1
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Jin F, Wei M, Liu C, Ma Y. The mechanism for the formation of OH radicals in condensed-phase water under ultraviolet irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21453-21460. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01798g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OH radicals can be produced via direct water photolysis through concerted proton and electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Min Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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2
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3
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Urbanek J, Vöhringer P. Below-Band-Gap Ionization of Liquid-to-Supercritical Ammonia: Geminate Recombination via Proton-Coupled Back Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:265-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janus Urbanek
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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4
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Urbanek J, Vöhringer P. Vertical Photoionization of Liquid-to-Supercritical Ammonia: Thermal Effects on the Valence-to-Conduction Band Gap. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8844-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404532s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janus Urbanek
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Goto T, Ikehata A, Morisawa Y, Higashi N, Ozaki Y. The effect of metal cations on the nature of the first electronic transition of liquid water as studied by attenuated total reflection far-ultraviolet spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8097-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40633k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Svoboda O, Ončák M, Slavíček P. Simulations of light induced processes in water based on ab initio path integrals molecular dynamics. I. Photoabsorption. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3649942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Hermann A, Schwerdtfeger P. Blueshifting the onset of optical UV absorption for water under pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:187403. [PMID: 21635126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.187403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations show that the optical UV absorption onset of solid water is blueshifted with increasing pressure. Across several crystal structures and a wide pressure range, the optical gap increases almost linearly with external pressure, making solid water more transparent. The origin of this unusual effect can be traced back to an increased Stark shift caused by water's electrostatic environment at smaller volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, New Zealand.
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8
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Ikehata A, Mitsuoka M, Morisawa Y, Kariyama N, Higashi N, Ozaki Y. Effect of Cations on Absorption Bands of First Electronic Transition of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:8319-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104951m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Ikehata
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan, and KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
| | - Motoki Mitsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan, and KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morisawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan, and KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
| | - Naomi Kariyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan, and KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
| | - Noboru Higashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan, and KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan, and KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
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9
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Bernasconi L. Statistical average of model orbital potentials for extended systems: Calculation of the optical absorption spectrum of liquid water. J Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3414351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Elles CG, Rivera CA, Zhang Y, Pieniazek PA, Bradforth SE. Electronic structure of liquid water from polarization-dependent two-photon absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:084501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3078336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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11
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Garbuio V, Cascella M, Pulci O. Excited state properties of liquid water. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:033101. [PMID: 21817245 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/3/033101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we give an overview of the state of the art in calculations of the electronic band structure and absorption spectra of water. After an introduction to the main theoretical and computational schemes used, we present results for the electronic and optical excitations of water. We focus mainly on liquid water, but spectroscopic properties of ice and vapor phase are also described. The applicability and the accuracy of first-principles methods are discussed, and results are critically presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Garbuio
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), CNR-INFM-SMC, Department of Physics University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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12
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Brown MA, Faubel M, Winter B. X-Ray photo- and resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy studies of liquid water and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b803023p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Ikehata A, Higashi N, Ozaki Y. Direct observation of the absorption bands of the first electronic transition in liquid H2O and D2O by attenuated total reflectance far-UV spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:234510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3039080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Ončák M, Slavíček P, Poterya V, Fárník M, Buck U. Emergence of Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Band in the Absorption Spectra of Hydrogen Halides on Ice Nanoparticles: Spectroscopic Evidence for Acidic Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5344-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8012305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Udo Buck
- Max-Planck Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganization, Bunsenstrasse 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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D’Abramo M, Di Nola A, Aschi M, Amadei A. Theoretical characterization of temperature and density dependence of liquid water electronic excitation energy: Comparison with recent experimental data. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:021103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2826325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Higashi N, Ikehata A, Ozaki Y. An attenuated total reflectance far-UV spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:103107. [PMID: 17979406 DOI: 10.1063/1.2796928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An ultraviolet spectrometer based on attenuated total reflection (ATR) has been developed and tested for liquid water (light and heavy water) in the wavelength range from 140 to 300 nm, which includes the far ultraviolet (FUV) region. One of the principal limitations of FUV transmission spectra is the strong absorption of the solvent itself. High absorptivity of the n --> sigma(*) transition in water molecule has thus far prevented meaningful spectral measurements of aqueous solutions in the wavelength region under 170 nm. Our technique uses the evanescent wave created through total reflection when light is passed through an internal reflection element (IRE) in contact with the sample. Since the evanescent field is used as an optical path length, the method allows spectral measurements favorably comparable with that of transmittance method with a shorter path length than the wavelength of FUV light. In this study, we have designed an original miniature IRE probe made of sapphire that allows detection of the whole n --> sigma(*) transition absorption band of water down to 140 nm. The obtained ATR-FUV spectra closely match calculations based on the Fresnel formula. It is also confirmed that this spectrometer is equally effective for spectral measurements of nonaqueous solvents with significant absorptivities in the FUV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Higashi
- KURABO Industries Ltd., 14-5 Shimokida-cho, Neyagawa 572-0823, Japan
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17
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Marin TW, Takahashi K, Bartels DM. Temperature and density dependence of the light and heavy water ultraviolet absorption edge. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:104314. [PMID: 16999533 DOI: 10.1063/1.2338521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characteristics of the ultraviolet absorption band edge of high-pressure light and heavy water are reported over the temperature range of 25-400 degrees C, extending into the supercritical regime. A gradual redshift in the absorption band edge of approximately 0.6 eV is observed with increasing temperature. This shift cannot be explained by vibrational hot band growth or changes in the degree of Rayleigh scattering with increasing temperature, and is ascribed to a shift of the electronic transition energy. The density dependence for the absorption edge in 400 degrees C supercritical water was also examined, and showed a surprising approximately 0.1 eV blueshift over a factor of 3.5 decrease in density. This shift may be due to a narrowing of the absorption spectrum with decreasing density. It is proposed that the previously reported "red tail" of the water absorption extending into the near ultraviolet and visible could be attributed to preresonant Rayleigh scattering, and that the true onset of liquid water absorption is approximately 5.8 eV at 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Marin
- Chemistry Department, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL 60532, USA.
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18
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Winter B, Hergenhahn U, Faubel M, Björneholm O, Hertel IV. Hydrogen bonding in liquid water probed by resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:094501. [PMID: 17824742 DOI: 10.1063/1.2770457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured resonant and off-resonant Auger-electron spectra of liquid water. Continuumlike transitions near and above the O1s vertical ionization energy are identified by the characteristic normal Auger-electron spectra. On the contrary, well-resolved spectator shifts of the main Auger-electron peak are observed at the liquid-water O1s absorption main edge and near the absorption pre-edge. The shifts of 1.4 and 1.9 eV arise from the localized nature of the excitation. Excited-state localization/delocalization is also discussed for the analogous vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) transitions, and we point out the similarities between x-ray and VUV absorption spectra of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Elles CG, Shkrob IA, Crowell RA, Bradforth SE. Excited state dynamics of liquid water: Insight from the dissociation reaction following two-photon excitation. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:164503. [PMID: 17477610 DOI: 10.1063/1.2727468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors use transient absorption spectroscopy to monitor the ionization and dissociation products following two-photon excitation of pure liquid water. The primary decay mechanism changes from dissociation at an excitation energy of 8.3 eV to ionization at 12.4 eV. The two channels occur with similar yield for an excitation energy of 9.3 eV. For the lowest excitation energy, the transient absorption at 267 nm probes the geminate recombination kinetics of the H and OH fragments, providing a window on the dissociation dynamics. Modeling the OH geminate recombination indicates that the dissociating H atoms have enough kinetic energy to escape the solvent cage and one or two additional solvent shells. The average initial separation of H and OH fragments is 0.7+/-0.2 nm. Our observation suggests that the hydrogen bonding environment does not prevent direct dissociation of an O-H bond in the excited state. We discuss the implications of our measurement for the excited state dynamics of liquid water and explore the role of those dynamics in the ionization mechanism at low excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Elles
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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20
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Bernholc J, Lu W, Nakhmanson SM, Hahn P, Meunier V, Buongiorno Nardelli M, Schmidt W. Atomic scale design of nanostructures. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701189186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Cabral do Couto P, Costa Cabral BJ. Electronically excited water aggregates and the adiabatic band gap of water. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:014509. [PMID: 17212502 DOI: 10.1063/1.2423004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report results for the electronic properties of the S(1) singlet excited state of H(3)O(+)[OH(H(2)O)((n-2))](-) aggregates, where n=2-5 is the number of water molecules. The energy of the excited state was defined relative to the ground state of neutral water clusters. Results for ionized aggregates are also reported. The results are based on configuration interaction with single excitations geometry optimizations followed by density functional theory and time dependent density functional theory calculations. Emphasis was placed on the relationship between electronic properties of the aggregates and the adiabatic band gap of liquid water. The authors' predictions for the adiabatic energy gap of water clusters are in the 6.01-6.55 eV range. These values are approximately 0.9-0.4 eV below the experimental adiabatic band gap of liquid water (6.9 eV). Comparison with experimental information for water is reported for several properties of interest including vertical and adiabatic ionization energies, excitation energies, photoemission thresholds, and conduction band edge. The results provide a description, at the molecular level, for the electronic properties of water aggregates that is consistent with the current picture for the band gap of bulk water [J. V. Coe, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 20, 33 (2001)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cabral do Couto
- Grupo de Física Matemática, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Paterson MJ, Kongsted J, Christiansen O, Mikkelsen KV, Nielsen CB. Two-photon absorption cross sections: An investigation of solvent effects. Theoretical studies on formaldehyde and water. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:184501. [PMID: 17115759 DOI: 10.1063/1.2363997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of a solvent on the two-photon absorption of microsolvated formaldehyde and liquid water have been studied using hybrid coupled-cluster/molecular mechanics (CC/MM) response theory. Both water and formaldehyde were considered solvated in water, where the solvent water molecules were described within the framework of molecular mechanics. Prior to the CC/MM calculations, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the water/formaldehyde and water/water aggregates and many configurations were generated. By carrying out CC/MM response calculations on the individual configurations, it was possible to obtain statistically averaged results for both the excitation energies and two-photon absorption cross sections. For liquid water, the comparison between one- and two-photon absorption spectra is in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. In particular, the lowest energy transition occurring in the one-photon absorption spectrum of water only occurs with a relatively small strength in the two-photon absorption spectrum. This result is important for the interpretation of two-photon absorption data as these results show that in the absence of selection rules that determine which transitions are forbidden, the spectral profile of the two-photon absorption spectrum can be significantly different from the spectral profile of the one-photon absorption spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Paterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark.
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23
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Elles CG, Jailaubekov AE, Crowell RA, Bradforth SE. Excitation-energy dependence of the mechanism for two-photon ionization of liquid H2O and D2O from 8.3to12.4eV. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:44515. [PMID: 16942164 DOI: 10.1063/1.2217738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption measurements monitor the geminate recombination kinetics of solvated electrons following two-photon ionization of liquid water at several excitation energies in the range from 8.3 to 12.4 eV. Modeling the kinetics of the electron reveals its average ejection length from the hydronium ion and hydroxyl radical counterparts and thus provides insight into the ionization mechanism. The electron ejection length increases monotonically from roughly 0.9 nm at 8.3 eV to nearly 4 nm at 12.4 eV, with the increase taking place most rapidly above 9.5 eV. We connect our results with recent advances in the understanding of the electronic structure of liquid water and discuss the nature of the ionization mechanism as a function of excitation energy. The isotope dependence of the electron ejection length provides additional information about the ionization mechanism. The electron ejection length has a similar energy dependence for two-photon ionization of liquid D(2)O, but is consistently shorter than in H(2)O by about 0.3 nm across the wide range of excitation energies studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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24
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Abstract
Solvation in supercritical water under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions is studied via molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of solute charge distributions and solvent density on the solvation structures and dynamics is examined with a diatomic probe solute molecule. It is found that the solvation structure varies dramatically with the solute dipole moment, especially in low-density water, in accord with many previous studies on ion solvation. This electrostrictive effect has important consequences for solvation dynamics. In the case of a nonequilibrium solvent relaxation, if there are sufficiently many water molecules close to the solute at the outset of the relaxation, the solvent response measured as a dynamic Stokes shift is almost completely governed by inertial rotations of these water molecules. By contrast, in the opposite case of a low local solvent density near the solute, not only rotations but also translations of water molecules play an important role in solvent relaxation dynamics. The applicability of a linear response is found to be significantly restricted at low water densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, USA
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25
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Zazza C, Grandi A, Bencivenni L, Aschi M. On the performance of gradient-corrected approximation functionals and polarizable continuum model in the study of 1,2,3-triazine in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Andersson S, Al-Halabi A, Kroes GJ, van Dishoeck EF. Molecular-dynamics study of photodissociation of water in crystalline and amorphous ices. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:64715. [PMID: 16483237 DOI: 10.1063/1.2162901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of classical dynamics calculations performed to study the photodissociation of water in crystalline and amorphous ice surfaces at a surface temperature of 10 K. A modified form of a recently developed potential model for the photodissociation of a water molecule in ice [S. Andersson et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 408, 415 (2005)] is used. Dissociation in the top six monolayers is considered. Desorption of H(2)O has a low probability (less than 0.5% yield per absorbed photon) for both types of ice. The final outcome strongly depends on the original position of the photodissociated molecule. For molecules in the first bilayer of crystalline ice and the corresponding layers in amorphous ice, desorption of H atoms dominates. In the second bilayer H atom desorption, trapping of the H and OH fragments in the ice, and recombination of H and OH are of roughly equal importance. Deeper into the ice H atom desorption becomes less important and trapping and recombination dominate. Motion of the photofragments is somewhat more restricted in amorphous ice. The distribution of distances traveled by H atoms in the ice peaks at 6-7 Angstroms with a tail going to about 60 Angstroms for both types of ice. The mobility of OH radicals is low within the ice with most probable distances traveled of 2 and 1 Angstrom for crystalline and amorphous ices, respectively. OH is, however, quite mobile on top of the surface, where it has been found to travel more than 80 Angstroms. Simulated absorption spectra of crystalline ice, amorphous ice, and liquid water are found to be in very good agreement with the experiments. The outcomes of photodissociation in crystalline and amorphous ices are overall similar, but with some intriguing differences in detail. The probability of H atoms desorbing is 40% higher from amorphous than from crystalline ice and the kinetic-energy distribution of the H atoms is on average 30% hotter for amorphous ice. In contrast, the probability of desorption of OH radicals from crystalline ice is much higher than that from amorphous ice.
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27
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Chipman DM. Stretching of hydrogen-bonded OH in the lowest singlet excited electronic state of water dimer. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:044305. [PMID: 16460160 DOI: 10.1063/1.2162542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lowest singlet excited electronic state of water monomer in the gas phase is strictly dissociative along a OH stretch coordinate but changes its nature when the stretched OH moiety is hydrogen bonded to a neighboring water molecule. This work extends previous exploration of the water dimer excited singlet potential-energy surface, using computational methods that are reliable even at geometries well removed from the ground-state equilibrium. First, the hydrogen-bonded OH moiety is stretched far enough to establish the existence of a barrier that is sufficient to support a quasibound vibrational state of the OH oscillator near the Franck-Condon region. Second, the constraint of an icelike structure is relaxed, and it is found that a substantial fraction of liquidlike structures also supports a quasibound vibrational state. These potential-energy explorations on stretching of the hydrogen-bonded OH moiety in a water dimer are discussed as a model for understanding the initial dynamics upon excitation into the lowest excited singlet state of condensed water. The possibility is raised that the excited-state lifetime may be long enough to allow for exciton migration, which would provide a mechanism for energy transport in condensed water phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Chipman
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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28
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Zazza C, Amadei A, Sanna N, Grandi A, Chillemi G, Di Nola A, D'Abramo M, Aschi M. Theoretical modeling of the valence UV spectra of 1,2,3-triazine and uracil in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1385-93. [PMID: 16633620 DOI: 10.1039/b515648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the perturbed matrix method (PMM) ability in reproducing valence UV absorption spectra is carried out on two model systems: 1,2,3-triazine in methanol solution and uracil in water solution. Results show that even using the simplest definition of the quantum center, i.e. the portion of the system explicitly treated quantum mechanically, PMM provides rather good results. This paper further confirms the possibility of using PMM as a theoretical-computational tool, complementary to other methodologies, for addressing the electronic properties in molecular systems of high complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Zazza
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Applicazioni di Supercalcolo per Università e Ricerca (CASPUR), via dei Tizii 6b, 00185, Roma, Italy
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29
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Mota R, Parafita R, Giuliani A, Hubin-Franskin MJ, Lourenço J, Garcia G, Hoffmann S, Mason N, Ribeiro P, Raposo M, Limão-Vieira P. Water VUV electronic state spectroscopy by synchrotron radiation. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Andersson S, Kroes GJ, van Dishoeck EF. Photodissociation of water in crystalline ice: A molecular dynamics study. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Hahn PH, Schmidt WG, Seino K, Preuss M, Bechstedt F, Bernholc J. Optical absorption of water: coulomb effects versus hydrogen bonding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:037404. [PMID: 15698323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.037404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The optical spectrum of water is not well understood. For example, the main absorption peak shifts upwards by 1.3 eV upon condensation, which is contrary to the behavior expected from aggregation-induced broadening of molecular levels. We investigate theoretically the effects of electron-electron and electron-hole correlations, finding that condensation leads to delocalization of the exciton onto nearby hydrogen-bonded molecules. This reduces its binding energy and has a dramatic impact on the line shape. The calculated spectrum is in excellent agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Hahn
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie und -optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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32
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Abstract
The lowest electronic states that are initially formed upon excitation of small water clusters having a central water molecule with one stretched OH bond are studied with electronic structure methods. It is found that in water dimer, trimer, and pentamer the lowest excited singlet and triplet states are each nondissociative for stretching of an OH bond that is hydrogen bonded in an icelike configuration to a neighboring water molecule. This is in marked contrast to the behavior of an isolated gas phase water monomer, where it is well known that the lowest excited state is strongly dissociative upon OH stretching. The conclusions of this study may serve as a basis to interpret recent experimental evidence that suggests a significant lifetime for excited water in irradiated thin ice films, and may also have important implications for the behavior of excitation of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Chipman
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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33
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Aschi M, D'Abramo M, Di Teodoro C, Di Nola A, Amadei A. Theoretical Characterisation of the Electronic Excitation in Liquid Water. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:53-8. [PMID: 15688644 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Aschi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali Università de l'Aquila, via Vetoio (Coppito 1) 67010 L'Aquila, Italia.
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34
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Miller Y, Fredj E, Harvey JN, Gerber RB. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Large Water Clusters: Model and Calculations for (H2O)n, for n = 8, 11, 20, 40, and 50. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Miller
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Computer Science Department, Jerusalem College of TechnologyMachon Lev, Jerusalem 91160, Israel, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, England, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - E. Fredj
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Computer Science Department, Jerusalem College of TechnologyMachon Lev, Jerusalem 91160, Israel, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, England, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - J. N. Harvey
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Computer Science Department, Jerusalem College of TechnologyMachon Lev, Jerusalem 91160, Israel, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, England, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - R. B. Gerber
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Computer Science Department, Jerusalem College of TechnologyMachon Lev, Jerusalem 91160, Israel, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, England, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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35
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Molecular electric properties of liquid water calculated using the combined coupled cluster/molecular mechanics method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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37
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Abstract
This Account describes the near-UV and visible luminescences emitted from crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous ices as a result of excitation by UV light. Vibrationally resolved, short-lived luminescence around 340 nm arises from excited O(2) formed by the reaction of two O atoms. Long-lived luminescence around 420 nm is tentatively assigned to a spin-forbidden (4)sigma(-) --> X(2)Pi transition of OH. This Account gives a history of the research into this little-known phenomenon, places it in the context of other spectroscopic studies of gaseous and solid water, and proposes future directions for the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Langford
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia
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