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Mbakara I, Gajewska A, Listkowski A, Kijak M, Nawara K, Kumpulainen T, Vauthey E, Waluk J. Spectroscopic investigation of photophysics and tautomerism of amino- and nitroporphycenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29655-29666. [PMID: 36453100 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parent, unsubstituted porphycene and its two derivatives: 2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene and 2,7,12,17-tetra-t-butylporphycene were substituted at the meso position with amino and nitro groups. These two families of porphycenes were characterized in detail with respect to their spectral, photophysical, and tautomeric properties. Two trans tautomers of similar energies coexist in the ground electronic state, but only one form dominates in the lowest excited singlet state. Absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and emission anisotropy combined with quantum-chemical calculations led to the assignment of S1 and S2 transitions in both tautomers. Compared with the parent porphycene, the S1-S2 energy gap significantly increases; for one tautomeric form, the effect is twice as large as for the other. Both amino- and nitroporphycenes emit single fluorescence; previously reported dual emission of aminoporphycenes is attributed to a degradation product. Introduction of bulky t-butyl groups leads to a huge decrease in fluorescence intensity; this effect, arising from the interaction of the meso substituent with the adjacent t-butyl moiety, is particularly strong in the nitro derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaresit Mbakara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Physical Chemistry Department, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Physical Chemistry Department, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Porphycene Protonation: A Fast and Reversible Reaction Enabling Optical Transduction for Acid Sensing. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Yin Y, Sarma T, Wang F, Yuan N, Duan Z, Sessler JL, Zhang Z. Air-Stable N, N'-Dihydroporphycene: A Quinoxaline-Fused Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycle That Detects Fluoride Anion via Deprotonation. Org Lett 2019; 21:1849-1852. [PMID: 30810325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An air-stable N, N'-dihydroporphycene, the two-electron reduced form of porphycene, possessing two quinoxaline moieties fused at meso positions, was prepared and characterized. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) spectroscopic studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses support its formulation as a nonaromatic species. Upon treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in chloroform, a color change is produced that is consistent with deprotonation. Selective detection of this anion is readily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China.,College of Chemistry & Material Science , South-Central University for Nationality , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China.,College of Chemistry & Material Science , South-Central University for Nationality , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China.,College of Chemistry & Material Science , South-Central University for Nationality , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
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4
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Guthmuller J. The role of Herzberg-Teller effects on the resonance Raman spectrum of trans-porphycene investigated by time dependent density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124107. [PMID: 29604833 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The S1 excited state properties as well as the associated absorption and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of trans-porphycene are investigated by means of time dependent density functional theory calculations. The relative magnitude of the Franck-Condon (FC) contribution and of the Herzberg-Teller (HT) effects is evaluated for both the absorption and RR intensities. The accuracy of the calculated spectra is assessed by employing different theoretical approximations and by comparing with experimental data. The obtained results show that Duschinsky effects lead to noticeable modifications in the absorption intensities but are nearly negligible in the RR spectrum. By contrast, the HT effects are stronger for the RR intensities compared to the absorption intensities, and these effects significantly improve the agreement with the experimental RR spectrum. Moreover, the HT effects produce different values of the RR depolarization ratios, which can be used to quantify the relative importance of the FC and HT contributions. Generally, it is found that the HT effects have a significant role on the RR spectrum of trans-porphycene and that their inclusion in the computational scheme is mandatory to accurately predict the RR intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guthmuller
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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5
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Gorski A, Starukhin A, Stavrov S, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J. Resonance Raman spectroscopy study of protonated porphyrin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:350-355. [PMID: 27685003 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman microscopy was used to study the resonance Raman scattering of the diacid (diprotonated form) of free-base porphyrin (21H,23H-porphine) in a crystal powder and KBr pellets. Intensive lines in the spectral range between 100÷1000cm-1 have been detected and assigned as spectral manifestation of out-of-plane modes. The Raman spectra were simulated by means of DFT methods and compared with the experimental data. It is evident from experimental and theoretical results that the activation of out-of-plane modes arises from saddle distortion of the porphyrin macrocycle upon formation of its diprotonated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gorski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - A Starukhin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Nezalezhnasti Ave., 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - S Stavrov
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Abstract
Tautomerization in porphycenes, constitutional isomers of porphyrins, is strongly entangled with spectral and photophysical parameters. The intramolecular double hydrogen transfer occurring in the ground and electronically excited states leads to uncommon spectroscopic characteristics, such as depolarized emission, viscosity-dependent radiationless depopulation, and vibrational-mode-specific tunneling splittings. This review starts with documentation of the electronic spectra of porphycenes: Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism are discussed, together with their analysis based on the perimeter model. Next, photophysical characteristics are presented, setting the stage for the final part, which discusses the developments in research on tautomerism. Porphycenes have been studied in different experimental regimes: molecules in condensed phases, isolated in supersonic jets and helium nanodroplets, and, recently also on the level of single molecules investigated by optical and scanning probe microscopies. Because of the rich and detailed information obtained from these diverse investigations, porphycenes emerge as very good models for studying the complex, multidimensional phenomena involved in the process of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Gawinkowski S, Pszona M, Gorski A, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Kamińska I, Nogala W, Waluk J. Single molecule Raman spectra of porphycene isotopologues. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3337-3349. [PMID: 26731569 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra have been obtained for the parent porphycene (Pc-d0) and its deuterated isotopologue (Pc-d12), located on gold and silver nanoparticles. Equal populations of "hot spots" by the two isotopologues are observed for 1 : 1 mixtures in a higher concentration range of the single molecule regime (5 × 10(-9) M). For decreasing concentrations, hot spots are preferentially populated by undeuterated molecules. This is interpreted as an indication of a lower surface diffusion coefficient of Pc-d12. The photostability of single Pc molecules placed on nanoparticles is strongly increased in comparison with polymer environments. Trans tautomeric species dominate the spectra, but the analysis of time traces reveals transient intermediates, possibly due to rare cis tautomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.
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8
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Yang P, Qi D, You G, Shen W, Li M, He R. Influence of Duschinsky and Herzberg-Teller effects on S0 → S1 vibrationally resolved absorption spectra of several porphyrin-like compounds. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guojian You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongxing He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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9
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Kyrychenko A, Herbich J, Izydorzak M, Gil M, Dobkowski J, Wu F, Thummel RP, Waluk J. Photoinduced Double Proton Transfer: Inter- and Intramolecular Cases. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Matsuo T, Komatsuzaki K, Tsuji T, Hayashi T. Reaction of cobalt porphycene with hydride reagents: spectroscopic detection of Co–H porphycene species and formation of Co–SnR3 porphycene species. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of tetrapropylporphycenatocobalt(III) with tributyltin hydride generates a cobalt(III)–hydride porphycene detectable by UV-vis spectroscopy under diluted conditions, whereas it is impossible to characterize hydride species of cobalt porphyrins. One of the reasons for the stability of the porphycene hydride species is that the porphycene ring has a lower LUMO energy level due to the decrease in the symmetry of the ligand character. However, the hydride species in a highly concentrated solution of the complex is easily converted into the cobalt(II) species via dimerization or reaction of the hydride with excess tributyltin hydride through hemolysis of the Sn–H/Co–H bonds. When the Co(III) porphycene is reacted with LiBHEt3 , the final product is the cobalt(III)–ethyl complex formed by β-rearrangement during the reaction of the hydride species and diethylborane in a solvent cage. In the reaction of tetrakistrifluoromethylporphycenatocobalt(III) with tributyltin hydride, the dominant reaction pathway includes one-electron reduction of the porphycene ring together with radical coupling of the tin reagent rather than the net hydride transfer. This finding suggests that the delicate control of the LUMO energy level influences the stability of the hydride species. The tetrapropylporphycenatocobalt(III) complex with tributyltin or triphenyltin hydride in the presence of AIBN produces the corresponding Co(III)– trialkyltin complex. This complex was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Komatsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanori Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Unsubstituted porphycene was prepared in 65% yield from 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene. Taking into account the yield of the substrate, this represents more than a five-fold improvement compared to the methodology used to date. Enhanced availability of the parent porphycene may be exploited in synthetic procedures based on derivatization of the unsubstituted compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
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12
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Gawinkowski S, Walewski Ł, Vdovin A, Slenczka A, Rols S, Johnson MR, Lesyng B, Waluk J. Vibrations and hydrogen bonding in porphycene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5489-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Cuesta L, Karnas E, Lynch VM, Chen P, Shen J, Kadish KM, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Sessler JL. Metalloporphycenes: Synthesis and Characterization of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium Sitting-Atop and π-Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13538-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905284d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Karnas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Lopez del Amo JM, Langer U, Torres V, Pietrzak M, Buntkowsky G, Vieth HM, Shibl MF, Kühn O, Bröring M, Limbach HH. Isotope and Phase Effects on the Proton Tautomerism in Polycrystalline Porphycene Revealed by NMR. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:2193-206. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8079414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Lopez del Amo
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Langer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verónica Torres
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Vieth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed F. Shibl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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15
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Fita P, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Electronic and Vibrational Relaxation of Porphycene in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10753-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8049697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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17
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Kyrychenko A, Gawinkowski S, Urbańska N, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. Matrix isolation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations for 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene in argon and xenon. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2774983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Agondanou JH, Nicolis I, Curis E, Purans J, Spyroulias GA, Coutsolelos AG, Bénazeth S. Gadolinium Acetylacetonate Tetraphenyl Monoporphyrinate Complex and Some of Its Derivatives: EXAFS Study and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:6871-9. [PMID: 17658869 DOI: 10.1021/ic061861x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many attempts to obtain single crystals appropriate for X-ray diffraction analysis of the Ln(tpp)(acac) derivatives (where Ln = Gd or Sm, tpp = tetraphenylporphyrin and acac = acetylacetonate) have failed so far. A suitable way to get structural parameters for these monoporphyrinates is to use extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. We recorded spectra of the monoporphyrins, Ln(tpp)(acac) and Gd(tpyp)(acac) (where tpyp = tetrapyridylporphyrin), and the bisporphyrin GdH(tpyp)2 in the solid state. We particularly focused our structural analysis on Gd(tpp)(acac), applying both molecular modeling and EXAFS, which allowed us to get accurate results about the local environment of the central atom. The Gd3+ ion of the complex at room temperature was found to be bonded to four monoporphyrin nitrogen atoms at an average distance R(Gd-N(av)) = 2.48 A and to three or four oxygen atoms at R(Gd-O(ac,w)) = 2.38 A from an acetylacetonato anion and a water molecule. The presence of the second water molecule in the coordination sphere was barely discernible by EXAFS analysis. Molecular modeling has provided further information about the coordination core geometry of the Gd(tpp)(acac) monoporphyrinate, including a bishydrated coordination sphere. Also, it has enabled the construction of a 3D structural model on which multiple scattering analyses were attempted. Monte Carlo simulation was used to validate the adjustments. EXAFS spectra analysis was carried out on the derivatives, displaying slight distortions in the lanthanide central-atom coordination geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Agondanou
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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Kyrychenko A, Waluk J. Molecular dynamics simulations of matrix deposition. III. Site structure analysis for porphycene in argon and xenon. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:64706. [PMID: 16122334 DOI: 10.1063/1.1997128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphycene (1) and porphyrin (2), two constitutional isomers, reveal completely different electronic spectral patterns in argon and xenon matrices. For the former the spectra recorded in the two solidified gases resemble each other, whereas for the latter they are completely different. This difference can be rationalized by molecular-dynamics simulations of the structure of the microenvironment carried out for the two chromophores embedded in argon and xenon hosts. For 1, the structure of the main substitutional site is the same for Ar and Xe and consists of a hexagonal cavity obtained by removing seven host atoms from the [111] crystallographic plane. An analogous structure is obtained for 2 in xenon. However, in argon the porphyrin chromophore environment is shared between several different sites, with the number of replaced host atoms ranging from seven to ten. These results demonstrate that a relatively minor structural alternation may lead to major changes in the spectral pattern of molecules embedded in rare-gas cryogenic matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kyrychenko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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Pietrzak M, Shibl MF, Bröring M, Kühn O, Limbach HH. 1H/2H NMR Studies of Geometric H/D Isotope Effects on the Coupled Hydrogen Bonds in Porphycene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 129:296-304. [PMID: 17212408 DOI: 10.1021/ja065170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 1H and 2H NMR spectra of porphycene (1), 2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octaethylporphycene (2), 2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene (3), and 2,7,12,17-tetra-(tert-butyl)-3,6-13,16-dibenzo[cde;mno]porphycene (4) partially deuterated in the mobile proton sites are reported. These compounds exhibit two intramolecular NHN hydrogen bonds of increasing strength representing models of the concerted HH transfer in the parent compound, porphycene. The 1H chemical shifts of the mobile protons are correlated with the difference of the energies of the amino- and imino-N1s orbitals reported by Ghosh A.; Moulder J.; Bröring M.; Vogel E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 113, 445-448. The chemical shifts of 4 indicate a reduced contribution of the aromatic ring current as compared to the other compounds which is associated to the nonplanarity of this molecule. The primary H/D isotope effects on the chemical shifts give information about the primary, secondary, and vicinal geometric isotope effects of the two inner hydrogen bonds of porphycenes. The vicinal effects indicate a cooperative coupling of the two hydrogen bonds which may favor a concerted double proton-transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Owing to short distances between the inner nitrogen atoms and, therefore, strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds, porphycenes display completely different tautomeric properties than porphyrins, their constitutional isomers. Tunneling splitting caused by delocalization of two inner hydrogen atoms is observed for porphycenes isolated in supersonic jets. The barrier to tautomerization is higher in the lowest excited singlet state than in the ground state. Still, rapid exchange of inner hydrogen atoms is detected in S1. The mechanism of tautomerization involves synchronous double hydrogen tunneling, activated by excitation of a low-frequency mode, which modulates the NH...N separation. This separation can also be strongly altered by peripheral substitution. In porphycenes with alkyl substituents on the ethylene bridges, the NH...N distances become extremely small. For these derivatives, both trans and cis tautomeric forms are detected. Tautomerism in porphycenes was also monitored on a single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Minaev B, Wang YH, Wang CK, Luo Y, Agren H. Density functional theory study of vibronic structure of the first absorption Qx band in free-base porphin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 65:308-23. [PMID: 16920011 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmonic vibrational frequencies and vibronic intensities in the first S(0)-->S(1) (pipi( *)) absorption band of free-base porphin (H(2) P) are investigated by hybrid density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP functional. The S(0)-S(1) transition probability is calculated using time-dependent DFT with account of Franck-Condon (FC) and Herzberg-Teller (HT) contributions to the electric-dipole transition moments including displacements along all 108 vibrational modes. Two weak wide bands observed in the gas phase absorption spectra of the H(2) P molecule at 626 and 576 nm are interpreted as the 0-0 band of the X(1) A(g)-->1B(3u) transition and the 0-1 band with largest contributions from the nu(10)(a(g))=1610 cm(-1) and nu(19)(b(1g))=1600 cm(-1) modes, respectively, in agreement with previous tentative assignments. Both bands are induced by the HT mechanism, while the FC contributions are negligible. A number of fine structure bands, including combination of two vibrational quanta, are obtained and compared with available spectra from supersonic jet and Shpolskij matrices. Both absorption and fluorescence spectra are interpreted on ground of the linear coupling model and a good fulfillment of the mirror-symmetry rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Minaev
- Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Vdovin A, Sepioł J, Urbańska N, Pietraszkiewicz M, Mordziński A, Waluk J. Evidence for Two Forms, Double Hydrogen Tunneling, and Proximity of Excited States in Bridge-Substituted Porphycenes: Supersonic Jet Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2577-86. [PMID: 16492041 DOI: 10.1021/ja054745m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence and dispersed fluorescence spectra measured in supersonic jets for 9,10,19,20-tetra-n-methylporphycene and 9,10,19,20-tetra-n-propylporphycene reveal, for both compounds, the presence of two different species which are assigned to trans and cis tautomeric forms. Doublet splitting of lines is observed, disappearing upon deuteration of the inner nitrogen atoms. This finding is interpreted as an indication of double hydrogen tunneling. The values of tunneling splitting are obtained for both ground and lowest singlet excited states. The splitting is similar for cis and trans forms, and the barrier for tautomerization is larger in the excited state. Due to the coupling of hydrogen motion with rotation of alkyl substituents, tautomerization occurs in an asymmetric double minimum potential, with the ordering of energy minima reversed upon excitation. The second singlet excited state is found to lie very close to S(1), thus facilitating an efficient radiationless depopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vdovin
- Photochemistry and Spectroscopy Department and Laser Centre, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Dobkowski J, Lobko Y, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J. Energy relaxation paths in matrix-isolated excited molecules: Comparison of porphycene with dibenzoporphycenes. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dobkowski J, Galievsky V, Gil M, Waluk J. Time-resolved fluorescence studies of porphycene isolated in low-temperature gas matrices. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kyrychenko A, Waluk J. Molecular dynamics simulations of matrix deposition. I. Site structure analysis for porphyrin in argon and xenon. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1606432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hartmann M, Lindinger A, Peter Toennies J, Vilesov AF. The phonon wings in the (S1 ← S0) spectra of tetracene, pentacene, porphin and phthalocyanine in liquid helium droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gil M, Jasny J, Vogel E, Waluk J. Ground and excited state tautomerization in 9-acetoxy-2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dobkowski J, Galievsky V, Starukhin A, Waluk J. Relaxation in excited states of porphycene in low-temperature argon and nitrogen matrices. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Langer U, Hoelger C, Wehrle B, Latanowicz L, Vogel E, Limbach HH. 15N NMR study of proton localization and proton transfer thermodynamics and kinetics in polycrystalline porphycene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(200001)13:1<23::aid-poc211>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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