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Radney JG, Zangmeister CD. Comparing Aerosol Refractive Indices Retrieved from Full Distribution and Size- and Mass-Selected Measurements. JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER 2018; 220:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.08.021. [PMID: 30983630 PMCID: PMC6459413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index retrievals (also termed inverse Mie methods or optical closure) have seen considerable use as a method to extract the refractive index of aerosol particles from measured optical properties. Retrievals of an aerosol refractive index use one of two primary methods: 1) measurements of the extinction, absorption and/or scattering cross-sections or efficiencies of size- (and mass-) selected particles for mass-mobility refractive index retrievals (MM-RIR) or 2) measurements of aerosol size distributions and a combination of the extinction, absorption and/or scattering coefficients for full distribution refractive index retrievals (FD-RIR). These two methods were compared in this study using pure and mixtures of ammonium sulfate (AS) and nigrosin aerosol, which constitute a non-absorbing and absorbing material, respectively. The results indicate that the retrieved complex refractive index values are correlated to the amount of nigrosin in the aerosol but can be highly variable with differences in the real and imaginary components that range between -0.002 and 0.216 and -0.013 and 0.086; the average and standard deviation of the differences are 0.046 ± 0.046 and 0.023 ± 0.033, respectively. Forward calculation of the optical properties yielded average absolute values of the relative deviation of ≈ 15 % and ≈ 26 % for FD-RIR data using the MM-RIR values and contrariwise. The range of retrieved refractive indices were used to calculate the normalized global average aerosol radiative forcing of a model accumulation mode remote continental aerosol. Deviations using the refractive indices of the pure materials range from 9 % to 32 % for AS and 27 % to 45 % for nigrosin. For mixtures of nigrosin and AS, deviations were all > 100 % and not always able to capture the correct direction of the forcing; i.e., positive versus negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Radney
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
| | - Christopher D. Zangmeister
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
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2
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Heine N, Asmis KR. Cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded clusters relevant to atmospheric chemistry. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2014.979659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Zeng G, Kelley J, Kish JD, Liu Y. Temperature-dependent deliquescent and efflorescent properties of methanesulfonate sodium studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:583-91. [PMID: 24387240 DOI: 10.1021/jp405896y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modeling of aerosols and cloud formation processes in the marine boundary layer (MBL) require extensive data on hygroscopic properties of relevant methanesulfonate particles, which are currently scarce. In this work, methanesulfonate sodium (CH3SO3Na, MSA-Na), the most abundant methanesulfonate salt, was selected, and its deliquescent and efflorescent properties at temperatures relevant to the lower troposphere were studied using an ATR-FTIR flow system. To validate the approach, we investigated hygroscopic properties of NaCl particles, and our measured deliquescent relative humidity (DRH) and efflorescent relative humidity (ERH) of the NaCl particles obtained from the changes in integrated absorbance of water peaks in infrared spectra agreed with literature data well. We then reported DRH and ERH of MSA-Na particles as a function of temperature for the first time using both the changes in integrated absorbance of water peaks and the changes in peak position and shape of CH3SO3(-) symmetric and asymmetric vibrational modes. Our experiments showed that MSA-Na particles present quite different temperature-dependent hygroscopic behaviors from NaCl. Both the DRH and ERH of MSA-Na particles increase with decreasing temperatures. Due to the significant differences in temperature-dependent DRH and ERH, NaCl particles, if processed in MBL by methanesulfonic acid, are expected to deliquesce slightly earlier during a hydration process but effloresce at a much earlier stage during a dehydration process, especially at lower temperatures. This could considerably influence phase, size, and water content of sea salt aerosols and consequently their reactivity, lifetime, and impacts on atmospheric chemistry and climate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
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4
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Yu JJ, Zhang YH, Li ZS. Intermolecular Vibration Coupling between Libration of Water and ν2-SOH for Clusters HSO4–(H2O)n. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12597-604. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yu
- The Institute for Chemical Physics,
School of Science, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of
Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- The Institute for Chemical Physics,
School of Science, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of
Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- The Institute for Chemical Physics,
School of Science, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of
Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary
Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Yu JY, Zhang Y, Tan SH, Liu Y, Zhang YH. Observation on the Ion Association Equilibria in NaNO3 Droplets Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12581-9. [PMID: 23003561 DOI: 10.1021/jp306367v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Yu
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science,
School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science,
School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - See-Hua Tan
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science,
School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado—Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United
States
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science,
School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Orr BJ. Spectroscopy and energetics of the acetylene molecule: dynamical complexity alongside structural simplicity. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350600892577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Orr
- a Department of Physics and Centre for Lasers and Applications , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
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7
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Sigurbjörnsson ÓF, Firanescu G, Signorell R. Intrinsic Particle Properties from Vibrational Spectra of Aerosols. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2009; 60:127-46. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.040808.090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy of aerosols is developing into an active and important field. It allows us to characterize aerosols in a nonintrusive way, in real time, and on site. Understanding the spectroscopic features of these highly complex systems requires the development of novel experimental as well as theoretical methods. This review focuses on infrared extinction spectra. The main goal is to summarize how information about intrinsic particle properties (such as size, shape, and architecture) can be gathered from observed spectroscopic patterns. We discuss the limitations of standard continuum approaches, which have been used for decades to analyze infrared spectra, and we demonstrate the importance of molecular models for the analysis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Firanescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
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8
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McGinty SM, Kapala MK, Niedziela RF. Mid-infrared complex refractive indices for oleic acid and optical properties of model oleic acid/water aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7998-8004. [DOI: 10.1039/b905371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Wagner R, Benz S, Bunz H, Möhler O, Saathoff H, Schnaiter M, Leisner T, Ebert V. Infrared Optical Constants of Highly Diluted Sulfuric Acid Solution Droplets at Cirrus Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11661-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8066102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Benz
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helmut Bunz
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Schnaiter
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volker Ebert
- University of Heidelberg, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Firanescu G, Luckhaus D, Signorell R. Phase, shape, and architecture of SF6 and SF6∕CO2 aerosol particles: Infrared spectra and modeling of vibrational excitons. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:184301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2913535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Firanescu G, Hermsdorf D, Ueberschaer R, Signorell R. Large molecular aggregates: From atmospheric aerosols to drug nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4149-65. [PMID: 16971983 DOI: 10.1039/b608433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large molecular aggregates with sizes ranging from subnanometers to microns are ubiquitous. As atmospheric aerosols they influence our climate, in interstellar space they are discussed as reactive sites, and in medicine small particles are considered as promising candidates to achieve a targeted drug delivery. The present contribution is focused on the characterization of the physical-chemical properties of these particles and on their targeted generation. One of the greatest challenges is to understand the properties of these aggregates on a molecular level. The latter point is discussed in detail focussing on the vibrational dynamics of these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firanescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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12
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Kim Y, Choi W, Lee KM, Park JH, Massie ST, Sasano Y, Nakajima H, Yokota T. Polar stratospheric clouds observed by the ILAS-II in the Antarctic region: Dual compositions and variation of compositions during June to August of 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Roger E. Miller: Publications. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350600709243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Signorell R, Jetzki M, Kunzmann M, Ueberschaer R. Unraveling the Origin of Band Shapes in Infrared Spectra of N2O−12CO2 and 12CO2−13CO2 Ice Particles. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:2890-7. [PMID: 16509610 DOI: 10.1021/jp053021u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Band structures in the region of strong infrared absorption bands for different N2O-12CO2 and 12CO2-13CO2 composite particles are investigated by combining quantum mechanical exciton calculations with systematic experimental investigations. The ice particles are generated by collisional cooling and characterized with rapid-scan infrared spectroscopy. The size of the particles lies between approximately 10 and 100 nm. The calculated spectra show excellent agreement with the experimental data. This work leads to a detailed understanding on a molecular level of shape effects in pure and statistically mixed particles as well as of the characteristic features observed for core-shell particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Signorell
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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15
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Wagner R, Naumann KH, Mangold A, Möhler O, Saathoff H, Schurath U. Aerosol Chamber Study of Optical Constants and N2O5 Uptake on Supercooled H2SO4/H2O/HNO3 Solution Droplets at Polar Stratospheric Cloud Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8140-8. [PMID: 16834200 DOI: 10.1021/jp0513364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the formation of supercooled ternary H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O/HNO(3) solution (STS) droplets in the polar winter stratosphere, i.e., the uptake of nitric acid and water onto background sulfate aerosols at T < 195 K, was successfully mimicked during a simulation experiment at the large coolable aerosol chamber AIDA of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Supercooled sulfuric acid droplets, acting as background aerosol, were added to the cooled AIDA vessel at T = 193.6 K, followed by the addition of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. N(2)O(5), the product of the gas phase reaction between O(3) and NO(2), was then hydrolyzed in the liquid phase with an uptake coefficient gamma(N(2)O(5)). From this experiment, a series of FTIR extinction spectra of STS droplets was obtained, covering a broad range of different STS compositions. This infrared spectra sequence was used for a quantitative test of the accuracy of published infrared optical constants for STS aerosols, needed, for example, as input in remote sensing applications. The present findings indicate that the implementation of a mixing rule approach, i.e., calculating the refractive indices of ternary H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O/HNO(3) solution droplets based on accurate reference data sets for the two binary H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O and HNO(3)/H(2)O systems, is justified. Additional model calculations revealed that the uptake coefficient gamma(N(2)O(5)) on STS aerosols strongly decreases with increasing nitrate concentration in the particles, demonstrating that this so-called nitrate effect, already well-established from uptake experiments conducted at room temperature, is also dominant at stratospheric temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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16
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Oshchepkov S, Sasano Y, Yokota T, Uemura N, Matsuda H, Itou Y, Nakajima H. Simultaneous stratospheric gas and aerosol retrievals from broadband infrared occultation measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:4775-84. [PMID: 16075890 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.004775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The inversion method for simultaneous gas (O3, NO2, HNO3, N2O, CH4, H2O, CFC-11, CFC-12, N2O5, and ClONO2) and aerosol retrievals from broadband continuous IR spectra of occultation measurements is described. Both gas and aerosol physical modeling with consideration of the multicomponent character of aerosol and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are used to minimize the difference between measured and modeled transmittance spectra under smoothness constraints imposed on particle-size distributions for each PSC component and positive constraints on all gas and aerosol parameters. The method is tested by numerical simulations in which synthetic occultation measurements inherent to the improved limb atmospheric spectrometer are used. The study reveals that the method has significant advantages over other approaches based on offset or gas-window-channel aerosol correction for accurate gas retrievals and provides additional information on the particle-size composition, volume density, and chemical component character of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Oshchepkov
- Environmental System Business Division, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Time 24 Building, 2-45, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8686, Japan.
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17
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Wagner R, Benz S, Möhler O, Saathoff H, Schnaiter M, Schurath U. Mid-infrared Extinction Spectra and Optical Constants of Supercooled Water Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7099-112. [PMID: 16834073 DOI: 10.1021/jp051942z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Complex refractive indices of supercooled liquid water have been retrieved at 269, 258, 252, and 238 K in the 4500-1100 cm(-1) wavenumber regime from series of infrared extinction spectra of micron-sized water droplets. The spectra collection was recorded during expansion experiments in the large coolable aerosol chamber AIDA of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. A Mie inversion technique was applied to derive the low-temperature refractive index data sets by iteratively adjusting the room-temperature optical constants of liquid water until obtaining the best agreement between measured and calculated infrared spectra of the supercooled water droplets. The new optical constants, revealing significant temperature-induced spectral variations in comparison with the room-temperature refractive indices, proved to be in good agreement with data sets obtained in a recent study. A detailed analysis was performed to elaborate potential inaccuracies in the retrieval results when deriving optical constants from particle extinction spectra using an iterative procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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18
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Lund Myhre CE, Grothe H, Gola AA, Nielsen CJ. Optical Constants of HNO3/H2O and H2SO4/HNO3/H2O at Low Temperatures in the Infrared Region. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7166-71. [PMID: 16834080 DOI: 10.1021/jp0508406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex index of refraction of liquid HNO3/H2O and H2SO4/HNO3/H2O has been obtained at different temperatures and acid concentrations. FT-IR specular reflectance spectra were obtained for 30, 54, and 64 wt % aqueous HNO3 and for four different H2SO4/HNO3/H2O mixtures in the temperature region from 293 to 183 K. The complex index of refraction was obtained from the reflectance spectra with the Kramers-Kronig transformation. The optical constants of the binary and ternary mixtures vary with the acid concentration and the temperature. The results demonstrate that vibrational bands originating from the sulfate species are more sensitive to changes in temperature than the bands originating from vibrations in the nitrate species; only minor changes in the nitrate vibrational bands are observed as the temperature decreases below 248 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lund Myhre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Thomas GE, Bass SF, Grainger RG, Lambert A. Retrieval of aerosol refractive index from extinction spectra with a damped harmonic-oscillator band model. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:1332-1341. [PMID: 15765714 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the retrieval of the spectral refractive indices of micrometer-sized particles from infrared aerosol extinction spectra has been developed. With this method we use a classical damped harmonic-oscillator model of molecular absorption in conjunction with Mie scattering to model extinction spectra, which we then fit to the measurements using a numerical optimal estimation algorithm. The main advantage of this method over the more traditional Kramers-Kronig approach is that it allows the full complex refractive-index spectra, along with the parameters of the particle size distribution, to be retrieved from a single extinction spectrum. The retrieval scheme has been extensively characterized and has been found to provide refractive indices with a maximum uncertainty of approximately 10% (with a minimum of approximately 0.1%). Comparison of refractive indices calculated from measurements of a ternary solution of HNO3, H2SO4, and H2O with those published in J. Phys. Chem. A 104, 783 (2000) show similar differences as found by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth E Thomas
- Sub-Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
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20
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Bauerecker S. Self-diffusion in core-shell composite 12CO2/13CO2 nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:033404. [PMID: 15698265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.033404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for the generation of multilayered molecular nanoparticles is presented. Core-shell composite nanoparticles of CO(2) with varied composition have been investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy over 600 s at 78 K. The isotopically different zones of the particles turned out to have completely different spectra in the nu(3) region: a tub structure (mantle) and a head-and-shoulders structure (core). From the aggregation behavior of both components the particle formation time was found to be 0.1 s. Low-temperature self-diffusion of airborne molecular nanoparticles has been monitored for the first time. The self-diffusion coefficient for (12)CO(2)/(13)CO2 nanocomposites at 78 K was determined from the time evolution of the nu(1) + nu(3) combination band to about 7 x 10(-20) m(2)/s. The work represents a major advance toward nanoengineering of molecular nanoparticles at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Bauerecker
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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21
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Dohm MT, Potscavage AM, Niedziela RF. Infrared Optical Constants for Carvone from the Mie Inversion of Aerosol Extinction Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0365559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Dohm
- Department of Chemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614-3251
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22
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23
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Kunzmann MK, Bauerecker S, Suhm MA, Signorell R. Spectroscopic characterization of N(2)O aggregates: from clusters to the particulate state. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:2855-2865. [PMID: 14499845 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(03)00084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Collisional cooling is used to generate N(2)O particles with radii ranging from the subnanometer to the submicrometer region. The vibrational dynamics of the aggregates is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the region of the stretching fundamentals and combination bands, the infrared spectra of the particles exhibit characteristic size-dependent features. For the very small particles, the results obtained from collisional cooling are compared for the first time with corresponding results from supersonic jet expansions. It turns out that with both methods very similar clusters are generated. A pronounced temperature dependence of a combination band maximum in the collisional cooling cell spectra is found. This correlation is exploited to estimate cluster temperatures in supersonic jet spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kunzmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Lund Myhre CE, Christensen DH, Nicolaisen FM, Nielsen CJ. Spectroscopic Study of Aqueous H2SO4 at Different Temperatures and Compositions: Variations in Dissociation and Optical Properties. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026576n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine E. Lund Myhre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0372 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Kemisk Lab. V, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 København, Denmark
| | - Daniel H. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0372 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Kemisk Lab. V, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 København, Denmark
| | - Flemming M. Nicolaisen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0372 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Kemisk Lab. V, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 København, Denmark
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0372 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Kemisk Lab. V, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 København, Denmark
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25
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Oshchepkov S, Sasano Y, Yokota T. New method for simultaneous gas and aerosol retrievals from space limb-scanning spectral observation of the atmosphere. APPLIED OPTICS 2002; 41:4234-4244. [PMID: 12148750 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns the development of a new inversion method for simultaneous gas and aerosol retrievals in the upper layers of the atmosphere from limb-viewing multiwavelength-transmission infrared measurements. In this method, concentrations of gas species such as O3, NO2, HNO3, N2O, CH4, and H2O, and spectral dependences of the aerosol extinction coefficient are retrieved simultaneously. When this is done, smoothness constraints on the desired spectral dependencies of the aerosol extinction coefficient are used as an a priori assumption. The method is used in the treating of synthetic transmission spectra of the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, which is based on the solar occultation technique and was on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite. A set of numerical tests shows the efficiency of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Oshchepkov
- Environmental Systems Business Division, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
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Norman ML, Miller RE, Worsnop DR. Ternary H2SO4/HNO3/H2O Optical Constants: New Measurements from Aerosol Spectroscopy under Stratospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014138v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Norman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - R. E. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
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Fiacco DL, Hunt SW, Leopold KR. Microwave investigation of sulfuric acid monohydrate. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4504-11. [PMID: 11960481 DOI: 10.1021/ja012724w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex H2SO4-H2O has been observed by rotational spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. A-type spectra for 18 isotopic forms have been analyzed, and the vibrationally averaged structure of the system has been determined. The complex forms a distorted, six-membered ring with the water unit acting as both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor toward the sulfuric acid. One of the H2SO4 protons forms a short, direct hydrogen bond to the water oxygen, with an H...O distance of 1.645(5) A and an O-H...O angle of 165.2(4) degrees. Additionally, the orientation of the water suggests a weaker, secondary hydrogen bond between one of the H2O hydrogens and a nearby S=O oxygen on the sulfuric acid, with an O...H distance of 2.05(1) A and an O-H...O angle of 130.3(5) degrees. The experimentally determined structure is in excellent agreement with previously published DFT studies. Experiments with HOD in the jet reveal the formation of only isotopomers involving deuterium in the secondary hydrogen bond, providing direct experimental evidence for the secondary H...O interaction. Extensive isotopic substitution has also permitted a re-determination of the structure of the H2SO4 unit within the complex. The hydrogen-bonding OH bond of the sulfuric acid elongates by 0.07(2) A relative to that in free H2SO4, and the S=O bond involved in the secondary interaction stretches by 0.04(1) A. These changes reflect substantial distortion of the H2SO4 moiety in response to only a single water molecule, and prior to the proton transfer event. Spectral data indicate that the complex undergoes at least one, and probably more than one type of internal motion. Although the sulfuric acid in this work was produced from direct reaction of SO3 and water in the jet, experiments with H2(18)O indicate that about 2-3% of the acid is formed via processes not normally associated with the gas-phase hydration of SO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Fiacco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Signorell R, Luckhaus D. Aerosol Spectroscopy of Dihydroxyacetone: Gas Phase and Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0130968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Signorell
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Luckhaus
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hung HM, Martin ST. Apparent freezing temperatures modeled for several experimental apparatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loerting T, Liedl KR. Toward elimination of discrepancies between theory and experiment: the rate constant of the atmospheric conversion of SO3 to H2SO4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:8874-8. [PMID: 10922048 PMCID: PMC16788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.16.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydration rate constant of sulfur trioxide to sulfuric acid is shown to depend sensitively on water vapor pressure. In the 1:1 SO3-H2O complex, the rate is predicted to be slower by about 25 orders of magnitude compared with laboratory results [Lovejoy, E. R., Hanson, D. R. & Huey, L. G. (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100, 19911-19916; Jayne, J. T., Poschl, U., Chen, Y.-m., Dai, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E. & Molina, M. J. (1997) J. Phys. Chem. A 101, 10000-10011]. This discrepancy is removed mostly by allowing a second and third water molecule to participate. An asynchronous water-mediated double proton transfer concerted with the nucleophilic attack and a double proton transfer accompanied by a transient H3O+ rotation are predicted to be the fastest reaction mechanisms. Comparison of the predicted negative apparent "activation" energies with the experimental finding indicates that in our atmosphere, different reaction paths involving two and three water molecules are taken in the process of forming sulfate aerosols and consequently acid rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Loerting
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Biermann UM, Luo BP, Peter T. Absorption Spectra and Optical Constants of Binary and Ternary Solutions of H2SO4, HNO3, and H2O in the Mid Infrared at Atmospheric Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992349i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. M. Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, P. O. Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany, and Atmospheric Sciences (LAPETH), ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B. P. Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, P. O. Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany, and Atmospheric Sciences (LAPETH), ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Th. Peter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, P. O. Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany, and Atmospheric Sciences (LAPETH), ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Norman ML, Qian J, Miller RE, Worsnop DR. Infrared complex refractive indices of supercooled liquid HNO3/H2O aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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