1
|
Xue Y, Sun W, Shi W, Huang CH, Santoro D. Prehydrated Electrons Activated by Continuous Electron Transfer Stemmed from Peracetic Acid Homolysis Mediated by Diamond Surface Defects for Enhanced PFOA Destruction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11152-11161. [PMID: 38867504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Research on the use of peracetic acid (PAA) activated by nonmetal solid catalysts for the removal of dissolved refractory organic compounds has gained attention recently due to its improved efficiency and suitability for advanced water treatment (AWT). Among these catalysts, nanocarbon (NC) stands out as an exceptional example. In the NC-based peroxide AWT studies, the focus on the mechanism involving multimedia coordination on the NC surface (reactive species (RS) path, electron reduction non-RS pathway, and singlet oxygen non-RS path) has been confined to the one-step electron reaction, leaving the mechanisms of multichannel or continuous electron transfer paths unexplored. Moreover, there are very few studies that have identified the nonfree radical pathway initiated by electron transfer within PAA AWT. In this study, the complete decomposition (kobs = 0.1995) and significant defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, deF% = 72%) through PAA/NC has been confirmed. Through the use of multiple electrochemical monitors and the exploration of current diffusion effects, the process of electron reception and conduction stimulated by PAA activation was examined, leading to the discovery of the dynamic process from the PAA molecule → NC solid surface → target object. The vital role of prehydrated electrons (epre-) before the entry of resolvable electrons into the aqueous phase was also detailed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of identifying the nonradical mechanism of continuous electron transfer in PAA-based AWT, which deviates from the previously identified mechanisms of singlet oxygen, single-electron, or double-electron single-path transfer. The pathway, along with the strong reducibility of epre- initiated by this pathway, has been proven to be essential in reducing the need for catalysts and chemicals in AWT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanei Xue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Domenico Santoro
- USP Technologies, 3020 Gore Road, London, Ontario N5 V4T7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dobrovolskii D, Denisov SA, Sims HE, Mostafavi M. Reactivity of quasi-free electrons toward N 3- and its impact on H 2 formation mechanism in water radiolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11604-11610. [PMID: 38545925 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Picosecond pulse radiolysis measurements were employed to assess the effectiveness of N3- in scavenging quasi-free electrons in aqueous solutions. The absorption spectra of hydrated electrons were recorded within a 100 ps timeframe across four distinct solutions with N3- concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 M in water. The results revealed a concentration-dependent shift in the maximum absorption spectra of fully solvated electrons. Notably, at 5 M concentration, the maximum absorption occurred at 670 nm, in contrast to 715 nm observed for water. Intriguingly, the formation yield of hydrated electrons within the initial 5 ps electron pulse remained unaffected, showing that, even at a concentration of 5 M, N3- does not effectively scavenge quasi-free electrons. This is in disagreement with conclusions from stochastic models found in the literature. This observation has an important impact on understanding the mechanism of H2 formation in water radiolysis, which we discuss briefly here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dobrovolskii
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 349, Orsay, 91405, France.
| | - Sergey A Denisov
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 349, Orsay, 91405, France.
| | - Howard E Sims
- Central Laboratory, National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale CA20 1PG, UK
| | - Mehran Mostafavi
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 349, Orsay, 91405, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crook MF, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Ondry JC, Ciston J, Bustillo KC, Vargas A, Alivisatos AP. EELS Studies of Cerium Electrolyte Reveal Substantial Solute Concentration Effects in Graphene Liquid Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6648-6657. [PMID: 36939571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy is a powerful technique to visualize nanoscale dynamics and transformations at atomic resolution. However, the solution in liquid cells is known to be affected by radiolysis, and the stochastic formation of graphene liquid cells raises questions about the solution chemistry in individual pockets. In this study, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to evaluate a model encapsulated solution, aqueous CeCl3. First, the ratio between the O K-edge and Ce M-edge was used to approximate the concentration of cerium salt in the graphene liquid cell. It was determined that the ratio between oxygen and cerium was orders of magnitude lower than what is expected for a dilute solution, indicating that the encapsulated solution is highly concentrated. To probe how this affects the chemistry within graphene liquid cells, the oxidation of Ce3+ was measured using time-resolved parallel EELS. It was determined that Ce3+ oxidizes faster under high electron fluxes, but reaches the same steady-state Ce4+ concentration regardless of flux. The time-resolved concentration profiles enabled direct comparison to radiolysis models, which indicate rate constants and g-values of certain molecular species are substantially different in the highly concentrated environment. Finally, electron flux-dependent gold nanocrystal etching trajectories showed that gold nanocrystals etch faster at higher electron fluxes, correlating well with the Ce3+ oxidation kinetics. Understanding the effects of the highly concentrated solution in graphene liquid cells will provide new insight on previous studies and may open up opportunities to systematically study systems in highly concentrated solutions at high resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfred Vargas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giannakandropoulou SI, Desjonqueres H, Wittebroodt C, Baldacchino G. “Impact of γ-radiation on carbon steel anaerobic corrosion and H2 production.”. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
5
|
Ali Y, Auzel L, Monini C, Kriachok K, Létang JM, Testa E, Maigne L, Beuve M. Monte Carlo simulations of nanodosimetry and radiolytic species production for monoenergetic proton and electron beams: Benchmarking of GEANT4-DNA and LPCHEM codes. Med Phys 2022; 49:3457-3469. [PMID: 35318686 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In hadrontherapy, biophysical models can be used to predict the biological effect received by cancerous tissues and organs at risk. The input data of these models generally consist of information on nano/micro dosimetric quantities and, concerning some models, reactive species produced in water radiolysis. In order to fully account for the radiation stochastic effects, these input data have to be provided by Monte Carlo track structure (MCTS) codes allowing to estimate physical, physico-chemical, and chemical effects of radiation at the molecular scale. The objective of this study is to benchmark two MCTS codes, Geant4-DNA and LPCHEM, that are useful codes for estimating the biological effects of ions during radiation therapy treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we considered the simulation of specific energy spectra for monoenergetic proton beams (10 MeV) as well as radiolysis species production for both electron (1 MeV) and proton (10 MeV) beams with Geant4-DNA and LPCHEM codes. Options 2, 4, and 6 of the Geant4-DNA physics lists have been benchmarked against LPCHEM. We compared probability distributions of energy transfer points in cylindrical nanometric targets (10 nm) positioned in a liquid water box. Then, radiochemical species (· OH, e aq - ${\rm{e}}_{{\rm{aq}}}^ - $ , H 3 O + , H 2 O 2 ${{\rm{H}}_3}{{\rm{O}}^ + },{\rm{\;}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_2}$ , H2 , and O H - ) ${\rm{O}}{{\rm{H}}^ - }){\rm{\;}}$ yields simulated between 10-12 and 10-6 s after irradiation are compared. RESULTS Overall, the specific energy spectra and the chemical yields obtained by the two codes are in good agreement considering the uncertainties on experimental data used to calibrate the parameters of the MCTS codes. For 10 MeV proton beams, ionization and excitation processes are the major contributors to the specific energy deposition (larger than 90%) while attachment, solvation, and vibration processes are minor contributors. LPCHEM simulates tracks with slightly more concentrated energy depositions than Geant4-DNA which translates into slightly faster recombination than Geant4-DNA. Relative deviations (CEV ) with respect to the average of evolution rates of the radical yields between 10-12 and 10-6 s remain below 10%. When comparing execution times between the codes, we showed that LPCHEM is faster than Geant4-DNA by a factor of about four for 1000 primary particles in all simulation stages (physical, physico-chemical, and chemical). In multi-thread mode (four threads), Geant4-DNA computing times are reduced but remain slower than LPCHEM by ∼20% up to ∼50%. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the entire physical, physico-chemical, and chemical models of two track structure Monte Carlo codes have been benchmarked along with an extensive analysis on the effects on the water radiolysis simulation. This study opens up new perspectives in using specific energy distributions and radiolytic species yields from monoenergetic ions in biophysical models integrated to Monte Carlo software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Ali
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Lucas Auzel
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière cedex, 63178, France
| | - Caterina Monini
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Kateryna Kriachok
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière cedex, 63178, France
| | - Jean Michel Létang
- CREATIS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Etienne Testa
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Lydia Maigne
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière cedex, 63178, France
| | - Michael Beuve
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding Z, Goldsmith ZK, Selloni A. Pathways for Electron Transfer at MgO–Water Interfaces from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2002-2009. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhutian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zachary K. Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Muroya Y, Jay-Gerin JP. Scavenging of “dry” electrons prior to hydration by azide ions: effect on the formation of H2 in the radiolysis of water by 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we use Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations to show that “dry” secondary electrons, precursors of the “hydrated” electron (e−aq), can be scavenged on the sub-picosecond time scale prior to hydration, by a high concentration (>0.1–1 M) of azide ions (N3−) in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons at 25 °C. This is a striking result, as N3− is known to react very slowly with e−aq. These processes tend to significantly reduce the yields of H2 as observed experimentally. For both energetic Compton electrons (“linear energy transfer”, LET ∼ 0.3 keV/µm), which are generated by the cobalt-60 γ-rays, and 3H β-electrons (LET ∼ 6 keV/µm), our H2 yield results confirm previous Monte Carlo simulations, which indicated the necessity of including the capture of the precursors to e−aq. Interestingly, our calculations show no significant changes in the scavenging of “dry” electrons at high azide concentrations in passing from γ-radiolysis to tritium β-radiolysis (i.e., with LET). This led us to the conclusion that the higher H2 yield observed experimentally for 3H β-electrons compared with 60Co γ-rays is mainly explained by the difference in the radiation track structures during the chemical stage (>1 ps). The higher LET of tritium β-electrons leads to more molecular products (H2 in this case) in tritium radiolysis than in γ-radiolysis. Finally, a value of ∼0.5 nm was derived for the reaction distance between N3− and the “dry” electron from the H2 yields observed in 60Co γ-radiolysis at high N3− concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yusa Muroya
- Department of Beam Materials Science, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramos-Méndez J, LaVerne JA, Domínguez-Kondo N, Milligan J, Štěpán V, Stefanová K, Perrot Y, Villagrasa C, Shin WG, Incerti S, McNamara A, Paganetti H, Perl J, Schuemann J, Faddegon B. TOPAS-nBio validation for simulating water radiolysis and DNA damage under low-LET irradiation. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34412044 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac1f39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical stage of the Monte Carlo track-structure simulation code Geant4-DNA has been revised and validated. The root-mean-square (RMS) empirical parameter that dictates the displacement of water molecules after an ionization and excitation event in Geant4-DNA has been shortened to better fit experimental data. The pre-defined dissociation channels and branching ratios were not modified, but the reaction rate coefficients for simulating the chemical stage of water radiolysis were updated. The evaluation of Geant4-DNA was accomplished with TOPAS-nBio. For that, we compared predicted time-dependentGvalues in pure liquid water for·OH, e-aq, and H2with published experimental data. For H2O2and H·, simulation of added scavengers at different concentrations resulted in better agreement with measurements. In addition, DNA geometry information was integrated with chemistry simulation in TOPAS-nBio to realize reactions between radiolytic chemical species and DNA. This was used in the estimation of the yield of single-strand breaks (SSB) induced by137Csγ-ray radiolysis of supercoiled pUC18 plasmids dissolved in aerated solutions containing DMSO. The efficiency of SSB induction by reaction between radiolytic species and DNA used in the simulation was chosen to provide the best agreement with published measurements. An RMS displacement of 1.24 nm provided agreement with measured data within experimental uncertainties for time-dependentGvalues and under the presence of scavengers. SSB efficiencies of 24% and 0.5% for·OH and H·, respectively, led to an overall agreement of TOPAS-nBio results within experimental uncertainties. The efficiencies obtained agreed with values obtained with published non-homogeneous kinetic model and step-by-step Monte Carlo simulations but disagreed by 12% with published direct measurements. Improvement of the spatial resolution of the DNA damage model might mitigate such disagreement. In conclusion, with these improvements, Geant4-DNA/TOPAS-nBio provides a fast, accurate, and user-friendly tool for simulating DNA damage under low linear energy transfer irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, United States of America
| | - J A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
| | - N Domínguez-Kondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - J Milligan
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, United States of America
| | - V Štěpán
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Stefanová
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y Perrot
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie des Rayonnements Ionisants, Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, BP. 17, F-92262, France
| | - C Villagrasa
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie des Rayonnements Ionisants, Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, BP. 17, F-92262, France
| | - W-G Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - S Incerti
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - A McNamara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - H Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - J Perl
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - J Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - B Faddegon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Musat RM, Roujou JL, Dauvois V, Ferry M, Marchand C, Baldacchino G. New insight on the simultaneous H 2 and HNO 2 production in concentrated HNO 3 aqueous solutions under alpha radiation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12141-12152. [PMID: 35423782 PMCID: PMC8696651 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of hydrogen and nitrous acid yields (G(H2) and G(HNO2)) from α radiolysis of nitric acid solutions is of critical importance for the technological aspects of reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). This study provides critical information on the G values for external alpha irradiation of concentrated HNO3 solutions. An investigation-specifically developed experimental setup allows performing this investigation without encountering issues related to extreme high local doses. In situ monitoring of the UV-visible induced absorption in irradiated HNO3 solutions permitted quantification of HNO2 production, and mass spectrometry was used to quantify H2. The influence of the dose rate and HNO3 concentration was investigated, and the primary yields of these two species were determined. It was found that dose rate increase leads to diminished production of HNO2 and H2, while HNO3 concentration increase leads to increased HNO2 formation and reduced H2 production. The values of the primary yields of these two species were determined and compared to the literature reported values. While the determined values show similar trends as those reported, this study provides accurate radiolytic yields for H2 and HNO2 that are radioelement-independent compared to the α radiolysis using radioisotope/HNO3 mixtures and provides the basis for perfecting numerical codes used for simulating the radiolytic processes associated with SNF reprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca M Musat
- DES - Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucleides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jean-Luc Roujou
- DES - Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucleides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Vincent Dauvois
- DES - Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucleides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Muriel Ferry
- DES - Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucleides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Carole Marchand
- DES - Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucleides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li WB, Belchior A, Beuve M, Chen YZ, Di Maria S, Friedland W, Gervais B, Heide B, Hocine N, Ipatov A, Klapproth AP, Li CY, Li JL, Multhoff G, Poignant F, Qiu R, Rabus H, Rudek B, Schuemann J, Stangl S, Testa E, Villagrasa C, Xie WZ, Zhang YB. Intercomparison of dose enhancement ratio and secondary electron spectra for gold nanoparticles irradiated by X-rays calculated using multiple Monte Carlo simulation codes. Phys Med 2020; 69:147-163. [PMID: 31918367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted radiation therapy has seen an increased interest in the past decade. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed enhanced radiation doses due to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to tumors in mice and demonstrated a high potential for clinical application. However, finding a functionalized molecular formulation for actively targeting GNPs in tumor cells is challenging. Furthermore, the enhanced energy deposition by secondary electrons around GNPs, particularly by short-ranged Auger electrons is difficult to measure. Computational models, such as Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport codes, have been used to estimate the physical quantities and effects of GNPs. However, as these codes differ from one to another, the reliability of physical and dosimetric quantities needs to be established at cellular and molecular levels, so that the subsequent biological effects can be assessed quantitatively. METHODS In this work, irradiation of single GNPs of 50 nm and 100 nm diameter by X-ray spectra generated by 50 and 100 peak kilovoltages was simulated for a defined geometry setup, by applying multiple MC codes in the EURADOS framework. RESULTS The mean dose enhancement ratio of the first 10 nm-thick water shell around a 100 nm GNP ranges from 400 for 100 kVp X-rays to 600 for 50 kVp X-rays with large uncertainty factors up to 2.3. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the absolute dose enhancement effects have large uncertainties and need an inter-code intercomparison for a high quality assurance; relative properties may be a better measure until more experimental data is available to constrain the models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W B Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - A Belchior
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - M Beuve
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Z Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - W Friedland
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Gervais
- Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, UMR 6252, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - B Heide
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Hocine
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - A Ipatov
- Alferov Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education and Science Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A P Klapproth
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Y Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - J L Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - G Multhoff
- TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - F Poignant
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany; Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Schuemann
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Stangl
- TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Testa
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - W Z Xie
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y B Zhang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gregson CR, Horne GP, Orr RM, Pimblott SM, Sims HE, Taylor RJ, Webb KJ. Molecular Hydrogen Yields from the α-Self-Radiolysis of Nitric Acid Solutions Containing Plutonium or Americium. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2627-2634. [PMID: 29470073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The yield of molecular hydrogen, as a function of nitric acid concentration, from the α-radiolysis of aerated nitric acid and its mixtures with sulfuric acid containing plutonium or americium has been investigated. Comparison of experimental measurements with predictions of a Monte Carlo radiation track chemistry model shows that, in addition to scavenging of the hydrated electron, its precursor, and the hydrogen atom, the quenching of excited state water is important in controlling the yield of molecular hydrogen. In addition, increases in solution acidity cause a significant change in the track reactions, which can be explained as resulting from scavenging of eaq- by Haq+ to form H•. Although plutonium has been shown to be an effective scavenger of precursors of molecular hydrogen below 0.1 mol dm-3 nitrate, previously reported effects of plutonium on G(H2)α between 1 and 10 mol dm-3 nitric acid were not reproduced. Modeling results suggest that plutonium is unlikely to effectively compete with nitrate ions in scavenging the precursors of molecular hydrogen at higher nitric acid concentrations, and this was confirmed by comparing molecular hydrogen yields from plutonium solutions with those from americium solutions. Finally, comparison between radionuclide, ion accelerator experiments, and model predictions leads to the conclusion that the high dose rate of accelerator studies does not significantly affect the measured molecular hydrogen yield. These reactions provide insight into the important processes for liquors common in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and the storage of highly radioactive liquid waste prior to vitrification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Gregson
- Central Laboratory , National Nuclear Laboratory , Sellafield, Seascale , Cumbria CA20 1PG , U.K
| | - Gregory P Horne
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility , University of Manchester , Westlakes, Moor Row, Whitehaven CA24 3HA , U.K.,School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K.,Idaho National Laboratory , 1955 N. Fremont Ave. , Idaho Falls , Idaho 83415 , United States
| | - Robin M Orr
- Central Laboratory , National Nuclear Laboratory , Sellafield, Seascale , Cumbria CA20 1PG , U.K
| | - Simon M Pimblott
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K.,Idaho National Laboratory , 1955 N. Fremont Ave. , Idaho Falls , Idaho 83415 , United States
| | - Howard E Sims
- National Nuclear Laboratory , Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB , U.K
| | - Robin J Taylor
- Central Laboratory , National Nuclear Laboratory , Sellafield, Seascale , Cumbria CA20 1PG , U.K
| | - Kevin J Webb
- Central Laboratory , National Nuclear Laboratory , Sellafield, Seascale , Cumbria CA20 1PG , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Stuart CR, Causey P, Jay-Gerin JP. Self-radiolysis of tritiated water. 4. The scavenging effect of azide ions (N3−) on the molecular hydrogen yield in the radiolysis of water by 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-particles at room temperature. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2449-2458. [PMID: 35541471 PMCID: PMC9077374 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the azide ion N3− on the yield of molecular hydrogen in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (∼1 MeV Compton electrons) and tritium β-electrons (mean electron energy of ∼7.8 keV) at 25 °C is investigated using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations in conjunction with available experimental data. N3− is shown to interfere with the formation of H2 through its high reactivity towards hydrogen atoms and, but to a lesser extent, hydrated electrons, the two major radiolytic precursors of the H2 yield in the diffusing radiation tracks. Chemical changes are observed in the H2 scavengeability depending on the particular type of radiation considered. These changes can readily be explained on the basis of differences in the initial spatial distribution of primary radiolytic species (i.e., the structure of the electron tracks). In the “short-track” geometry of the higher “linear energy transfer” (LET) tritium β-electrons (mean LET ∼5.9 eV nm−1), radicals are formed locally in much higher initial concentration than in the isolated “spurs” of the energetic Compton electrons (LET ∼0.3 eV nm−1) generated by the cobalt-60 γ-rays. As a result, the short-track geometry favors radical–radical reactions involving hydrated electrons and hydrogen atoms, leading to a clear increase in the yield of H2 for tritium β-electrons compared to 60Co γ-rays. These changes in the scavengeability of H2 in passing from tritium β-radiolysis to γ-radiolysis are in good agreement with experimental data, lending strong support to the picture of tritium β-radiolysis mainly driven by the chemical action of short tracks of high local LET. At high N3− concentrations (>1 M), our H2 yield results for 60Co γ-radiolysis are also consistent with previous Monte Carlo simulations that suggested the necessity of including the capture of the precursors to the hydrated electrons (i.e., the short-lived “dry” electrons prior to hydration) by N3−. These processes tend to reduce significantly the yields of H2, as is observed experimentally. However, this dry electron scavenging at high azide concentrations is not seen in the higher-LET 3H β-radiolysis, leading us to conclude that the increased amount of intra-track chemistry intervening at early time under these conditions favors the recombination of these electrons with their parent water cations at the expense of their scavenging by N3−. The effect of the azide ion on the yield of molecular hydrogen in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons at 25 °C is investigated using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Craig R. Stuart
- Reactor Chemistry and Corrosion Branch
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
- Chalk River
- Canada
| | - Patrick Causey
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
- Chalk River
- Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Frankel A, Sharp D, Iaccarino G. Application of QMU to the design of a nuclear waste storage tank. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Costagliola A, Venault L, Deroche A, Vermeulen J, Duval F, Blain G, Vandenborre J, Fattahi-Vanani M, Vigier N. Influence of Nitric Acid on the Helium Ion Radiolysis of Aqueous Butanal Oxime Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5069-5078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Costagliola
- SUBATECH, UMR
6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 4, Rue Alfred Kastler, La chantrerie BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
- CEA,
Nuclear Energy Division, RadioChemistry and Process Department, Marcoule Center, 30207 Bagnols Sur Cèze, France
| | - L. Venault
- CEA,
Nuclear Energy Division, RadioChemistry and Process Department, Marcoule Center, 30207 Bagnols Sur Cèze, France
| | - A. Deroche
- CEA,
Nuclear Energy Division, RadioChemistry and Process Department, Marcoule Center, 30207 Bagnols Sur Cèze, France
| | - J. Vermeulen
- CEA,
Nuclear Energy Division, RadioChemistry and Process Department, Marcoule Center, 30207 Bagnols Sur Cèze, France
| | - F. Duval
- CEMHTI Site Cyclotron, CNRS, 3A rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cédex 2, France
| | - G. Blain
- SUBATECH, UMR
6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 4, Rue Alfred Kastler, La chantrerie BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - J. Vandenborre
- SUBATECH, UMR
6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 4, Rue Alfred Kastler, La chantrerie BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - M. Fattahi-Vanani
- SUBATECH, UMR
6457, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 4, Rue Alfred Kastler, La chantrerie BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - N. Vigier
- AREVA NC, BG aval/BO recyclage/RDP, Tour AREVA, 1 place Jean Milier, 92084 Paris La Défense Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Horne GP, Pimblott SM, LaVerne JA. Inhibition of Radiolytic Molecular Hydrogen Formation by Quenching of Excited State Water. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5385-5390. [PMID: 28492328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of experimental measurements of the yield of molecular hydrogen produced in the gamma radiolysis of water and aqueous nitrate solutions with predictions of a Monte Carlo track chemistry model shows that the nitrate anion scavenging of the hydrated electron, its precursor, and hydrogen atom cannot account for the observed decrease in the yield at high nitrate anion concentrations. Inclusion of the quenching of excited states of water (formed by either direct excitation or reaction of the water radical cation with the precursor to the hydrated electron) by the nitrate anion into the reaction scheme provides excellent agreement between the stochastic calculations and experiment demonstrating the existence of this short-lived species and its importance in water radiolysis. Energy transfer from the excited states of water to the nitrate anion producing an excited state provides an additional pathway for the production of nitrogen containing products not accounted for in traditional radiation chemistry scenarios. Such reactions are of central importance in predicting the behavior of liquors common in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and the storage of highly radioactive liquid waste prior to vitrification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Horne
- California State University at Long Beach , Long Beach, California 90804, United States.,Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Simon M Pimblott
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester , Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Cumbria CA24 3HA, U.K.,School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu TA. Improved Model for Hydrogen Generation Rate of Radioactive Waste at the Hanford Site. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt12-a13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Albert Hu
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, Nuclear Safety Division 2440 Stevens Center, P.O. Box 450, Richland, Washington 99352
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cunha M, Testa E, Komova OV, Nasonova EA, Mel'nikova LA, Shmakova NL, Beuve M. Modeling cell response to low doses of photon irradiation--Part 1: on the origin of fluctuations. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:19-30. [PMID: 26590033 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intra- and inter-individual variability is a well-known aspect of biological responses of cells observed at low doses of radiation, whichever the phenomenon considered (adaptive response, bystander effects, genomic instability, etc.). There is growing evidence that low-dose phenomena are related to cell mechanisms other than DNA damage and misrepair, meaning that other cellular structures may play a crucial role. Therefore, in this study, a series of calculations at low doses was carried out to study the distribution of specific energies from different irradiation doses (3, 10 and 30 cGy) in targets of different sizes (0.1, 1 and 10 μm) corresponding to the dimensions of different cell structures. The results obtained show a strong dependence of the probability distributions of specific energies on the target size: targets with dimensions comparable to those of the cell show a Gaussian-like distribution, whereas very small targets are very likely to not be hit. A statistical analysis showed that the level of fluctuations in the fraction of aberrant cells is only related to the fraction of aberrant cells and the number of irradiated cells, regardless of, for instance, the heterogeneity in cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Cunha
- Université de Lyon, 69622, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Etienne Testa
- Université de Lyon, 69622, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olga V Komova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Elena A Nasonova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Larisa A Mel'nikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nina L Shmakova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Michaël Beuve
- Université de Lyon, 69622, Lyon, France.
- Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
- CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sterniczuk M, Bartels DM. Source of Molecular Hydrogen in High-Temperature Water Radiolysis. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:200-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sterniczuk
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David M. Bartels
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reiff SC, LaVerne JA. Radiation-Induced Chemical Changes to Iron Oxides. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7358-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510943j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Reiff
- Radiation Laboratory and
Department of Physics University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jay A. LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and
Department of Physics University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meesungnoen J, Sanguanmith S, Jay-Gerin JP. Yields of H2 and hydrated electrons in low-LET radiolysis of water determined by Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations using phenol/N2O aqueous solutions up to 350 °C. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the yields of H2 and hydrated electrons in the low linear energy transfer radiolysis of water has been modeled by Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations using phenol/N2O aqueous solutions from 25 up to 350 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanike V, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Acid spike effect in spurs/tracks of the low/high linear energy transfer radiolysis of water: potential implications for radiobiology. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations have been used to calculate the yields of hydronium ions that are formed within spurs/tracks of the low/high linear energy transfer radiolysis of pure, deaerated water during and shortly after irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanaja Kanike
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yamashita S, Iwamatsu K, Maehashi Y, Taguchi M, Hata K, Muroya Y, Katsumura Y. Sequential radiation chemical reactions in aqueous bromide solutions: pulse radiolysis experiment and spur model simulation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse radiolysis experiments were carried out to observe transient absorptions of reaction intermediates produced in N2O- and Ar-saturated aqueous solutions containing 0.9–900 mM NaBr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yamashita
- Nuclear Professional School
- School of Engineering
- the University of Tokyo
- Tokai-mura, Naka-gun
- Japan
| | - K. Iwamatsu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management
- School of Engineering
- the University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Y. Maehashi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management
- School of Engineering
- the University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - M. Taguchi
- Quantum Beam Science Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Takasaki
- Japan
| | - K. Hata
- Nuclear Safety Research Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Tokai-mura, Naka-gun
- Japan
| | - Y. Muroya
- Department of Beam Materials Science
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Y. Katsumura
- Nuclear Professional School
- School of Engineering
- the University of Tokyo
- Tokai-mura, Naka-gun
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gordeev AV, Ershov BG, Safonov AV. Simulation of the radiation-chemical yields of hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide in concentrated solutions. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143914040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by γ-ray irradiation in mixture of aqueous solution and Y-type zeolite. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
25
|
Fourdrin C, Aarrachi H, Latrille C, Esnouf S, Bergaya F, Le Caër S. Water radiolysis in exchanged-montmorillonites: the H2 production mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9530-7. [PMID: 23875719 DOI: 10.1021/es401490t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The radiolysis of water confined in montmorillonites is studied as a function of the composition of the montmorillonite, the nature of the exchangeable cation, and the relative humidity by following the H2 production under electron irradiation. It is shown that the main factor influencing this H2 production is the water amount in the interlayer space. The effect of the exchangeable cation is linked to its hydration enthalpy. When the water amount is high enough to get a basal distance higher than 1.3 nm, then a total energy transfer from the montmorillonite sheets to the interlayer space occurs, and the H2 production measured is very similar to the one obtained in bulk water. For a basal distance smaller than 1.3 nm, the H2 production increases with the relative humidity and thus with the water amount. Lastly, electron paramagnetic resonance measurements evidence the formation of a new defect induced by ionizing radiation. It consists of a hydrogen radical (H2 precursor) trapped in the structure. This implies that structural hydroxyl bonds can be broken under irradiation, potentially accounting for the observed H2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Fourdrin
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, UMR 7642, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee G, Park J, Harvey OR. Reduction of Chromium(VI) mediated by zero-valent magnesium under neutral pH conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1136-1146. [PMID: 23253471 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to assess the potential use of ZVMg in contaminant treatments, we examined Cr(VI) reduction mediated by ZVMg particles under neutral pH conditions. The reduction of Cr(VI) was tested with batch experiments by varying [Cr(VI)](0) (4.9, 9.6, 49.9 or 96.9 μM) in the presence of 50 mg/L ZVMg particles ([Mg(0)](0) = 2.06 mM) at pH 7 buffered with 50 mM Na-MOPS. When [Cr(VI)](0) = 4.9 or 9.6 μM, Cr(VI) was completely reduced within 60 min. At higher [Cr(VI)](0) (49.9 or 96.9 μM), by contrast, the reduction became retarded at >120 min likely due to rapid ZVMg dissolution in water and surface precipitation of Cr(III) on ZVMg particles. Surface precipitation was observed only when [Cr(VI)](0) = 49.9 or 96.9 μM and increased with increasing [Cr(VI)](0). The effect of dissolved oxygen was negligible on the rate and extent of Cr(VI) reduction. Experimental results indicated that Cr(VI) was reduced not directly by ZVMg but by reactive intermediates produced from ZVMg-water reaction under the experimental conditions employed in this study. In addition, the observed rates of Cr(VI) reduction appeared to follow an order below unity (0.19) with respect to [Cr(VI)](0). These results imply that ZVMg-mediated Cr(VI) reduction likely occurred via an alternative mechanism to the direct surface-mediated reduction typically observed for other zero-valent metals. Rapid and complete Cr(VI) reduction was achieved when a mass ratio of [ZVMg](0):[Cr(VI)](0) ≥ 100 at neutral pH under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Our results highlights the potential for ZVMg to be used in Cr(VI) treatments especially under neutral pH conditions in the presence of dissolved oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giehyeon Lee
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Jonsson M. Radiation Effects on Materials Used in Geological Repositories for Spent Nuclear Fuel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/639520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Safe long-term storage of radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is one of the main concerns for the nuclear industry as well as for governments in countries relying on electricity produced by nuclear power. A repository for spent nuclear fuel must be safe for extremely long time periods (at least 100 000 years). In order to ascertain the long-term safety of a repository, extensive safety analysis must be performed. One of the critical issues in a safety analysis is the long-term integrity of the barrier materials used in the repository. Ionizing radiation from the spent nuclear constitutes one of the many parameters that need to be accounted for. In this paper, the effects of ionizing radiation on the integrity of different materials used in a granitic deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel designed according to the Swedish KBS-3 model are discussed. The discussion is primarily focused on radiation-induced processes at the interface between groundwater and solid materials. The materials that are discussed are the spent nuclear fuel (based on UO2), the copper-covered iron canister, and bentonite clay. The latter two constitute the engineered barriers of the repository.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Jonsson
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alizadeh E, Sanche L. Precursors of solvated electrons in radiobiological physics and chemistry. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5578-602. [PMID: 22724633 DOI: 10.1021/cr300063r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Alizadeh
- Groupe en Sciences des Radiations, Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation. WATER 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/w3010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Atinault E, De Waele V, Fattahi M, LaVerne JA, Pimblott SM, Mostafavi M. Aqueous solution of UCl6(2-) in O2 saturated acidic medium: an efficient system to scavenge all primary radicals in spurs produced by irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:949-51. [PMID: 19159206 DOI: 10.1021/jp810579x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Absorbance measurements find the yield of the oxidation of U(IV) to be (8.75 +/- 0.05) x 10(-7) mol J(-1) in the (60)Co gamma radiolysis of aqueous solutions containing 4.4 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) U(IV) in the presence of O(2) saturated 2 mol L(-1) Cl(-) at pH = 0. This high value of oxidation yield suggests that all primary radicals formed by water decomposition are scavenged in these solutions. Simulations using a nonhomogeneous stochastic kinetic track model agree with the experimental results and are used to explain the mechanism for scavenging radicals and oxidation of U(IV).
Collapse
|
33
|
Enomoto K, LaVerne JA. Reactions of Hydrated Electrons with Pyridinium Salts in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12430-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8074332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Enomoto
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Jay A. LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Joseph JM, Seon Choi B, Yakabuskie P, Clara Wren J. A combined experimental and model analysis on the effect of pH and O2(aq) on γ-radiolytically produced H2 and H2O2. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Carrasco-Flores EA, LaVerne JA. Surface species produced in the radiolysis of zirconia nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2008; 127:234703. [PMID: 18154405 DOI: 10.1063/1.2806164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications to water-zirconia nanoparticle interfaces induced by gamma irradiation have been examined using diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), Raman scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Spectroscopy with in situ heating was used to probe variations in the dissociatively bound chemisorbed water on the zirconia nanoparticles following evaporation of the physisorbed water. DRIFT spectra show that the bridged Zr-OH-Zr species decreases relative to the terminal Zr-OH species upon irradiation. No variation is observed with Raman scattering, indicating that the zirconia morphology is unchanged. EPR measurements suggest the possible formation of the superoxide ion, presumably by modification of the surface OH groups. Trapped electrons and interstitial H atoms are also observed by EPR.
Collapse
|
37
|
LaVerne JA, Carrasco-Flores EA, Araos MS, Pimblott SM. Gas Production in the Radiolysis of Poly(vinyl chloride). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3345-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and School of Chemistry, Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Eduardo A. Carrasco-Flores
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and School of Chemistry, Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - M. S. Araos
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and School of Chemistry, Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon M. Pimblott
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and School of Chemistry, Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chipman DM. Dissociative electron attachment to the hydrogen-bound OH in water dimer through the lowest anionic Feshbach resonance. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:194309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2804868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
39
|
LaVerne JA, Enomoto K, Araos M. Radical yields in the radiolysis of cyclic compounds. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
Mesu JG, Beale AM, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. Probing the Influence of X-rays on Aqueous Copper Solutions Using Time-Resolved in Situ Combined Video/X-ray Absorption Near-Edge/Ultraviolet−Visible Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:17671-7. [PMID: 16942113 DOI: 10.1021/jp062618m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved in situ video monitoring and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in combination with X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) have been used for the first time in a combined manner to study the effect of synchrotron radiation on a series of homogeneous aqueous copper solutions in a microreactor. This series included both non biologically relevant (pyridine, bipyridine, neocuproine, terpyridine, dimethylpyridine, ammonia, ethylenediamine, and 1,10-phenanthroline) and biologically relevant (histidine, glycine, and imidazole) ligands. It was found that when water is present as solvent, gas bubbles are formed under the influence of the X-ray beam. At the liquid-gas interface of these bubbles, in particular cases colloidal copper nanoparticles are formed. This reduction process was found to be influenced by the type of copper precursor salt (SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), and Cl(-)), the ligands surrounding the copper cation, and the redox potential of the copper complexes (ranging between +594 and -360 mV). In other words, in some cases, no reduction was encountered (e.g., ammonia in the presence of SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-)), whereas in other cases reduction to either Cu(+) (neocuproine with SO(4)(2-)) or Cu(0) (e.g., histidine and imidazole both with SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), and Cl(-)) was observed. These results illustrate the added value of video spectroscopy for the interpretation of in situ XANES studies. Not only do the results give an illustration of the parameters that are important in the redox processes that occur in biological systems, they also show the potential problems associated with studying catalytic processes in aqueous solutions by XANES spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gerbrand Mesu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Numerical simulation of multiple ionization and high LET effects in liquid water radiolysis. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
42
|
Enomoto K, Laverne JA, Pimblott SM. Products of the Triplet Excited State Produced in the Radiolysis of Liquid Benzene. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4124-30. [PMID: 16539438 DOI: 10.1021/jp057153z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The radiation chemical yields of the products derived from the triplet excited state produced in the radiolysis of liquid benzene with gamma-rays, 10 MeV 4He ions, and 10 MeV 12C ions have been determined. Iodine scavenging techniques have been used to examine the formation and role of radicals, especially the H atom and phenyl radical. For all irradiation types examined here, the increase in hydrogen iodide yields with increasing iodine concentration matches the increase in iodobenzene yields. This agreement suggests that the benzene triplet excited state is the common precursor for the H atom and the phenyl radical. Pulse radiolysis studies in liquid benzene have determined the rate coefficients for the reactions of phenyl radicals with iodine and with the solvent benzene to be 9.3 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) and 3.1 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. Direct measurements of polymer formation, which refers to trimers (C18) and higher order compounds (>C18), in liquid benzene radiolysis using gamma-rays, 4He ions, and 12C ions at relatively high doses have been performed using gel permeation chromatography. The yields of trimers increase from gamma-rays to 12C ions due to the increased importance of intratrack radical-radical reactions that can be scavenged by the radical scavenging reactions of iodine. On the other hand, the >C18 product yields decrease from gamma-rays to 12C ions. The structure of the polymer consists of a partly saturated ring as determined by infrared and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry studies. A schematic representation for the radiolytic decomposition of the benzene triplet excited state is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Enomoto
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Merga G, Milosavljevic BH, Meisel D. Radiolytic Hydrogen Yields in Aqueous Suspensions of Gold Particles. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:5403-8. [PMID: 16539475 DOI: 10.1021/jp057231i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high concentrations of large gold particles, in the hundreds of nanometer size regime, on the yields of molecular hydrogen, G(H(2)), produced in the radiolysis of several aqueous solutions was determined. In particular we look for direct effect of radiation absorbed by the solid particles on the yield of water products. These particles, however, are catalytically active in the conversion of reducing radicals to molecular hydrogen as well. A very small increase in G(H(2)) observed in bromide solutions upon addition of 50 wt % of gold particles indicates that the radiolysis of the solid particles does not affect the yields in the aqueous phase. Very little exchange of charge carriers or energy between the two phases occurs in these large particle suspensions. On the other hand, efficient catalytic conversion of (CH(3))(2)C(*)OH radicals to H(2) is shown to occur. The efficiency of the presently studied suspensions in the redox-catalytic process is similar to that of suspensions of small particles of similar total surface area. In the presence of radicals from hydrogen atom abstraction from tert-butyl alcohol the yield decreases significantly, again similar to the behavior in suspensions of small particles. We conclude that the redox catalysis does not depend on the size of the particles when their size exceeds a few nanometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Merga
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Swiatla-Wojcik D, Buxton GV. On the possible role of the reaction in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Rotureau P, Renault JP, Lebeau B, Patarin J, Mialocq JC. Radiolysis of Confined Water: Molecular Hydrogen Formation. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:1316-23. [PMID: 15968699 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of molecular hydrogen in the radiolysis of water confined in nanoscale pores of well-characterised porous silica glasses and mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41) is examined. The comparison of dihydrogen formation by irradiation of both materials, dry and hydrated, shows that a large part of the H2 comes from the surface of the material. The radiolytic yields, G(H2)=(3+/-0.5)x10(-7) mol J(-1), calculated using the total energy deposited in the material and the water, are only slightly affected by the degree of hydration of the material and by the pore size. These yields are also not modified by the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers. This observation proves that the back reaction between H2 and HO(.) is inoperative in such confined environments. Furthermore, the large amount of H2 produced in the presence of different concentrated scavengers of the hydrated electron and its precursor suggests that these two species are far from being the only species responsible for the H2 formation. Our results show that the radiolytic phenomena that occur in water confined in nanoporous silica are dramatically different to those in bulk water, suggesting the need to investigate further the chemical reactivity in this type of environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Rotureau
- CEA/Saclay, DSM/DRECAM/SCM/URA 331 CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. High-LET Radiolysis of Liquid Water with 1H+, 4He2+, 12C6+, and 20Ne9+ Ions: Effects of Multiple Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6406-19. [PMID: 16833985 DOI: 10.1021/jp058037z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the effects of multiple ionization of water molecules on the yields of formation of free radical and molecular species, including molecular oxygen, in the radiolysis of pure, deaerated liquid water by using different types of radiation (1H+, 4He2+, 12C6+, and 20Ne9+ ions) up to approximately 900 keV/microm, at neutral pH and 25 degrees C. Taking into account the double, triple, and quadruple ionizations of water, the primary (or "escape") yields (at 10(-6) s) of the various radiolytic species (G(e(aq)-), G(H*), G(H2), G(*OH), G(HO2*/O2*-), and G(H2O2) are calculated as a function of the linear energy transfer (LET) of the radiation. Our results quantitatively reproduce the large increase observed in G(HO2*/O2*-) at high LET. Under the conditions of this study, the mechanisms of triple and quadruple ionizations contribute only weakly to the production of HO2*/O2*-. With the exception of protons, our calculations also simultaneously predict a maximum in G(H2O2) corresponding to the LET of approximately 4.5-MeV helium ions (approximately 100 keV/microm) and approximately 110-MeV carbon ions (approximately 180 keV/microm). This maximum occurs where G(HO2*/O2*-) begins to rise sharply, suggesting, in agreement with previous experimental data, that the yields of HO2*/O2*- and H2O2 are closely linked. Moreover, our results show a steep increase in the initial and primary yields of molecular oxygen with increasing LET, giving support to the "oxygen in heavy-ion tracks" hypothesis. By contrast, it is found that, in the whole LET range considered, the incorporation of multiple ionization in the simulations has only little effect on the variation of our computed G(e(aq)-), G(H*), G(H2), and G(*OH) values as a function of LET. As expected, G(e(aq)-) and G(*OH) decrease continuously with increasing LET. G(H*) at first increases and then decreases at high LET. Finally, G(H2) monotonically rises with increasing LET. Our calculated yield values compare generally very well with experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke (Québec) J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kirkpatrick MJ, Locke BR. Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in Aqueous Phase Pulsed Corona Electrical Discharge. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie048807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU−FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Bruce R. Locke
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU−FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The formation of H(2) in the radiolysis of liquid water containing nanometer sized ZrO(2) particles was found to be dependent on the crystalline structure of the particle. Zirconia particles of a few tens of nanometer diameter may be formed with the tetragonal crystalline structure at room-temperature rather than the more stable monoclinic form for bulk zirconia. Radiolysis of liquid water containing tetragonal ZrO(2) particles exhibits a significant increase in the decomposition of water to H(2) compared to the monoclinic form. Annealing the tetragonal particles to the monoclinic structure results in the loss of excess H(2) production above that found with water alone. The results show that surface morphology is extremely important in the decomposition of liquids at solid interfaces, which may have many consequences ranging from nuclear waste storage to the H(2) economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
LaVerne JA, Tandon L. H2 and Cl2 Production in the Radiolysis of Calcium and Magnesium Chlorides and Hydroxides. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2861-5. [PMID: 16833602 DOI: 10.1021/jp044166o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The production of H2 has been examined in the gamma-ray and 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of CaCl2.2H2O, CaCl2.6H2O, Ca(OH)2, MgCl2.2H2O, MgCl2.6H2O, and Mg(OH)2. The highest yield for the formation of H2 is observed in the gamma-radiolysis of MgCl2.2H2O (0.72 molecule/(100 eV), 75 nmol/J), but the yield decreases with dose due to the relative instability of the dihydrate. The H2 yields with the other compounds range from 0.04 to 0.2 molecule/(100 eV) (4.2-21 nmol/J), which is lower than that from pure water or 2 M chloride solutions. There appears to be no relationship between the results for H2 from waters of hydration with that from aqueous salt brines. No particular trend is observed in the radiation chemical yields of H2 with respect to the cation or the degree of hydration. The production of Cl2 is found only in the gamma-radiolysis of CaCl2 with a few weight percent of excess water. No Cl2 was found in the 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of identical systems. None of the other compounds examined here showed detectable amounts of Cl2 formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Products of the reactions of the dry and aqueous electron with hydrated DNA: hydrogen and 5,6-dihydropyrimidines. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|