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Xu W, Niu M, Yang X, Chen H, Cai X, Smith TA, Ghiggino KP, Hao X. Chemical vapor deposition growth of phase-selective inorganic lead halide perovskite films for sensitive photodetectors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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2
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Doughty B, Simpson MJ, Das S, Xiao K, Ma YZ. Connecting Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy with Spatially Coregistered Time Averaged Optical Imaging Modalities. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3915-3923. [PMID: 32309940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal all-optical imaging involving coregistered femtosecond transient absorption microscopy (TAM), time-integrated photoluminescence (PL), and steady-state modalities such as confocal reflectance and transmission offers an appealing approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of complex electronic excited-state phenomena in spatially heterogeneous systems. A unique combination of these modalities allows us to unravel not only the competing electronic excited-state dynamical processes but also the underlying morphological information with simultaneous high temporal and spatial resolution. However, correlating the various images obtained from time-resolved and time-independent modalities is generally nontrivial and particularly challenging when the electronic dynamics under study evolve in both time and space. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for rationally correlating time-resolved microscopy with coregistered time-integrated or steady-state modalities. Specifically, our approach involves an extended global lifetime analysis of the time-resolved microscopic data set to separate distinct dynamical processes taking place on commensurate time scales, and the resulting decay-associated amplitude maps (DAAMs) were applied to explore correlations with the images acquired using time-independent modalities. The feasibility of our approach was validated through analyzing a multimodal data set acquired from a thin film of chloride-containing mixed lead halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) using femtosecond transient absorption, time-integrated PL, and confocal reflectance microscopies. Analysis of the results obtained enable us to gain new insight into the complex ultrafast relaxation dynamics in this highly heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mary Jane Simpson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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3
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Zhu Y, Cheng JX. Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:020901. [PMID: 31941290 PMCID: PMC7195865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has been extensively used in the study of excited state dynamics of various materials and molecules. The transition from TA spectroscopy to TA microscopy, which enables the space-resolved measurement of TA, is opening new investigations toward a more complete picture of excited state dynamics in functional materials, as well as the mapping of crucial biopigments for precision diagnosis. Here, we review the recent instrumental advancement that is pushing the limit of spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and imaging speed. We further highlight the emerging application in materials science and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Zhu T, Snaider JM, Yuan L, Huang L. Ultrafast Dynamic Microscopy of Carrier and Exciton Transport. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:219-244. [PMID: 30883273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the recent progress in ultrafast dynamic microscopy that combines ultrafast optical spectroscopy with microscopy approaches, focusing on the application transient absorption microscopy (TAM) to directly image energy and charge transport in solar energy harvesting and conversion systems. We discuss the principles, instrumentation, and resolutions of TAM. The simultaneous spatial, temporal, and excited-state-specific resolutions of TAM unraveled exciton and charge transport mechanisms that were previously obscured in conventional ultrafast spectroscopy measurements for systems such as organic solar cells, hybrid perovskite thin films, and molecular aggregates. We also discuss future directions to improve resolutions and to develop other ultrafast imaging contrasts beyond transient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Laser/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jordan M. Snaider
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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Yuan L, Chung TF, Kuc A, Wan Y, Xu Y, Chen YP, Heine T, Huang L. Photocarrier generation from interlayer charge-transfer transitions in WS 2-graphene heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1700324. [PMID: 29423439 PMCID: PMC5804583 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient interfacial carrier generation in van der Waals heterostructures is critical for their electronic and optoelectronic applications. We demonstrate broadband photocarrier generation in WS2-graphene heterostructures by imaging interlayer coupling-dependent charge generation using ultrafast transient absorption microscopy. Interlayer charge-transfer (CT) transitions and hot carrier injection from graphene allow carrier generation by excitation as low as 0.8 eV below the WS2 bandgap. The experimentally determined interlayer CT transition energies are consistent with those predicted from the first-principles band structure calculation. CT interactions also lead to additional carrier generation in the visible spectral range in the heterostructures compared to that in the single-layer WS2 alone. The lifetime of the charge-separated states is measured to be ~1 ps. These results suggest that interlayer interactions make graphene-two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures very attractive for photovoltaic and photodetector applications because of the combined benefits of high carrier mobility and enhanced broadband photocarrier generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ting-Fung Chung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physics & Earth Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yong P Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Thomas Heine
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physics & Earth Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Rozzi CA, Troiani F, Tavernelli I. Quantum modeling of ultrafast photoinduced charge separation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:013002. [PMID: 29047450 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenomena involving electron transfer are ubiquitous in nature, photosynthesis and enzymes or protein activity being prominent examples. Their deep understanding thus represents a mandatory scientific goal. Moreover, controlling the separation of photogenerated charges is a crucial prerequisite in many applicative contexts, including quantum electronics, photo-electrochemical water splitting, photocatalytic dye degradation, and energy conversion. In particular, photoinduced charge separation is the pivotal step driving the storage of sun light into electrical or chemical energy. If properly mastered, these processes may also allow us to achieve a better command of information storage at the nanoscale, as required for the development of molecular electronics, optical switching, or quantum technologies, amongst others. In this Topical Review we survey recent progress in the understanding of ultrafast charge separation from photoexcited states. We report the state-of-the-art of the observation and theoretical description of charge separation phenomena in the ultrafast regime mainly focusing on molecular- and nano-sized solar energy conversion systems. In particular, we examine different proposed mechanisms driving ultrafast charge dynamics, with particular regard to the role of quantum coherence and electron-nuclear coupling, and link experimental observations to theoretical approaches based either on model Hamiltonians or on first principles simulations.
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Penwell SB, Ginsberg LDS, Noriega R, Ginsberg NS. Resolving ultrafast exciton migration in organic solids at the nanoscale. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1136-1141. [PMID: 28920937 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of molecular-based light harvesting relies on transport of excitons to charge-transfer sites. Measuring exciton migration, however, has been challenging because of the mismatch between nanoscale migration lengths and the diffraction limit. Instead of using bulk substrate quenching methods, here we define quenching boundaries all-optically with sub-diffraction resolution, thus characterizing spatiotemporal exciton migration on its native nanometre and picosecond scales. By transforming stimulated emission depletion microscopy into a time-resolved ultrafast approach, we measure a 16-nm migration length in poly(2,5-di(hexyloxy)cyanoterephthalylidene) conjugated polymer films. Combined with Monte Carlo exciton hopping simulations, we show that migration in these films is essentially diffusive because intrinsic chromophore energetic disorder is comparable to chromophore inhomogeneous broadening. Our approach will enable previously unattainable correlation of local material structure to exciton migration character, applicable not only to photovoltaic or display-destined organic semiconductors but also to explaining the quintessential exciton migration exhibited in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Penwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lucas D S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rodrigo Noriega
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Doughty B, Simpson MJ, Yang B, Xiao K, Ma YZ. Simplification of femtosecond transient absorption microscopy data from CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite thin films into decay associated amplitude maps. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:114002. [PMID: 27308671 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/11/114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to simplify multi-dimensional femtosecond transient absorption microscopy (TAM) data into decay associated amplitude maps (DAAMs) that describe the spatial distributions of dynamical processes occurring on various characteristic timescales. Application of this method to TAM data obtained from a model methyl-ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite thin film allows us to simplify the data set comprising 68 time-resolved images into four DAAMs. These maps offer a simple means to visualize the complex electronic excited-state dynamics in this system by separating distinct dynamical processes evolving on characteristic timescales into individual spatial images. This approach provides new insight into subtle aspects of ultrafast relaxation dynamics associated with excitons and charge carriers in the perovskite thin film, which have recently been found to coexist at spatially distinct locations.
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Fischer MC, Wilson JW, Robles FE, Warren WS. Invited Review Article: Pump-probe microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:031101. [PMID: 27036751 PMCID: PMC4798998 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has rapidly gained popularity in biomedical imaging and materials science because of its ability to provide three-dimensional images at high spatial and temporal resolution even in optically scattering environments. Currently the majority of commercial and home-built devices are based on two-photon fluorescence and harmonic generation contrast. These two contrast mechanisms are relatively easy to measure but can access only a limited range of endogenous targets. Recent developments in fast laser pulse generation, pulse shaping, and detection technology have made accessible a wide range of optical contrasts that utilize multiple pulses of different colors. Molecular excitation with multiple pulses offers a large number of adjustable parameters. For example, in two-pulse pump-probe microscopy, one can vary the wavelength of each excitation pulse, the detection wavelength, the timing between the excitation pulses, and the detection gating window after excitation. Such a large parameter space can provide much greater molecular specificity than existing single-color techniques and allow for structural and functional imaging without the need for exogenous dyes and labels, which might interfere with the system under study. In this review, we provide a tutorial overview, covering principles of pump-probe microscopy and experimental setup, challenges associated with signal detection and data processing, and an overview of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jesse W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Francisco E Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Wan Y, Guo Z, Zhu T, Yan S, Johnson J, Huang L. Cooperative singlet and triplet exciton transport in tetracene crystals visualized by ultrafast microscopy. Nat Chem 2015; 7:785-92. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Devadas MS, Devkota T, Johns P, Li Z, Lo SS, Yu K, Huang L, Hartland GV. Imaging nano-objects by linear and nonlinear optical absorption microscopies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:354001. [PMID: 26266335 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/35/354001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Absorption based microscopy measurements are emerging as important tools for studying nanomaterials. This review discusses the three most common techniques for performing these experiments: transient absorption microscopy, photothermal heterodyne imaging, and spatial modulation spectroscopy. The focus is on the application of these techniques to imaging and detection, using examples taken from the authors' laboratory. The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are discussed, with an emphasis on the unique information that can be obtained from these experiments, in comparison to conventional emission or scattering based microscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sajini Devadas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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Clafton SN, Huang DM, Massey WR, Kee TW. Femtosecond Dynamics of Excitons and Hole-Polarons in Composite P3HT/PCBM Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4626-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308876z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott N. Clafton
- School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David M. Huang
- School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - William R. Massey
- School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tak W. Kee
- School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Hao XT, Hirvonen LM, Smith TA. Nanomorphology of polythiophene–fullerene bulk-heterojunction films investigated by structured illumination optical imaging and time-resolved confocal microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1:015004. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/1/015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lo SS, Devadas MS, Major TA, Hartland GV. Optical detection of single nano-objects by transient absorption microscopy. Analyst 2013; 138:25-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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