1
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Healing G, Nadinov I, Hadmojo WT, Yin J, Thomas S, Bakr OM, Alshareef HN, Anthopoulos TD, Mohammed OF. Ultrafast Coherent Hole Injection at the Interface between CuSCN and Polymer PM6 Using Femtosecond Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38573046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Tracking the dynamics of ultrafast hole injection into copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) at the interface can be experimentally challenging. These challenges include restrictions in accessing the ultraviolet spectral range through transient electronic spectroscopy, where the absorption spectrum of CuSCN is located. Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy solves this problem by tracking marker modes at specific frequencies and allowing direct access to dynamical information at the molecular level at donor-acceptor interfaces in real time. This study uses photoabsorber PM6 (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))]) as a model system to explore and decipher the hole transfer dynamics of CuSCN using femtosecond (fs) mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The time-resolved results indicate that excited PM6 exhibits a sharp vibrational mode at 1599 cm-1 attributed to the carbonyl group, matching the predicted frequency position obtained from time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The fs mid-IR spectroscopy demonstrates a fast formation (<168 fs) and blue spectral shift of the CN stretching vibration from 2118 cm-1 for CuSCN alone to 2180 cm-1 for PM6/CuSCN, confirming the hole transfer from PM6 to CuSCN. The short interfacial distance and high frontier orbital delocalization obtained from the interfacial DFT models support a coherent and ultrafast regime for hole transfer. These results provide direct evidence for hole injection at the interface of CuSCN for the first time using femtosecond mid-IR spectroscopy and serve as a new investigative approach for interfacial chemistry and solar cell communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Healing
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Issatay Nadinov
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wisnu Tantyo Hadmojo
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Simil Thomas
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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El-Zohry AM, Turedi B, Alsalloum A, Maity P, Bakr OM, Ooi BS, Mohammed OF. Ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy for probing trapping states in hybrid perovskite films. Commun Chem 2022; 5:67. [PMID: 36698014 PMCID: PMC9814551 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the charge dynamics of perovskite materials is a crucial step to understand the outstanding performance of these materials in various fields. Herein, we utilize transient absorption in the mid-infrared region, where solely electron signatures in the conduction bands are monitored without external contributions from other dynamical species. Within the measured range of 4000 nm to 6000 nm (2500-1666 cm-1), the recombination and the trapping processes of the excited carriers could be easily monitored. Moreover, we reveal that within this spectral region the trapping process could be distinguished from recombination process, in which the iodide-based films show more tendencies to trap the excited electrons in comparison to the bromide-based derivatives. The trapping process was assigned due to the emission released in the mid-infrared region, while the traditional band-gap recombination process did not show such process. Various parameters have been tested such as film composition, excitation dependence and the probing wavelength. This study opens new frontiers for the transient mid-infrared absorption to assign the trapping process in perovskite films both qualitatively and quantitatively, along with the potential applications of perovskite films in the mid-IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Zohry
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bekir Turedi
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsalloum
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Partha Maity
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S. Ooi
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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3
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Nagaraju N, Kushavah D, Kumar S, Ray R, Gambhir D, Ghosh S, Pal SK. Through structural isomerism: positional effect of alkyne functionality on molecular optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3303-3311. [PMID: 35050277 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Literature studies on the effects of alkyne functionality in manipulating the optical properties of donor-π-acceptor-type molecular scaffolds have been scarce compared to those on the alkene functional group. Here, two structurally isomeric donor-acceptor (D-A) dyes were synthesized to study the positional effect of alkyne functionality (triple bond) on their optical, electrochemical and charge generation properties in order to design efficient dyes for possible application in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes, named CAPC and PACC, contain carbazole and cyanoacrylic acid as the donor and acceptor units, respectively, and the π-conjugation length within the molecules was controlled by the introduction of an alkyne group. The D-π-A design was followed in designing CAPC with the alkyne serving as the π-spacer, while in PACC, alkyne was placed on the donor, which was directly in conjugation with the acceptor. This rendered equal conjugation lengths within the designed dyes. With the help of photophysical characterizations, it was concluded that CAPC featured better characteristics for a DSSC dye than PACC. Our conclusions were further supported by the results of transient absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, fluorescence lifetime studies and density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakka Nagaraju
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Dushyant Kushavah
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Rajeev Ray
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Diksha Gambhir
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
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4
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Negishi Y. Metal-nanocluster Science and Technology: My Personal History and Outlook. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7569-7594. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are among the leading targets in research of nanoscale materials, and elucidation of their properties (science) and development of control techniques (technology) have been continuously studied for...
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Kawawaki T, Kataoka Y, Hirata M, Iwamatsu Y, Hossain S, Negishi Y. Toward the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts by controlled ligand desorption from atomically precise metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:409-448. [PMID: 33903861 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters controlled by atomic accuracy (i. e. atomically precise metal NCs) have recently attracted considerable attention as active sites in heterogeneous catalysts. Using these atomically precise metal NCs, it becomes possible to create novel heterogeneous catalysts based on a size-specific electronic/geometrical structure of metal NCs and understand the mechanism of the catalytic reaction easily. However, to create high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs, it is often necessary to remove the ligands from the metal NCs. This review summarizes previous studies on the creation of heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs while focusing on the calcination as a ligand-elimination method. Through this summary, we intend to share state-of-art techniques and knowledge on (1) experimental conditions suitable for creating high-performance heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., support type, metal NC type, ligand type, and calcination temperature), (2) the mechanism of calcination, and (3) the mechanism of catalytic reaction over the created heterogeneous catalyst. We also discuss (4) issues that should be addressed in the future toward the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs. The knowledge and issues described in this review are expected to lead to clear design guidelines for the creation of novel heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Momoko Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuki Iwamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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6
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Kawawaki T, Kataoka Y, Ozaki S, Kawachi M, Hirata M, Negishi Y. Creation of active water-splitting photocatalysts by controlling cocatalysts using atomically precise metal nanoclusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 57:417-440. [PMID: 33350403 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06809h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With global warming and the depletion of fossil resources, our fossil-fuel-dependent society is expected to shift to one that instead uses hydrogen (H2) as clean and renewable energy. Water-splitting photocatalysts can produce H2 from water using sunlight, which are almost infinite on the earth. However, further improvements are indispensable to enable their practical application. To improve the efficiency of the photocatalytic water-splitting reaction, in addition to improving the semiconductor photocatalyst, it is extremely effective to improve the cocatalysts (loaded metal nanoclusters, NCs) that enable the reaction to proceed on the photocatalysts. We have thus attempted to strictly control metal NCs on photocatalysts by introducing the precise-control techniques of metal NCs established in the metal NC field into research on water-splitting photocatalysts. Specifically, the cocatalysts on the photocatalysts were controlled by adsorbing atomically precise metal NCs on the photocatalysts and then removing the protective ligands by calcination. This work has led to several findings on the electronic/geometrical structures of the loaded metal NCs, the correlation between the types of loaded metal NCs and the water-splitting activity, and the methods for producing high water-splitting activity. We expect that the obtained knowledge will lead to clear design guidelines for the creation of practical water-splitting photocatalysts and thereby contribute to the construction of a hydrogen-energy society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Debnath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Hirendra N. Ghosh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400 085 India
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali Punjab 160062 India
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8
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Thomaz JE, Kramer PL, Fica-Contreras SM, Hoffman DJ, Fayer MD. Reorientation-induced Stokes shifts caused by directional interactions in electronic spectroscopy: Fast dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate). J Chem Phys 2019; 150:194201. [PMID: 31117782 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Stokes shift measurements report on structural relaxation, driven by a dipole created in a chromophore by its excitation from the ground electronic state to the S1 state. Here, we demonstrate that it is also possible to have an additional contribution from orientational relaxation of the Stokes shift chromophore. This effect, called reorientation-induced Stokes shift (RISS), can be observed when the reorientation of the chromophore and the solvent structural relaxation occur on similar time scales. Through a vector interaction, the electronic transition of the chromophore couples to its environment. The orientational diffusive motions of the chromophores will have a slight bias toward reducing the transition energy (red shift) as do the solvent structural diffusive motions. RISS is manifested in the polarization-dependence of the fluorescence Stokes shift using coumarin 153 (C153) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A similar phenomenon, reorientation-induced spectral diffusion (RISD), has been observed and theoretically explicated in the context of two dimensional infrared (2D IR) experiments. Here, we generalize the existing RISD theory to include properties of electronic transitions that generally are not present in vibrational transitions. Expressions are derived that permit determination of the structural dynamics by accounting for the RISS contributions. Using these generalized equations, the structural dynamics of the medium can be measured for any system in which the directional interaction is well represented by a first order Stark effect and RISS or RISD is observed. The theoretical results are applied to the PMMA data, and the structural dynamics are obtained and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Thomaz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Patrick L Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - David J Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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9
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Zarrabi N, Lim GN, Bayard BJ, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Surface anchored self-assembled reaction centre mimics as photoanodes consisting of a secondary electron donor, aluminium(iii) porphyrin and TiO2 semiconductor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19612-19622. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03400e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vertically assembled photoanodes, consisting of aluminum(iii) porphyrin, an electron donor, and semiconductor TiO2, have been fabricated and their photophysical properties investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
- Duluth
- USA
| | - Gary N. Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | - Brandon J. Bayard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
- Duluth
- USA
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10
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Park S, Shin J, Yoon H, Pak Y, Lim M. Complete photodissociation dynamics of CF2I2in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6859-6867. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00507b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcited CF2I2in c-C6H12undergoes various secondary reactions including complex and isomer formation, after ultrafast two- or three-body dissociations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongchul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
| | - Juhyang Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
| | - Hojeong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
| | - Youngshang Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
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11
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Gatty MG, Pullen S, Sheibani E, Tian H, Ott S, Hammarström L. Direct evidence of catalyst reduction on dye and catalyst co-sensitized NiO photocathodes by mid-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4983-4991. [PMID: 29938026 PMCID: PMC5989651 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-sensitization of molecular dyes and catalysts on semiconductor surfaces is a promising strategy to build photoelectrodes for solar fuel production.
Co-sensitization of molecular dyes and catalysts on semiconductor surfaces is a promising strategy to build photoelectrodes for solar fuel production. In such a photoelectrode, understanding the charge transfer reactions between the molecular dye, catalyst and semiconductor material is key to guide further improvement of their photocatalytic performance. Herein, femtosecond mid-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy is used, for the first time, to probe charge transfer reactions leading to catalyst reduction on co-sensitized nickel oxide (NiO) photocathodes. The NiO films were co-sensitized with a molecular dye and a proton reducing catalyst from the family of [FeFe](bdt)(CO)6 (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate) complexes. Two dyes were used: an organic push–pull dye denoted E2 with a triarylamine–oligothiophene–dicyanovinyl structure and a coumarin 343 dye. Upon photo-excitation of the dye, a clear spectroscopic signature of the reduced catalyst is observed a few picoseconds after excitation in all co-sensitized NiO films. However, kinetic analysis of the transient absorption signals of the dye and reduced catalyst reveal important mechanistic differences in the first reduction of the catalyst depending on the co-sensitized molecular dye (E2 or C343). While catalyst reduction is preceded by hole injection in NiO in C343-sensitized NiO films, the singly reduced catalyst is formed by direct electron transfer from the excited dye E2* to the catalyst in E2-sensitized NiO films. This change in mechanism also impacts the lifetime of the reduced catalyst, which is only ca. 50 ps in E2-sensitized NiO films but is >5 ns in C343-sensitized NiO films. Finally, the implication of this mechanistic study for the development of better co-sensitized photocathodes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilbert Gatty
- Physical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden .
| | - S Pullen
- Physical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden .
| | - E Sheibani
- Organic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Chemical Science and Engineering , KTH , Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30 , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - H Tian
- Physical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden .
| | - S Ott
- Physical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden .
| | - L Hammarström
- Physical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523 , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden .
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Hu Y, Yellappa S, Thomas MB, Jinadasa RGW, Matus A, Shulman M, D'Souza F, Wang H. β‐Functionalized Push–Pull
opp
‐Dibenzoporphyrins as Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2749-2762. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Shivaraj Yellappa
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
- Government Science College Bengaluru 560001 Karnataka India
| | - Michael B. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - R. G. Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Alex Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Max Shulman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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13
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Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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14
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Baker LA, Grosvenor LC, Ashfold MN, Stavros VG. Ultrafast photophysical studies of a multicomponent sunscreen: Oxybenzone–titanium dioxide mixtures. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Kumar P, Kumar S, Ghosh S, Pal SK. Femtosecond insights into direct electron injection in dye anchored ZnO QDs following charge transfer excitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20672-81. [PMID: 27412034 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of the charge transfer (CT) state in interfacial electron transfer in dye-sensitized semiconductor nanocrystals is still poorly understood. To address this problem, femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is used as a probe to investigate the electron injection across a newly synthesized coumarin dye (8-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2 benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitrile, coded BC5) and ZnO quantum dots (QDs). Steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements reveal that BC5 dye interacts strongly with ZnO QDs in the ground state forming a CT complex. The BC5-ZnO QD complex absorbs more towards red compared to only the dye and QDs, and emits fluorescence due to radiative recombination of photogenerated charges. The formation of charges following the excitation of the CT complex has been demonstrated by observing the signature of dye radical cations and electrons in the conduction band (CB) of the QDs in the TA spectra. The TA signals of these charges grow sharply as a result of ultrafast direct electron injection into the QD. We have monitored the complete dynamics of photogenerated charges by measuring the TA signals of the charges up to a couple of nanoseconds. The injected electrons that are free or shallowly trapped recombine with a time constant of 625 fs, whereas deeply trapped electrons disappear slowly (526 ps) via radiative recombination. Furthermore, theoretical studies based on ab initio calculations have been carried out to complement the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, H.P., India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, H.P., India.
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, H.P., India.
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, H.P., India.
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16
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Chandrasekhar A, Ramkumar V, Sankararaman S. Highly Selective and Modular Synthesis of 3-Aryl-4-(arylethynyl)-2H-chromen-2-ones from 2-Iodoaryl 2-Arylacetates through a Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling-Intramolecular Aldol Cascade Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attoor Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600036 Chennai India
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17
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Ghosh A, Serrano AL, Oudenhoven TA, Ostrander JS, Eklund EC, Blair AF, Zanni MT. Experimental implementations of 2D IR spectroscopy through a horizontal pulse shaper design and a focal plane array detector. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:524-7. [PMID: 26907414 PMCID: PMC5301998 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aided by advances in optical engineering, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) has developed into a promising method for probing structural dynamics in biophysics and material science. We report two new advances for 2D IR spectrometers. First, we report a fully reflective and totally horizontal pulse shaper, which significantly simplifies alignment. Second, we demonstrate the applicability of mid-IR focal plane arrays (FPAs) as suitable detectors in 2D IR experiments. FPAs have more pixels than conventional linear arrays and can be used to multiplex optical detection. We simultaneously measure the spectra of a reference beam, which improves the signal-to-noise by a factor of 4; and two additional beams that are orthogonally polarized probe pulses for 2D IR anisotropy experiments.
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18
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Debnath T, Maity P, Dana J, Ghosh HN. Effect of Molecular Coupling on Ultrafast Electron-Transfer and Charge-Recombination Dynamics in a Wide-Gap ZnS Nanoaggregate Sensitized by Triphenyl Methane Dyes. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:724-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Debnath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Partha Maity
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Jayanta Dana
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Hirendra N. Ghosh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400 085 India
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19
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Nieto-Pescador J, Abraham B, Gundlach L. Photoinduced Ultrafast Heterogeneous Electron Transfer at Molecule-Semiconductor Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3498-3507. [PMID: 26278600 DOI: 10.1021/jz501541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses recent developments in ultrafast electron transfer dynamics at interfaces between organic and inorganic materials. Heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) is a key process in important fields like catalysis and solar energy conversion. Furthermore, the solid state nature of the systems gives control over relevant parameters and allows for investigating excited state dynamics and electron transfer processes in unprecedented detail. Progress in synthesis, sample preparation, and instrumentation makes it possible to provide experimental proof of recent prediction from theory concerning the adiabaticity of the reaction and the influence of coherence. A short recapitulation of the field is followed by a discussion of recent experimental efforts that allowed for studying HET, particularly focusing on the influence of energetics and vibrational dynamics.
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20
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Baker LR, Jiang CM, Kelly ST, Lucas JM, Vura-Weis J, Gilles MK, Alivisatos AP, Leone SR. Charge carrier dynamics of photoexcited Co3O4 in methanol: extending high harmonic transient absorption spectroscopy to liquid environments. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5883-90. [PMID: 25222441 DOI: 10.1021/nl502817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier dynamics in Co3O4 thin films are observed using high harmonic generation transient absorption spectroscopy at the Co M2,3 edge. Results reveal that photoexcited Co3O4 decays to the ground state in 600 ± 40 ps in liquid methanol compared to 1.9 ± 0.3 ns in vacuum. Kinetic analysis suggests that surface-mediated relaxation of photoexcited Co3O4 may be the result of hole transfer from Co3O4 followed by carrier recombination at the Co3O4-methanol interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Robert Baker
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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21
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Ma Y, Wang X, Jia Y, Chen X, Han H, Li C. Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Fuel Generations. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9987-10043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500008u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1845] [Impact Index Per Article: 184.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457
Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457
Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yushuai Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457
Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - Hongxian Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457
Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457
Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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22
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Rittmann-Frank MH, Milne CJ, Rittmann J, Reinhard M, Penfold TJ, Chergui M. Mapping of the Photoinduced Electron Traps in TiO2by Picosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Rittmann-Frank MH, Milne CJ, Rittmann J, Reinhard M, Penfold TJ, Chergui M. Mapping of the photoinduced electron traps in TiO₂ by picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5858-62. [PMID: 24820181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most popular material for applications in solar-energy conversion and photocatalysis, both of which rely on the creation, transport, and trapping of charges (holes and electrons). The nature and lifetime of electron traps at room temperature have so far not been elucidated. Herein, we use picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ti K-edge and the Ru L3-edge to address this issue for photoexcited bare and N719-dye-sensitized anatase and amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles. Our results show that 100 ps after photoexcitation, the electrons are trapped deep in the defect-rich surface shell in the case of anatase TiO2, whereas they are inside the bulk in the case of amorphous TiO2. In the case of dye-sensitized anatase or amorphous TiO2, the electrons are trapped at the outer surface. Only two traps were identified in all cases, with lifetimes in the range of nanoseconds to tens of nanoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hannelore Rittmann-Frank
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland) http://lsu.epfl.ch/
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24
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Lee K, Kim QH, An S, An J, Kim J, Kim B, Jhe W. Superwetting of TiO2 by light-induced water-layer growth via delocalized surface electrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5784-9. [PMID: 24711400 PMCID: PMC4000815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titania, which exhibits superwetting under light illumination, has been widely used as an ideal material for environmental solution such as self-cleaning, water-air purification, and antifogging. There have been various studies to understand such superhydrophilic conversion. The origin of superwetting has not been clarified in a unified mechanism yet, which requires direct experimental investigation of the dynamic processes of water-layer growth. We report in situ measurements of the growth rate and height of the photo-adsorbed water layers by tip-based dynamic force microscopy. For nanocrystalline anatase and rutile TiO2 we observe light-induced enhancement of the rate and height, which decrease after O2 annealing. The results lead us to confirm that the long-range attraction between water molecules and TiO2, which is mediated by delocalized electrons in the shallow traps associated with O2 vacancies, produces photo-adsorption of water on the surface. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations clearly show that such photo-adsorbed water is critical to the zero contact angle of a water droplet spreading on it. Therefore, we conclude that this "water wets water" mechanism acting on the photo-adsorbed water layers is responsible for the light-induced superwetting of TiO2. Similar mechanism may be applied for better understanding of the hydrophilic conversion of doped TiO2 or other photo-catalytic oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyoung Lee
- Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea; and
| | - QHwan Kim
- Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea; and
| | - Sangmin An
- Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea; and
| | - JeongHoon An
- Park Systems, Iui-Dong 906-10, Suwon 443-270, Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea; and
| | - Bongsu Kim
- Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea; and
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea; and
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25
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Glass EN, Fielden J, Kaledin AL, Musaev DG, Lian T, Hill CL. Extending Metal-to-Polyoxometalate Charge Transfer Lifetimes: The Effect of Heterometal Location. Chemistry 2014; 20:4297-307. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Dixon IM, Alary F, Boggio-Pasqua M, Heully JL. The (N4C2)2– Donor Set as Promising Motif for Bis(tridentate) Iron(II) Photoactive Compounds. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13369-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402453p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M. Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques, UMR 5626, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques, UMR 5626, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques, UMR 5626, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques, UMR 5626, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
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27
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Sá J, Friedli P, Geiger R, Lerch P, Rittmann-Frank MH, Milne CJ, Szlachetko J, Santomauro FG, van Bokhoven JA, Chergui M, Rossi MJ, Sigg H. Transient mid-IR study of electron dynamics in TiO2 conduction band. Analyst 2013; 138:1966-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36595f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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28
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Han WS, Wee KR, Kim HY, Pac C, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Shimada T, Inoue H, Choi H, Cho K, Kang SO. Hydrophilicity Control of Visible-Light Hydrogen Evolution and Dynamics of the Charge-Separated State in Dye/TiO2/Pt Hybrid Systems. Chemistry 2012; 18:15368-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Frontiera RR, Fang C, Dasgupta J, Mathies RA. Probing structural evolution along multidimensional reaction coordinates with femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:405-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22767j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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30
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Bian Z, Tachikawa T, Cui SC, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Single-molecule charge transfer dynamics in dye-sensitized p-type NiO solar cells: influences of insulating Al2O3layers. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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31
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Agrawal S, English NJ, Thampi KR, MacElroy JMD. Perspectives on ab initio molecular simulation of excited-state properties of organic dye molecules in dye-sensitised solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12044-56. [PMID: 22847552 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agrawal
- The SFI Strategic Research Cluster in Solar Energy Conversion and Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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32
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Giannouli M, Fakis M. Interfacial electron transfer dynamics and photovoltaic performance of TiO2 and ZnO solar cells sensitized with Coumarin 343. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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33
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Sánchez-de-Armas R, San Miguel MÁ, Oviedo J, Sanz JF. Coumarin derivatives for dye sensitized solar cells: a TD-DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 14:225-33. [PMID: 22080195 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations have been carried out to study the electronic structure and the optical properties of five coumarin based dyes: C343, NKX-2311, NKX-2586, NKX-2753 and NKX-2593. We have found out that the position and width of the first band in the electronic absorption spectra, the absorption threshold and the LUMO energy with respect to the conduction band edge are key parameters in order to establish some criteria that allow evaluating the efficiency of coumarin derivatives as sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). Those criteria predict the efficiency ordering for the coumarin series in good agreement with the experimental evidence. Presumably, they might be used in the design of new efficient organic based DSSC.
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34
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Miller SA, West BA, Curtis AC, Papanikolas JM, Moran AM. Communication: Uncovering molecule-TiO2 interactions with nonlinear spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:081101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3631339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brantley A. West
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Anna C. Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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35
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Verma S, Kar P, Das A, Ghosh HN. Efficient Charge Separation in TiO2 Films Sensitized with Ruthenium(II)-Polypyridyl Complexes: Hole Stabilization by Ligand-Localized Charge-Transfer States. Chemistry 2011; 17:1561-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Kamat PV, Tvrdy K, Baker DR, Radich EJ. Beyond Photovoltaics: Semiconductor Nanoarchitectures for Liquid-Junction Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6664-88. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100243p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant V. Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kevin Tvrdy
- Radiation Laboratory and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David R. Baker
- Radiation Laboratory and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Emmy J. Radich
- Radiation Laboratory and Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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37
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Huss AS, Bierbaum A, Chitta R, Ceckanowicz DJ, Mann KR, Gladfelter WL, Blank DA. Tuning Electron Transfer Rates via Systematic Shifts in the Acceptor State Density Using Size-Selected ZnO Colloids. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13963-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104482t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Huss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Andrew Bierbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Raghu Chitta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Darren J. Ceckanowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Kent R. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Wayne L. Gladfelter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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38
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Meng S, Kaxiras E. Electron and hole dynamics in dye-sensitized solar cells: influencing factors and systematic trends. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:1238-1247. [PMID: 20353199 DOI: 10.1021/nl100442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electron and hole dynamics upon photon excitation in dye-sensitized solar cells, using a recently developed method based on real-time evolution of electronic states through time-dependent density functional theory. The systems we considered consist of organic sensitizers and nanocrystalline TiO(2) semiconductors. We examine the influence of various factors on the dynamics of electrons and holes, including point defects (vacancies) on the TiO(2) surface, variations in the dye molecular size and binding geometry, and thermal fluctuations which result in different alignments of the electronic energy levels. Two clear trends emerge: (a) dissociated adsorption of the dye molecules leads to faster electron injection dynamics by reducing interfacial dipole moments; (b) oxygen vacancy defects stabilize dye adsorption and facilitate charge injection, at the cost of lower open circuit voltage and higher electron-hole recombination rate. Understanding of these effects at the atomic level suggests tunable parameters through which the electronic characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cell devices can be improved and their efficiency can be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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39
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Wiberg J, Marinado T, Hagberg DP, Sun L, Hagfeldt A, Albinsson B. Distance and Driving Force Dependencies of Electron Injection and Recombination Dynamics in Organic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14358-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1002963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wiberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Physical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tannia Marinado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Physical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel P. Hagberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Physical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Physical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Physical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Physical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Jin S, Snoeberger RC, Issac A, Stockwell D, Batista VS, Lian T. Single-Molecule Interfacial Electron Transfer in Donor-Bridge-Nanoparticle Acceptor Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14309-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 3032 and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8107
| | - Robert C. Snoeberger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 3032 and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8107
| | - Abey Issac
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 3032 and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8107
| | - David Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 3032 and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8107
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 3032 and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8107
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 3032 and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8107
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41
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Miller SA, Moran AM. Nonlinear Optical Detection of Electron Transfer Adiabaticity in Metal Polypyridyl Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2117-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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42
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Verma S, Kar P, Das A, Palit D, Ghosh H. The Effect of Heavy Atoms on Photoinduced Electron Injection from Nonthermalized and Thermalized Donor States of MIIâPolypyridyl (M=Ru/Os) Complexes to Nanoparticulate TiO2Surfaces: An Ultrafast Time-Resolved Absorption Study. Chemistry 2010; 16:611-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Frontiera RR, Dasgupta J, Mathies RA. Probing Interfacial Electron Transfer in Coumarin 343 Sensitized TiO2 Nanoparticles with Femtosecond Stimulated Raman. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15630-2. [PMID: 19860478 DOI: 10.1021/ja907188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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44
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Kim YS, Hochstrasser RM. Applications of 2D IR spectroscopy to peptides, proteins, and hydrogen-bond dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:8231-51. [PMID: 19351162 PMCID: PMC2845308 DOI: 10.1021/jp8113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following a survey of 2D IR principles, this article describes recent experiments on the hydrogen-bond dynamics of small ions, amide-I modes, nitrile probes, peptides, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Sam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, U.S.A
| | - Robin M. Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, U.S.A
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45
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Dworak L, Matylitsky VV, Wachtveitl J. Ultrafast Photoinduced Processes in Alizarin-Sensitized Metal Oxide Mesoporous Films. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:384-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Nanocrystalline Solar Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-044965-4.50008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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47
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Prezhdo OV, Duncan WR, Prezhdo VV. Dynamics of the photoexcited electron at the chromophore-semiconductor interface. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:339-48. [PMID: 18281950 DOI: 10.1021/ar700122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron dynamics at molecular-bulk interfaces play a central role in a number of different fields, including molecular electronics and sensitized semiconductor solar cells. Describing electron behavior in these systems is difficult because it requires a union between disparate interface components, molecules and solid-state materials, that are studied by two different communities, chemists and physicists, respectively. This Account describes recent theoretical efforts to bridge that gap by analyzing systems that serve as good general models of the interfacial electron dynamics. The particular systems that we examine, dyes attached to TiO2, are especially important since they represent the key component of dye-sensitized semiconductor solar cells, or Gratzel cells. Gratzel cells offer a cheap, efficient alternative to traditional Si-based solar cells. The chromophore-TiO2 interface is a remarkably good target for theorists because it has already been the subject of many excellent experimental investigations. The electron dynamics in the chromophore-semiconductor systems are surprisingly rich and involve a great variety of processes as illustrated in the scheme above. The exact rates and branching ratios depend on the system details, including the semiconductor type, its bulk phase, and its exposed surface, the chromophore type, the presence or absence of a chromophore-semiconductor bridge, the alignment of the chromophore and semiconductor energy levels, the surface termination, the active vibrational modes, the solvent, the type of electrolyte, the presence of surface defects, etc. Still, the general principles governing the electron dynamics at the bulk-semiconductor interface can be understood and formulated by considering a few specific examples. The ultrafast time scale of the electronic and vibrational processes at the molecule-bulk interface make it difficult to invoke traditional theories. Instead, we perform explicit time-domain simulations with an atomistic representation of the interface. This approach most directly mimics the time-resolved experimental data and provides a detailed description of the processes as they occur in real time. The simulations described in this Account take into consideration the chemical structure of the system, determine the role of the vibrational motion and non-adiabatic coupling, uncover a vast variety of electron dynamics scenarios, and ultimately, allow us to establish the basic criteria that provide an understanding of this complicated physical process. The insights attained in the theoretical studies let us formulate a number of practical suggestions for improving the properties of the dye-sensitized semiconductor solar cell and for controlling the electron transfer across molecular-bulk interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Walter R. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington 98122
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48
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Yamakata A, Ishibashi TA, Onishi H. Time-resolved infrared absorption study of nine TiO2 photocatalysts. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Duncan WR, Prezhdo OV. Theoretical Studies of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Dye-Sensitized TiO2. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2007; 58:143-84. [PMID: 17059368 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.052306.144054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent research into the properties of the chromophore-TiO2 interface that forms the basis for photoinduced charge separation in dye-sensitized semiconductor solar cells. It focuses particularly on an atomistic picture of the electron-injection dynamics. The interface offers an excellent case study, pertinent as well to a variety of other photovoltaic systems, photo- and electrochemistry, molecular electronics, analytical detection, photography, and quantum confinement devices. The differences between chemists' and physicists' models for describing molecules and bulk materials, respectively, create challenges for the characterization of interfaces that include both of these components. We give an overall picture of the interface by starting with a description of the properties of the chromophores and semiconductor separately, and then by discussing the coupled system, including the chromophore-semiconductor binding, electronic structure, and electron-injection dynamics. Explicit time-dependent modeling is particularly valuable for an understanding of the ultrafast electron injection because it shows a variety of individual injection events with well-defined dynamical features that cannot be made apparent by an average reaction-rate description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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50
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Butler JM, George MW, Schoonover JR, Dattelbaum DM, Meyer TJ. Application of transient infrared and near infrared spectroscopy to transition metal complex excited states and intermediates. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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