5. [PMID: 11979518 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rotational echo double resonance NMR spectroscopy is applied for the determination of the distance of intermolecular chains of pentapeptide, GAGAG (G: Gly, A: Ala), a model typical of the crystalline domain in Bombyx mori silk fibroin. 1:4 mixture of G[1-(13)C]AGAG and GAG[(15)N]AG with antiparallel beta-sheet structure was used to determine the distance of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between adjacent molecules within pleated sheet and the (13)C-(15)N interatomic distance was determined to be 4.3 A. On the other hand, 1:4 mixture of GAG[1-(13)C]AG and GAG[(15)N]AG gave information on the interpleated sheet arrangement. When we assumed the same distances between two interpleated sheets, the distance was calculated to be 5.3 A and the angle (15)N-(13)C-(15)N was 180 degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunenori Kameda
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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9
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Kimura S, Naito A, Tuzi S, Saitô H. Dynamic structure of transmembrane α-helical fragments of bacteriorhodopsin in lipid bilayer characterized by 13C chemical shift tensor and hydrogen bond distance by REDOR NMR. J Mol Struct 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Fukutani A, Naito A, Tuzi S, Saitô H. Determination of principal components and their directions of 15N chemical shift tensor and N–H bond lengths in simple peptides as parameters for characterization of N–H⋯OC hydrogen bonds. J Mol Struct 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Ishikawa K, Nakamura T, Koga Y. Cross-checking of nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry and computer simulation for the evaluation of the interaction strength of non-covalently bound enkephalins in solution. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:937-942. [PMID: 11523094 DOI: 10.1002/jms.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) and computer simulation were applied to the characterization of non-covalent interactions of [Leu5]-enkephalin (LE) and its optical isomers, [D-Tyr1, Leu5]-enkephalin (Y-LE), [D-Phe4, Leu5]-enkephalin (F-LE) and [D-Tyr1, D-Phe4, Leu5]-enkephalin (YF-LE). The dimer formation tendencies of the optical isomers of LE were evaluated by nanoESI-MS using quadruply deuterated LE (H2N-Tyr-(2,2-d2)Gly-(2,2-d2)Gly-Phe-Leu-COOH, d4-LE) as an internal standard. The relative interaction strengths of the optical isomers of LE were estimated to be Y-LE < F-LE < LE < YF-LE. Geometry optimization calculations were performed for interactions in vacuo and in water using a semi-empirical SCF method (PM3). The initial coordinate of the dimer structure of LE was taken from that obtained from single-crystalline x-ray diffraction analysis. Estimates of the interaction strengths of the dimer complexes were based on the heats of formation of a dimer complex (Hd) and the corresponding monomers (Hm) using the equation DeltaH = Hd - 2Hm. The values of DeltaH obtained from the calculations for interactions in water decreased in the order Y-LE > F-LE > LE > YF-LE. Since the smaller values of DeltaH correspond to stronger interactions between peptides, the results from computer simulations were qualitatively consistent with those obtained from the nanoESI experiments. The possibility of cross-checking these independent techniques was demonstrated using medium-sized molecules of biological importance. The agreement of the results from the two techniques suggested that nanoESI experiments, at least qualitatively, reflected the relative interaction strengths of non-covalently bound enkephalins in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishikawa
- National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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12
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Kimura S, Naito A, Saitô H, Ogawa K, Shoji A. Characterization of α-helix structures in polypeptides, revealed by 13CO⋯H–15N hydrogen bond lengths determined by 13C REDOR NMR. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Nishimura K, Ebisawa K, Suzuki E, Saitô H, Naito A. Natural abundance 13C REDOR coupled to a singly 15N-labeled nucleus: simultaneous determination of interatomic distances in crystalline ammonium [15N] l-glutamate monohydrate. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Vogt FG, Mattingly SM, Gibson JM, Mueller KT. Measurement of internuclear distances in solid-state NMR by a background-filtered REDOR experiment. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2000; 147:26-35. [PMID: 11042044 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A background-filtered version of the rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) experiment is demonstrated. The experiment combines a traditional REDOR pulse sequence with a double-cross-polarization (DCP) sequence to select only those signals coming from spin pairs of interest. The relatively inefficient DCP sequence, which transfers polarization from (1)H to (15)N and subsequently to (13)C, is improved by the use of adiabatic passages through the (-1) sideband of the Hartmann-Hahn matching condition. The result is an efficient 2D-REDOR pulse sequence that does not require a reference experiment for removal of background signals. The data produced by the experiment are ideally suited to analysis by newly developed dipolar transform methods, such as the REDOR transform. The relevant features of the experiment are demonstrated on simple labeled amino acids. Relative efficiencies of several other potential filtering methods are also compared. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- FG Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802-6300, USA
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15
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Jaroniec CP, Tounge BA, Rienstra CM, Herzfeld J, Griffin RG. Recoupling of heteronuclear dipolar interactions with rotational-echo double-resonance at high magic-angle spinning frequencies. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2000; 146:132-139. [PMID: 10968966 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heteronuclear dipolar recoupling with rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) is investigated in the rapid magic-angle spinning regime, where radiofrequency irradiation occupies a significant fraction of the rotor period (10-60%). We demonstrate, in two model (13)C-(15)N spin systems, [1-(13)C, (15)N] and [2-(13)C, (15)N]glycine, that REDOR DeltaS/S(0) curves acquired at high MAS rates and relatively low recoupling fields are nearly identical to the DeltaS/S(0) curve expected for REDOR with ideal delta-function pulses. The only noticeable effect of the finite pi pulse length on the recoupling is a minor scaling of the dipolar oscillation frequency. Experimental results are explained using both numerical calculations and average Hamiltonian theory, which is used to derive analytical expressions for evolution under REDOR recoupling sequences with different pi pulse phasing schemes. For xy-4 and extensions thereof, finite pulses scale only the dipolar oscillation frequency by a well-defined factor. For other phasing schemes (e.g., xx-4 and xx-4) both the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation are expected to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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16
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Kamihira M, Naito A, Tuzi S, Nosaka AY, Saitô H. Conformational transitions and fibrillation mechanism of human calcitonin as studied by high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR. Protein Sci 2000; 9:867-77. [PMID: 10850796 PMCID: PMC2144639 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.5.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Conformational transitions of human calcitonin (hCT) during fibril formation in the acidic and neutral conditions were investigated by high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. In aqueous acetic acid solution (pH 3.3), a local alpha-helical form is present around Gly10 whereas a random coil form is dominant as viewed from Phe22, Ala26, and Ala31 in the monomer form on the basis of the 13C chemical shifts. On the other hand, a local beta-sheet form as viewed from Gly10 and Phe22, and both beta-sheet and random coil as viewed from Ala26 and Ala31 were detected in the fibril at pH 3.3. The results indicate that conformational transitions from alpha-helix to beta-sheet, and from random coil to beta-sheet forms occurred in the central and C-terminus regions, respectively, during the fibril formation. The increased 13C resonance intensities of fibrils after a certain delay time suggests that the fibrillation can be explained by a two-step reaction mechanism in which the first step is a homogeneous association to form a nucleus, and the second step is an autocatalytic heterogeneous fibrillation. In contrast to the fibril at pH 3.3, the fibril at pH 7.5 formed a local beta-sheet conformation at the central region and exhibited a random coil at the C-terminus region. Not only a hydrophobic interaction among the amphiphilic alpha-helices, but also an electrostatic interaction between charged side chains can play an important role for the fibril formation at pH 7.5 and 3.3 acting as electrostatically favorable and unfavorable interactions, respectively. These results suggest that hCT fibrils are formed by stacking antiparallel beta-sheets at pH 7.5 and a mixture of antiparallel and parallel beta-sheets at pH 3.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamihira
- Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Harime Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo, Japan
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17
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Nishimura K, Naito A, Tuzi S, Saitô H. Analysis of Dipolar Dephasing Pattern in I−Sn Multispin System for Obtaining the Information of Molecular Packing and Its Application to Crystalline N-Acetyl-Pro-Gly-Phe by REDOR Solid State NMR. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9917502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Nishimura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Satoru Tuzi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hazime Saitô
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
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18
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Fu R, Cross TA. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of protein and polypeptide structure. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1999; 28:235-68. [PMID: 10410802 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.28.1.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is rapidly emerging as a successful and important technique for protein and peptide structural elucidation from samples in anisotropic environments. Because of the diversity of nuclei and nuclear spin interactions that can be observed, and because of the broad range of sample conditions that can be studied by solid-state NMR, the potential for gaining structural constraints is great. Structural constraints in the form of orientational, distance, and torsional constraints can be obtained on proteins in crystalline, liquid-crystalline, or amorphous preparations. Great progress in the past few years has been made in developing techniques for obtaining these constraints, and now it has also been clearly demonstrated that these constraints can be assembled into uniquely defined three-dimensional structures at high resolution. Although much progress toward the development of solid-state NMR as a routine structural tool has been documented, the future is even brighter with the continued development of the experiments, of NMR hardware, and of the molecular biological methods for the preparation of labeled samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32310, USA.
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19
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Kamihira M, Naito A, Tuzi S, Saitô H. Phenyl Ring Dynamics of Enkephalin Molecules and Behavior of Bound Solvents in the Crystalline States by 2H NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miya Kamihira
- Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology. Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology. Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Satoru Tuzi
- Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology. Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hazime Saitô
- Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology. Harima Science Garden City, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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