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Irudaya Jothi A, Rajarathinam C, Arun Viveke A, Bosco Paul MW. Substituent effects on the mesogenic benzylidenes of 4-methylaniline: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, NLO, photophysical, molecular docking, and antibacterial studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Is there substituent cross-interaction effect in all the conjugated systems containing C N polar bond? The substituent effects on the NMR chemical shifts of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidines. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Cao Z, Cao C, Cao C. Comparison of the 13
C (C = N) chemical shifts of substituted N
-(phenyl-ethylene)-anilines and substituted N
-(benzylidene)-anilines. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan 411201 China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Chaotun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan 411201 China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan 411201 China
| | - Chenzhong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan 411201 China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan 411201 China
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4
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Marinković AD, Jovanović BŽ, Assaleh FH, Vajs VV, Juranić MI. Linear free energy relationships applied to the reactivity and the 13C NMR chemical shifts in 4-[[(substituted phenyl)imino]methyl]benzoic acids. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Cao C, Lu B, Chen G. Investigation of the substituent specific cross-interaction effects on 13
C NMR of the CN bridging group in substituted benzylidene anilines. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Egawa T, Matsumoto R, Yamamoto D, Takeuchi H. Molecular structure of trans-cinnamaldehyde as determined by gas electron diffraction aided by DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Molecular structure of cotinine studied by gas electron diffraction combined with theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Neuvonen H, Neuvonen K, Koch A, Kleinpeter E. DFT study of the substituent cross-interaction effects on the conformation of substituted N-benzylideneanilines – Models of liquid crystal forming compounds: Use of 13C NMR chemical shift of the CN Carbon as a tool to predict the conformation of the molecule. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Pacifico J, Endo K, Morgan S, Mulvaney P. Superhydrophobic effects of self-assembled monolayers on micropatterned surfaces: 3-D arrays mimicking the lotus leaf. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:11072-6. [PMID: 17154586 DOI: 10.1021/la060925d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The contact angle of water has been measured on a series of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on thermally evaporated and sputter coated silver surfaces. It is found that micropatterning the surface using nanosphere lithography leads to large increases in the contact angle and generates superhydrophobic surfaces with contact angles >150 degrees. The type of functional groups on the SAMs, the metal island size, and the metal island thickness all contribute to the measured contact angle. The maximum contact angle found was 161 degrees for a fluorinated alkanethiol on 80 nm thick silver islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pacifico
- Chemistry School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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10
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Egawa T, Kamiya A, Takeuchi H, Konaka S. Molecular structure of caffeine as determined by gas electron diffraction aided by theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Egawa T, Kameyama A, Takeuchi H. Structural determination of vanillin, isovanillin and ethylvanillin by means of gas electron diffraction and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Neuvonen H, Neuvonen K, Fülöp F. Substituent Cross-Interaction Effects on the Electronic Character of the CN Bridging Group in Substituted Benzylidene Anilines − Models for Molecular Cores of Mesogenic Compounds. A 13C NMR Study and Comparison with Theoretical Results. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3141-8. [PMID: 16599611 DOI: 10.1021/jo0600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
13C NMR chemical shifts delta(C)(C=N) were measured in CDCl3 for a wide set of mesogenic molecule model compounds, viz. the substituted benzylidene anilines p-X-C6H4CH=NC6H4-p-Y (X = NO2, CN, CF3, F, Cl, H, Me, MeO, or NMe2; Y = NO2, CN, F, Cl, H, Me, MeO, or NMe2). The substituent dependence of delta(C)(C=N) was used as a tool to study electronic substituent effects on the azomethine unit. The benzylidene substituents X have a reverse effect on delta(C)(C=N): electron-withdrawing substituents cause shielding, while electron-donating ones behave oppositely, the inductive effects clearly predominating over the resonance effects. In contrast, the aniline substituents Y exert normal effects: electron-withdrawing substituents cause deshielding, while electron-donating ones cause shielding of the C=N carbon, the strengths of the inductive and resonance effects being closely similar. Additionally, the presence of a specific cross-interaction between X and Y could be verified. The electronic effects of the neighboring aromatic ring substituents systematically modify the sensitivity of the C=N group to the electronic effects of the benzylidene or aniline ring substituents. Electron-withdrawing substituents on the aniline ring decrease the sensitivity of delta(C)(C=N) to the substitution on the benzylidine ring, while electron-donating substituents have the opposite effect. In contrast, electron-withdrawing substituents on the benzylidene ring increase the sensitivity of delta(C)(C=N) to the substituent on the aniline ring, while electron-donating substituents act in the opposite way. These results can be rationalized in terms of the substituent-sensitive balance of the electron delocalization (mesomeric effects). The present NMR characteristics are discussed as regards the computational literature data. Valuable information has been obtained on the effects of the substituents on the molecular core of the mesogenic model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Neuvonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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13
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Egawa T, Kachi Y, Takeshima T, Takeuchi H, Konaka S. Structural determination of carvone, a component of spearmint, by means of gas electron diffraction augmented by theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(03)00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Egawa T, Sakamoto M, Takeuchi H, Konaka S. Structural Determination of Menthol and Isomenthol, a Minty Compound and Its Nonminty Isomer, by Means of Gas Electron Diffraction Augmented by Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Egawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakamoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Konaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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15
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Takeshima T, Fukumoto R, Egawa T, Konaka S. Molecular Structure of Nicotine As Studied by Gas Electron Diffraction Combined with Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020328+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Kuze N, Kobayashi K, Masuda Y, Hamada T, Sakaizumi T, Ohashi O, Tsuji T, Egawa T, Konaka S. Molecular structure of 1,3-dichloropropanone by gas-phase electron diffraction combined with ab initio calculations. J Mol Struct 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Tsuji T, Takashima H, Takeuchi H, Egawa T, Konaka S. Molecular Structure and Torsional Potential of trans-Azobenzene. A Gas Electron Diffraction Study. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004418v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Tsuji
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takashima
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Toru Egawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Konaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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18
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Ferrarini A. Shape model for the molecular interpretation of the flexoelectric effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:021710. [PMID: 11497611 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.021710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A mean-field model for the flexoelectric polarization in nematics is presented, based on a continuous description of director deformations coupled to the molecular degrees of freedom via surface interactions. In such a framework, a consistent picture of the flexoelectric effect is obtained, including both dipolar and quadrupolar contributions, with a realistic account of the molecular characteristics of shape and charge distribution. The method is aimed at establishing a quantitative link between chemical structure and flexoelectric response. It provides numerical estimates of the effect and its temperature dependence and allows the recognition of the relevant molecular features for its emergence. Application to some representative systems, comprising mesogenic molecules and photoisomerizable dopants, is considered; it is shown that simple interpretative schemes can be misleading and a comparison with experimental data is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferrarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Università di Padova, 2 via Loredan, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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19
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Tsuji T, Takeuchi H, Egawa T, Konaka S. Effects of molecular structure on the stability of a thermotropic liquid crystal. Gas electron diffraction study of the molecular structure of phenyl benzoate. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:6381-7. [PMID: 11427064 DOI: 10.1021/ja010192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a model of the core of molecules forming liquid crystals, the molecular structure of phenyl benzoate (Ph-C(=O)-O-Ph) at 409 K was determined by gas electron diffraction, and the relationship between the gas-phase structures of model compounds and the nematic-to-liquid transition temperatures was studied. Structural constraints were obtained from RHF/6-31G ab initio calculations. Vibrational mean amplitudes and shrinkage corrections were calculated from the harmonic force constants given by normal coordinate analysis. Thermal vibrations were treated as small-amplitude motions, except for the phenyl torsion, which was treated as a large-amplitude motion. The potential function for torsion was assumed to be V(phi(1),phi(2)) = V(12)(1 - cos 2phi(1))/2 + V(14)(1 - cos 4phi(1))/2 + V(22)(1 - cos 2phi(2))/2, where phi(1) and phi(2) denote the torsional angles around the C-Ph and O-Ph bonds, respectively. The potential constants (V(ij)()/kcal mol(-)(1)) and the principal structure parameters (r(g)/A, angle(alpha)/deg) with the estimated limits of error (3sigma) are as follows: V(12) = -1.3 (assumed); V(14) = -0.5(9); V(22) = 3.5(15); r(C=O) = 1.208(4); r(C(=O)-O) = 1.362(6); r(C(=O)-O) - r(O-C) = -0.044 (assumed); r(C(=O)-C) = 1.478(10); <r(C-C)> = 1.396(1); angleOCO = 124.2(13); angleO=CC = 127.3(12); angleCOC = 121.4(22); ( angleOCC(cis) - angleOCC(trans))/2 = 3.0(15); ( angleC(=O)CC(cis) - angleC(=O)CC(trans))/2 = 4.8(17), where < > means an average value and C-C(cis) and C-C(trans) bonds are cis and trans to the C(=O)-O bond, respectively. The torsional angle around the O-Ph bond was determined to be 64(+26,-12) degrees. An apparent correlation was found between the contributions of the cores to the clearing point of liquid crystals and the gas-phase structures of model compounds of the cores of mesogens, i.e., phenyl benzoate, trans-azobenzene (t-AB), N-benzylideneaniline, N-benzylideneaniline N-oxide (NBANO), trans-azoxybenzene (t-AXB), and trans-stilbene. The structures of t-AB, NBANO, and t-AXB have been obtained by our research group.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuji
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Inoue K, Takeuchi H, Konaka S. Molecular Structures of Related Compounds of Mesogens Studied by 1H NMR Using a Liquid Crystal Solvent: Tolan and trans-Azobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0045944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Inoue
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Konaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Egawa T, Konaka S. Molecular Structure of 2-Butanimine, an Unstable Imine, as Studied by Gas Electron Diffraction Combined with MP2 and DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Egawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Konaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Tsuji T, Takashima H, Takeuchi H, Egawa T, Konaka S. Molecular structure of trans -azoxybenzene determined by gas electron diffraction combined with ab initio calculations. J Mol Struct 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Egawa T, Ohtsubo M, Nakagawa H, Kuze N, Fujiwara H, Konaka S. Structural and Conformational Studies of N,N-Dichloroethanamine and N,N-Dichloro-2-propanamine by Gas Electron Diffraction Combined with ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Egawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masataka Ohtsubo
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kuze
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideo Fujiwara
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Konaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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