1
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Song Y, Yang X, Liu H, Liang S, Cai Y, Yang W, Zhu K, Yu L, Cui X, Deng D. High-Pressure Electro-Fenton Driving CH 4 Conversion by O 2 at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5834-5842. [PMID: 38277793 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CH4 to easily transportable and value-added liquid fuels is highly attractive for energy-efficient CH4 utilization, but it is challenging due to the low reactivity and solubility of CH4 in the electrolyte. Herein, we report a high-pressure electro-Fenton (HPEF) strategy to establish a hetero-homogeneous process for the electrocatalytic conversion of CH4 by O2 at room temperature. In combination with elevation of reactant pressure to accelerate reaction kinetics, it delivers an unprecedented HCOOH productivity of 11.5 mmol h-1 gFe-1 with 220 times enhancement compared to that under ambient pressure. Remarkably, an HCOOH Faradic efficiency of 81.4% can be achieved with an ultralow cathodic overpotential of 0.38 V. The elevated pressure not only promotes the electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to H2O2 but also increases the reaction collision probability between CH4 and •OH, which is in situ generated from the Fe2+-facilitated decomposition of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Suxia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yafeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoju Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dehui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Reactivity of Undissociated Molecular Nitric Acid at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:453-462. [PMID: 33355444 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments and theoretical calculations have shown that HNO3 may exist in molecular form in aqueous environments, where in principle one would expect this strong acid to be completely dissociated. Much effort has been devoted to understanding this fact, which has huge environmental relevance since nitric acid is a component of acid rain and also contributes to renoxification processes in the atmosphere. Although the importance of heterogeneous processes such as oxidation and photolysis have been evidenced by experiments, most theoretical studies on hydrated molecular HNO3 have focused on the acid dissociation mechanism. In the present work, we carry out calculations at various levels of theory to obtain insight into the properties of molecular nitric acid at the surface of liquid water (the air-water interface). Through multi-nanosecond combined quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations, we analyze the interface affinity of nitric acid and provide an order of magnitude for its lifetime with regard to acid dissociation, which is close to the value deduced using thermodynamic data in the literature (∼0.3 ns). Moreover, we study the electronic absorption spectrum and calculate the rate constant for the photolytic process HNO3 + hν → NO2 + OH, leading to 2 × 10-6 s-1, about twice the value in the gas phase. Finally, we describe the reaction HNO3 + OH → NO3 + H2O using a cluster model containing 21 water molecules with the help of high-level ab initio calculations. A large number of reaction paths are explored, and our study leads to the conclusion that the most favorable mechanism involves the formation of a pre-reactive complex (HNO3)(OH) from which product are obtained through a coupled proton-electron transfer mechanism that has a free-energy barrier of 6.65 kcal·mol-1. Kinetic calculations predict a rate constant increase by ∼4 orders of magnitude relative to the gas phase, and we conclude that at the air-water interface, a lower limit for the rate constant is k = 1.2 × 10-9 cm3·molecule-1·s-1. The atmospheric significance of all these results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC - CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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3
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Nguyen TL, Stanton JF. Pressure-Dependent Rate Constant Caused by Tunneling Effects: OH + HNO 3 as an Example. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3712-3717. [PMID: 32320247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling effects on chemical reactions are well-known and have been unambiguously demonstrated by processes that involve the motion of hydrogen atoms at low temperature. However, the process by which tunneling effects cause a falloff curve (i.e., how reaction rate constants depend on pressure) has apparently not been previously documented. This work points out that falloff curves can indeed be caused by tunneling and explains the effect in simple terms. This is an interesting feature of quantum tunneling, which can appear in low temperature chemistry (such as in atmospheric or interstellar environments). In this Letter, we use high-level coupled-cluster calculations in combination with master-equation methods on the well-studied reaction of OH with HNO3, which plays an important role in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Our results in combination with available experimental data clearly demonstrate that the tunneling correction depends on not just temperature, but also pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John F Stanton
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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4
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Bedjanian Y. Temperature‐dependent rate constant for the reaction of F atoms with HNO
3. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Bedjanian
- Institut de CombustionAérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE) CNRS Orléans Cedex 2 France
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5
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Winiberg FA, Percival CJ, Sander SP. Quantification of nitric acid using photolysis induced fluorescence for use in chemical kinetic studies. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpletx.2019.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Parrino F, Livraghi S, Giamello E, Palmisano L. The Existence of Nitrate Radicals in Irradiated TiO
2
Aqueous Suspensions in the Presence of Nitrate Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parrino
- Dipartimento di EnergiaIngegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM)University of Palermo viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Stefano Livraghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NISUniversity of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Elio Giamello
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NISUniversity of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Leonardo Palmisano
- Dipartimento di EnergiaIngegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM)University of Palermo viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
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7
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Parrino F, Livraghi S, Giamello E, Palmisano L. The Existence of Nitrate Radicals in Irradiated TiO 2 Aqueous Suspensions in the Presence of Nitrate Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10702-10706. [PMID: 29938878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of the existence of nitrate radical in irradiated aqueous TiO2 suspensions in the presence of nitrate ions are reported for the first time. The joint use of UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy showed that nitrate radicals are formed by hole induced oxidation of nitrate ions. Photocatalytic degradation of a model alkene compound allowed to highlight the presence of an intermediate organic nitrate deriving from nitrate radical attack to the double bond of the substrate. These results not only allow deeper understanding of photocatalytic processes, but open the route to new green photocatalytic syntheses initiated by nitrate radicals and to new insights in the field of atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parrino
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Livraghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elio Giamello
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Musat R, Denisov SA, Marignier JL, Mostafavi M. Decoding the Three-Pronged Mechanism of NO 3• Radical Formation in HNO 3 Solutions at 22 and 80 °C Using Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2121-2129. [PMID: 29365267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With nitric acid (HNO3) being at the core of nuclear technology through actinides separation and extraction processes, achieving a complete characterization of the complex processes involving concentrated HNO3 solutions under ionizing radiation equates bringing efficiency and safety into their operation. In this work, the three mechanisms contributing to the formation of nitrate radicals (NO3•) in concentrated nitric acid were investigated by measuring the radiolytic yield of NO3• in HNO3 solutions (0.5-23.5 M) at room (22.5 °C) and elevated (80 °C) temperatures on time scales spanning from picosecond to microsecond by pulse radiolysis measurements. We conclude that the formation yield of NO3•, just after the 7 ps electron pulse, is due to the direct effect and to the ultrafast electron transfer reaction between NO3- and the water cation radical, H2O•+. The absolute formation yield of NO3• radicals due to the direct effect, GNO3•dir, is found to be (3.4 ± 0.1) × 10-7 mol·J-1, irrespective of the concentration and temperature. On longer time scales, >1 ns, an additional contribution to NO3• formation from the reaction between •OH radicals and undissociated HNO3 is observed. The rate constant of this reaction, which is activation-controlled, was determined to be (5.3 ± 0.2) × 107 M-1·s-1 for 22.5 °C, reaching a value of (1.1 ± 0.2) × 108 M-1·s-1 at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Musat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sergey A Denisov
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jean-Louis Marignier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Mehran Mostafavi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
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9
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Winiberg FAF, Percival CJ, Shannon R, Khan MAH, Shallcross DE, Liu Y, Sander SP. Reaction kinetics of OH + HNO3 under conditions relevant to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24652-24664. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Key upper atmosphere reaction of HNO3 + OH studied over extended pressure and temperature range using new alternative detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl J. Percival
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Robin Shannon
- School of Chemistry
- Cantock's Close
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
| | - M. Anwar H. Khan
- School of Chemistry
- Cantock's Close
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
| | | | - Yingdi Liu
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Stanley P. Sander
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
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10
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Carey PE, Stevens PS. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Kinetics of the OH + Propionaldehyde Reaction between 277 and 375 K at Low Pressure. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1377-85. [PMID: 26356683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with propionaldehyde as a function of temperature were performed using low-pressure discharge-flow tube techniques coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection of OH radicals. The measured room-temperature rate constant of (1.51 ± 0.22) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecules(-1) s(-1) at 4 Torr was generally lower but in reasonable agreement with previous absolute and relative rate studies at higher pressures. Measurements as a function of temperature resulted in an Arrhenius expression of (2.3 ± 0.4) × 10(-11) exp[(-110 ± 50)/T] cm(3) molecules(-1) s(-1) between 277 and 375 K at 4 Torr. The observed temperature dependence at low pressure is in contrast to previous measurements of a negative temperature dependence at higher pressures. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface for this reaction suggest that the primary reaction pathway involves the formation of a hydrogen-bonded prereactive complex, which could account for the difference in the observed temperature dependence at lower and higher pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Carey
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Chemistry Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Philip S Stevens
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Chemistry Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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11
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Amedro D, Vereecken L, Crowley JN. Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of perfluoro propyl vinyl ether (PPVE, C₃F₇OCH=CH₂) with OH: assessment of its fate in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18558-66. [PMID: 26112907 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Absolute rate coefficients for the reaction between OH radicals and perfluoro propyl vinyl ether (PPVE) were obtained using the technique of pulsed laser photolysis with the detection of OH radicals by laser induced fluorescence. Rate coefficients were measured over a range of temperatures (212-298 K) and at either 50 or 200 Torr bath-gas (N2 or N2/O2). The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is given by k1(212-298 K) = (4.88 ± 0.49) × 10(-13) exp[(564 ± 10)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with a value at room temperature of (3.4 ± 0.3) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). No pressure dependence was observed, indicating that the reaction is at the high pressure limit under atmospheric conditions. The accuracy of the rate coefficient obtained was enhanced by on-line optical absorption measurements of PPVE at 184.95 nm using a value of σ(184.95 nm) = (5.64 ± 0.28) × 10(-18) cm(2) molecule(-1) determined in this work. An atmospheric lifetime of a few days for PPVE was calculated. Extensive quantum chemical calculations as a complement to the experimental work are presented in order to determine its probable tropospheric degradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Amedro
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Sciences, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Zhong W, Mao L, Yi W, Zou G, Li Y, Yin D. Highly efficient light-driven HNO3 nitration–oxidation of cyclohexane to co-product nitrocyclohexane and adipic acid in a biphasic system. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Du J, Keesee RG, Zhu L. Experimental Study of the Competitive Adsorption of HNO3 and H2O on Surfaces by Using Brewster Angle Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy in the 295–345 nm Region. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8177-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Wadsworth Center,
New York State
Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Robert G. Keesee
- Department
of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Wadsworth Center,
New York State
Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
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14
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Anglada JM, Olivella S, Solé A. Atmospheric formation of the NO3 radical from gas-phase reaction of HNO3 acid with the NH2 radical: proton-coupled electron-transfer versus hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19437-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The amidogen radical abstracts the hydrogen from nitric acid through a proton coupled electron transfer mechanism rather than by an hydrogen atom transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular
- (IQAC – CSIC)
- E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Olivella
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular
- (IQAC – CSIC)
- E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Solé
- Departament de Química Física i Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Abida O, Du J, Zhu L. Investigation of the photolysis of the surface-adsorbed HNO3 by combining laser photolysis with Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Du J, Zhu L. Quantification of the absorption cross sections of surface-adsorbed nitric acid in the 335–365nm region by Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Huang YW, Dransfield TJ, Anderson JG. Experimental evidence for the pressure dependence of the reaction rate constant between acetic acid and hydroxyl radicals. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11538-44. [PMID: 20925416 DOI: 10.1021/jp106446q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction rate constant of acetic acid with the hydroxyl radical is measured at 93 Torr with our high-pressure flow system (HPFS) and found to display a negative temperature dependence that can be described by the Arrhenius expression, k(T) = (2.44 ± 0.22) × 10(-14) exp ((1027 ± 24)/T)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Compared with our previously reported 7 Torr data, we find a noticeable pressure dependence. This dependence is observed to increase with decreasing temperature. This finding is consistent with a termolecular reaction mechanism. It is the first experimental evidence of the pressure dependence for this rate constant. A kinetics model is constructed, and the model results agree qualitatively with our experimental data. The extrapolated rate constant of the title reaction would be faster than previously believed at conditions of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, suggesting that the importance of acetic acid in its impact on HO(x) chemistry is currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-wen Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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18
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Gonzalez J, Anglada JM. Gas Phase Reaction of Nitric Acid with Hydroxyl Radical without and with Water. A Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9151-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102935d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gonzalez
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC - CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC - CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Zhu C, Xiang B, Chu LT, Zhu L. 308 nm Photolysis of Nitric Acid in the Gas Phase, on Aluminum Surfaces, and on Ice Films. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2561-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509, and School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509, and School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang T. Chu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509, and School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509, and School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Baasandorj M, Griffith S, Dusanter S, Stevens PS. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Kinetics of the OH + Hydroxyacetone Reaction As a Function of Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10495-502. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904238w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Baasandorj
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Stephen Griffith
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Sebastien Dusanter
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Philip S. Stevens
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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21
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Murray C, Derro EL, Sechler TD, Lester MI. Weakly bound molecules in the atmosphere: a case study of HOOO. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:419-27. [PMID: 19113857 DOI: 10.1021/ar8001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Weakly bound molecules--particularly hydrated complexes of abundant atmospheric species--have long been postulated to play an important role in atmospherically relevant reactions. For example, such complexes could seed cloud formation and alter the global radiation budget. In this Account, we initially describe the current data on weakly bound species produced in association reactions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with molecular partners, particularly oxygen (O(2)), nitric acid (HONO(2)), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). Researchers have identified weakly bound association products of these reactions as the hydrogen trioxy (HOOO) radical, the doubly hydrogen-bonded OH-HONO(2) complex, and peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), respectively. In each case, previous kinetic studies of the reaction or OH vibrational relaxation processes have indicated unusual, non-Arrhenius behavior. Under the temperature-pressure conditions of the Earth's lower atmosphere, these processes exhibit a negative temperature dependence, indicative of an attractive interaction, or a pressure dependence. Researchers have subsequently carried out extensive theoretical studies of the properties of these weakly bound molecules, but the theoretical studies have lacked experimental validation. Next, we describe experimental studies to determine the vibrational frequencies and stability of HOOO as a prototypical example of these weakly bound molecules. We then use these data to assess its importance in the atmosphere. We discuss the efficient production of the HOOO radical from OH and O(2) under laboratory conditions and its subsequent detection using infrared action spectroscopy, a highly sensitive and selective double resonance technique. Using excitation of OH stretch and combination bands comprising OH stretch with lower frequency modes, we obtain detailed spectroscopic information on the vibrational modes of the two conformers of HOOO. In addition, we infer fundamental information about the dissociation dynamics from the OH product state distribution, which provides insight into the chemical bonding in HOOO. Perhaps most importantly, we utilize a simple conservation of energy relationship based on the highest energetically open OH product state to derive a rigorous upper limit for the stability of HOOO relative to the OH + O(2) asymptote of 5.3 kcal mol(-1). When combined with previous experimental rotational constants that reflect the structure of the HOOO radical, our laboratory characterization of its stability and vibrational frequencies provides critical information to assess its thermochemical properties. Using standard statistical mechanics approaches, we can calculate the likely atmospheric abundance of HOOO. We estimate that up to 25% of the OH radicals in the vicinity of the tropopause may be associated with O(2) as a weakly bound molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Erika L. Derro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Timothy D. Sechler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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22
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Spectroscopic identification and stability of the intermediate in the OH + HONO2 reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12678-83. [PMID: 18678905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800320105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of nitric acid with the hydroxyl radical influences the residence time of HONO(2) in the lower atmosphere. Prior studies [Brown SS, Burkholder JB, Talukdar RK, Ravishankara AR (2001) J Phys Chem A 105:1605-1614] have revealed unusual kinetic behavior for this reaction, including a negative temperature dependence, a complex pressure dependence, and an overall reaction rate strongly affected by isotopic substitution. This behavior suggested that the reaction occurs through an intermediate, theoretically predicted to be a hydrogen-bonded OH-HONO(2) complex in a six-membered ring-like configuration. In this study, the intermediate is generated directly by the association of photolytically generated OH radicals with HONO(2) and stabilized in a pulsed supersonic expansion. Infrared action spectroscopy is used to identify the intermediate by the OH radical stretch (nu(1)) and OH stretch of nitric acid (nu(2)) in the OH-HONO(2) complex. Two vibrational features are attributed to OH-HONO(2): a rotationally structured nu(1) band at 3516.8 cm(-1) and an extensively broadened nu(2) feature at 3260 cm(-1), both shifted from their respective monomers. These same transitions are identified for OD-DONO(2). Assignments of the features are based on their vibrational frequencies, analysis of rotational band structure, and comparison with complementary high level ab initio calculations. In addition, the OH (v = 0) product state distributions resulting from nu(1) and nu(2) excitation are used to determine the binding energy of OH-HONO(2), D(0) <or= 5.3 kcal x mol(-1), which is in good accord with ab initio predictions.
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23
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Zhu C, Xiang B, Zhu L, Cole R. Determination of absorption cross sections of surface-adsorbed HNO3 in the 290–330nm region by Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Riffault V, Gierczak T, Burkholder JB, Ravishankara AR. Quantum yields for OH production in the photodissociation of HNO3 at 248 and 308 nm and H2O2 at 308 and 320 nm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1079-85. [PMID: 16633589 DOI: 10.1039/b513760h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The quantum yields for OH formation from the photolysis of HNO(3) were measured to be (0.88 +/- 0.09) at 248 and (1.05 +/- 0.29) at 308 nm and of H(2)O(2) to be (1.93 +/- 0.39) at 308 and (1.96 +/- 0.50) at 320 nm. The quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic uncertainties. OH radicals were produced using pulsed laser photolysis and monitored using pulsed laser-induced fluorescence. Quantum yields were measured relative to the OH quantum yields from a reference system. The measured quantum yields at 248 nm are in agreement with previous direct determinations. The quantum yield values at 308 and 320 nm are the first direct quantum yield measurements at these wavelengths and confirm the values currently recommended for atmospheric model calculations. Rate coefficients (at 298 K) for the OH + H(2)O(2) and OH + HNO(3) + M (in 100 Torr of N(2)) reactions were measured during this study to be (1.99 +/- 0.16) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and (1.44 +/- 0.12) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Riffault
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA
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25
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Jiménez E, Gierczak T, Stark H, Burkholder JB, Ravishankara AR. Reaction of OH with HO2NO2 (Peroxynitric Acid): Rate Coefficients between 218 and 335 K and Product Yields at 298 K. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0363489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Tomasz Gierczak
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Harald Stark
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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26
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Li Q. Export of NOyfrom the North American boundary layer: Reconciling aircraft observations and global model budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Cohen RC, Murphy JG. Photochemistry of NO2 in Earth's Stratosphere: Constraints from Observations. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4985-98. [PMID: 14664640 DOI: 10.1021/cr020647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Donahue
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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29
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Cox RA. Chemical Kinetics and Atmospheric Chemistry: Role of Data Evaluation. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4533-48. [PMID: 14664621 DOI: 10.1021/cr020648p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anthony Cox
- Center for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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30
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McCabe DC, Brown SS, Gilles MK, Talukdar RK, Smith IWM, Ravishankara AR. Kinetics of the Removal of OH(v = 1) and OD(v = 1) by HNO3 and DNO3 from 253 to 383 K. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0346413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. McCabe
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL2, Boulder, Colorado 80305, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL2, Boulder, Colorado 80305, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K. Gilles
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL2, Boulder, Colorado 80305, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ranajit K. Talukdar
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL2, Boulder, Colorado 80305, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W. M. Smith
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL2, Boulder, Colorado 80305, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL2, Boulder, Colorado 80305, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W M Smith
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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32
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Rinsland CP. Post-Mount Pinatubo eruption ground-based infrared stratospheric column measurements of HNO3, NO, and NO2and their comparison with model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Klonecki A. Seasonal changes in the transport of pollutants into the Arctic troposphere-model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Davies S, Chipperfield MP, Carslaw KS, Sinnhuber BM, Anderson JG, Stimpfle RM, Wilmouth DM, Fahey DW, Popp PJ, Richard EC, von der Gathen P, Jost H, Webster CR. Modeling the effect of denitrification on Arctic ozone depletion during winter 1999/2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Davies
- School of the Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds England UK
| | | | - K. S. Carslaw
- School of the Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds England UK
| | - B.-M. Sinnhuber
- School of the Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds England UK
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - R. M. Stimpfle
- Department of Chemistry; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - D. M. Wilmouth
- Department of Chemistry; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - D. W. Fahey
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. J. Popp
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - H. Jost
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
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35
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Küll V, Riese M, Tie X, Wiemert T, Eidmann G, Offermann D, Brasseur GP. NOypartitioning and aerosol influences in the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Küll
- Physics Department; University of Wuppertal; Germany
| | - M. Riese
- Physics Department; University of Wuppertal; Germany
| | - X. Tie
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Wiemert
- Physics Department; University of Wuppertal; Germany
| | - G. Eidmann
- Physics Department; University of Wuppertal; Germany
| | - D. Offermann
- Physics Department; University of Wuppertal; Germany
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36
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Smith IWM, Ravishankara AR. Role of Hydrogen-Bonded Intermediates in the Bimolecular Reactions of the Hydroxyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014234w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. M. Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2 TT, U.K., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2 TT, U.K., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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37
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Chapter 14 Chemistry of HOx radicals in the upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(02)80017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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38
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Sinnhuber BM. Comparison of measurements and model calculations of stratospheric bromine monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Considine DB, Rosenfield JE, Fleming EL. An interactive model study of the influence of the Mount Pinatubo aerosol on stratospheric methane and water trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Rozanov EV, Schlesinger ME, Zubov VA. The University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign three-dimensional stratosphere-troposphere general circulation model with interactive ozone photochemistry: Fifteen-year control run climatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Bey I, Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Yantosca RM. Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in spring: Origins, pathways, and budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Bey I, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Logan JA, Field BD, Fiore AM, Li Q, Liu HY, Mickley LJ, Schultz MG. Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1659] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Carl SA, Ingham T, Moortgat GK, Crowley JN. OH kinetics and photochemistry of HNO3 in the presence of water vapor. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Shindell DT, Grenfell JL, Rind D, Grewe V, Price C. Chemistry-climate interactions in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model: 1. Tropospheric chemistry model description and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Callis LB, Natarajan M, Lambeth JD. Solar-atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 3. Comparisons of simulations and observations, 1979-1997, issues and implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Poskrebyshev GA, Neta P, Huie RE. Equilibrium constant of the reaction ·OH + HNO3⇆ H2O + NO3. in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Thomas ER, Frost GJ, Rudich Y. Reactive uptake of ozone by proxies for organic aerosols: Surface-bound and gas-phase products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Xia WS, Lin MC. A multifacet mechanism for the OH+HNO[sub 3] reaction: An ab initio molecular orbital/statistical theory study. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1337061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Brown SS, Burkholder JB, Talukdar RK, Ravishankara AR. Reaction of Hydroxyl Radical with Nitric Acid: Insights into Its Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002394m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, R/AL2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305
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50
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Crutzen PJ, Brühl C. Catalysis by NOx as the Main Cause of the Spring to Fall Stratospheric Ozone Decline in the Northern Hemisphere. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Crutzen
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Brühl
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
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